Changes for page Westwood Myneni Aff
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,92 @@ 1 +=Structural Violence 1AC= 2 + 3 +====I value morality as per the evaluative term "ought" in the resolution, which is defined as "used to express duty or moral obligation". By Merriam-Webster.==== 4 + 5 +====The standard is minimizing oppression==== 6 + 7 +====Structural violence is based in moral exclusion which is flawed because exclusion is based on arbitrarily perceived difference.==== 8 +**Winter and Leighton 01**. Winter, D. D., and Dana C. Leighton." Structural violence." Peace, conflict and violence: Peace psychology for the 21st century (2001): 99-101. 9 +Finally, to recognize the operation of structural violence forces us to ask questions about 10 +AND 11 +local cultures, will be our most surefooted path to building lasting peace. 12 + 13 +====Theories that can~’t create material change in the real world are counter-productive and threaten actual solutions to oppression.==== 14 +**Curry 14.** Tommy J. "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century" (2014) Victory Briefs, p. 55-56 Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, Texas AandM 15 +Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real 16 +AND 17 +used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters. 18 + 19 +==Contention 1 is Police Violence== 20 + 21 +====Police brutality exacerbates racial divisions==== 22 +**Panwala 3** 23 +Asit S. Panwala (Assistant District Attorney, Felony Cases, Bronx County District Attorney~’s Office; B.A., Berkeley; J.D., NYU). "The Failure of Local and Federal Prosecutors to Curb Police Brutality." Fordham Urban Law Journal, Volume 30, Issue 2 (2003) Article 7. http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=207926context=ulj 24 +Although police departments across the country have attempted to ameliorate the hostility between police officers 25 +AND 26 +law, especially when the racial dynamics of police brutality are considered.7 27 + 28 + 29 +====Queer bodies are also more likely to be victims of police violence. ==== 30 +**Meyer 15 **(Doug Meyer, "Violence Against Queer People: Race, Class, Gender, and the Persistence of Anti-LGBT Discrimination", Professor of Women, Gender, and Sexuality at the University of Virginia, 2015) 31 +In this sense, Kevin~’s interpretation of the officers~’ behavior seems accu¬rate, as he 32 +AND 33 +with respect" by police officers than when she was perceived as transgender. 34 + 35 +====Stronger civil liability is key to restore trust in the police force==== 36 +**De Stefan 16** 37 +Lindsey De Stefan (J.D. Candidate, 2017, Seton Hall University School of Law). ""No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2016). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850. JDN. http://scholarship.shu.edu/student_scholarship/850 38 + 39 +Unfortunately, while the FBI plans to improve its system for gathering information about the 40 +AND 41 +of the stringent immunity afforded to police officers could take effect relatively quickly. 42 + 43 +==Contention 2 is Misconduct== 44 + 45 +====Misconduct leads to a cycle of corruption and low trust in government==== 46 +**Panwala 3** 47 +Asit S. Panwala (Assistant District Attorney, Felony Cases, Bronx County District Attorney~’s Office; B.A., Berkeley; J.D., NYU). "The Failure of Local and Federal Prosecutors to Curb Police Brutality." Fordham Urban Law Journal, Volume 30, Issue 2 (2003) Article 7. http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=207926context=ulj 48 + 49 +The criminal, a marginalized member of society, is in many ways the perfect 50 +AND 51 +officers~~ to abuse their authority in other ways, including corruption." 9 52 + 53 + 54 +====Limiting qualified immunity is key to hold police accountable==== 55 +**Wright 15** 56 +Sam Wright (Public Interest Lawyer). "Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity." Above the Law. 3 November 2015. http://abovethelaw.com/2015/11/want-to-fight-police-misconduct-reform-qualified-immunity/ 57 +In order to truly hold police accountable for bad acts, civilians must be able 58 +AND 59 +want to see justice done, we should push to make it happen. 60 + 61 +====Civil liability is the best starting point for challenging police misconduct more broadly==== 62 +**De Stefan 16** 63 +Lindsey De Stefan (J.D. Candidate, 2017, Seton Hall University School of Law). ""No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2016). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850. http://scholