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+====The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that presents the best governmental policy option – key to out of round advocacy skills.==== |
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+Nixon 2K (Themba-Nixon, Makani. Executive Director of The Praxis Project, a nonprofit organization helping communities use media and policy advocacy to advance health equity and justice~~, "Changing the Rules: What Public Policy Means for Organizing" Colorlines 3.2, 2000) |
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+ |
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+Getting It in |
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+AND |
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+making it so. |
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+ |
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+====I value morality, as per the evaluative term, ~’ought~’ in the resolution.==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====The standard is minimizing suffering.==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====We ground our existence through experience. Practical reason is arbitrary, meaning sentience is the only non-arbitrary source of normativity. Pain is universally bad and pleasure is universally good. ==== |
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+Thomas **Nagel ~’86** ~~"The View From Nowhere", 1986~~ //AG |
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+I shall defend |
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+AND |
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+the appearances here. |
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+ |
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+==Plan== |
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+ |
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+====Plan Text: Countries should prohibit the production of Floating Nuclear Power Plants in the OSPAR region. I reserve the right to clarify anything about the plan in cx.==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Floating Nuclear Power Plants are specifically bad in the arctic – high risk of accidents and annihilation of marine ecosystems.==== |
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+**KIMO 11 **(KIMO International (Kommunenes Internasjonale Miljøorganisasjon) a local authorities international environmental organization designed to give municipalities a political voice at regional, EU and international level. Greenpeace International is an independent global campaigning organization that acts to change attitudes and behavior, to protect and conserve the environment and to promote peace. "Concerns on Floating and Submerged Nuclear Power Plants," The OSPAR Commission. Deep Sea Research Part B. Oceanographic Literature Review 31.12. 2011. http://www.nuclearpolicy.info/docs/news/KIMO_OSPAR_Sellafield_FNPP.pdf) //WW JA 8/26/16 |
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+*** OSPAR is basically the Arctic region. |
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+Recent developments in |
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+AND |
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+OSPAR Maritime region. |
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+ |
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+==The Advantage is Environmental Damage== |
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+ |
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+===Two Internal Link Scenarios=== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====1 – Warming==== |
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+ |
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+====We~’re on track to solve warming in the status-quo.==== |
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+**Khomami 16.** Nadia Khomami is a news reporter at the Guardian. She also writes features on music, politics and popular culture. You can follow her on Twitter. , 9-3-2016, "G20 summit: US and China ratify Paris climate change agreement," Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2016/sep/03/g20-summit-obama-to-make-climate-change-announcement-as-may-heads-to-china-live //RS |
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+The US has |
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+AND |
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+later in September." |
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+ |
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+====FNPPs erode the Arctic environment.==== |
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+**Nikitin 04** (Alexandr Konstantinovich Nikitin is a retired first rank captain and a former nuclear installations safety inspector for the Russian Ministry of Defense (1987-1992). He is an author of multiple publications concerning the problems of radiation safety in the northern seas. Vladimir Mikhailovich Desyatov is a trained shipbuilding engineer. He has also been a representative of the President of Russia in the Khabarovsk region Igor Victorovich Forofontov is the coordinator of the Greenpeace nuclear campaign in Russia. He graduated from the physics faculty of Leningrad State University. Yevgeney Yakovlevic Simonov is a senior engineer and chief of shift at the Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), a nuclear operator on board the 900 series nuclear submarines and one of the heads of laboratory involved in the technical expert review of NPP project documentation. Ilya Borisovich Kolton was a scientific collaborator in the Kurchatov Institute within the technological-scientific centre of GosAtomNadzor. Alexey Vladimirovich Yablokov is a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science. He is a former environmental adviser to the Russian President and former chairman of the governmental commission on sea-dumping of radioactive wastes. Vladimir Mikhailovich Kuznetsov is a former head (1986-1993) of the Russian Federal Inspectorate for Nuclear and Radiation Safety~’s (GosAtomNadzor) department for supervision and inspection of nuclear and radiation safety at atomic engineering installations. "FLOATING NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN RUSSIA: A THREAT TO THE ARCTIC, WORLD OCEANS AND NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY," Green Cross Russia Third edition Edited and published by "Agenstwo Rakurs Production" Ltd Moscow, 2004 ISBN 2004. http://www.greencross.ch/uploads/media/gc_fnpp_book.pdf) //TruLe |
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+*** IRG – Inert Radioactive Gases*** |
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+When normal operating |
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+AND |
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+a vent pipe. |
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+ |
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+====2 – Oil spills==== |
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+ |
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+====FNPPs will be used to power oil rigs – the impact is major oil spills and annihilation of marine ecosystems.==== |
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+**Hunziker 15.** (Robert Hunziker. "Drilling and Nuclear Power in the Arctic", Counter Punch, 6-10-2015, http://www.counterpunch.org/2015/06/10/drilling-and-nuclear-power-in-the-arctic/)//DM Accessed 9-8-2016 |
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+Not only that, |
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+AND |
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+of U.S. agencies. |
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+ |
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+===Impacts=== |
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+ |
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+====Arctic oil spills and warming cause planetary extinction – the Arctic is a keystone ecosystem. ==== |
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+WWF 10 (World Wildlife Fund, "Drilling for Oil in the Arctic: Too Soon, Too Risky" 12/1/10, http://assets.worldwildlife.org/publications/393/files/original/Drilling_for_Oil_in_the_Arctic_Too_Soon_Too_Risky.pdf?1345753131)//WL |
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+The Arctic and the subarctic regions surrounding it are important for many reasons. One |
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+AND |
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+of any credible and tested means of responding effectively to a major spill. |
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+ |
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+====Deep sea biodiversity loss risks extinction ==== |
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+**Danovaro 8 **~~Professor Roberto Danovaro, Scitizen.Com, February 12, 2008. "Deep-Sea Biodiversity Conservation Needed to Avoid Ecosystem Collapse". http://scitizen.com/stories/Biodiversity/2008/02/Deep-Sea-Biodiversity-Conservation-Needed-to-Avoid-Ecosystem-Collapse/~~ |
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+The exploration of |
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+AND |
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+on the planet. |
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+ |
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+====Biodiversity loss and warming destroy Arctic indigenous communities.==== |
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+**Stepien 14** (Adam Stepien is a researcher at the Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Finland. "Arctic Indigenous Peoples, Climate Change Impacts, and Adaptation," E-International Relations. April 10, 2014. http://www.e-ir.info/2014/04/10/arctic-indigenous-peoples-climate-change-impacts-and-adaptation/) //WW JA 8/27/16 |
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+Identified impacts are |
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+AND |
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+vector-borne diseases. |
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+ |
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+====Russia is shifting to renewables in the status-quo regardless of the plan.==== |
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+**Breyer 15.** Christian Breyer, Professor, 12-30-2015, "Russia can become one of the most energy-competitive areas based on renewables," LUT, http://www.lut.fi/web/en/news/-/asset_publisher/lGh4SAywhcPu/content/russia-can-become-one-of-the-most-energy-competitive-areas-based-on-renewables //RS |
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+A fully renewable |
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+AND |
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+America and Finland. |
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+ |
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+====Russian FNPPs are located in seismic hotspots. Earthquake related devastation is inevitable.==== |
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+**Andreyev 11** (Alexandr Konstantinovich Nikitin is a retired first rank captain and a former nuclear installations safety inspector for the Russian Ministry of Defense (1987-1992). He is an author of multiple publications concerning the problems of radiation safety in the northern seas. Leonid Andreyev is a Doctor of Economics and an economics expert for the Bellona Foundation. "Floating nuclear power plants," The Bellona Foundation. 2011. http://bellona.no/assets/sites/4/Floating-nuclear-power-plants.pdf) //WW JA 8/26/16 |
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+In terms of |
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+AND |
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+will be unavoidable. |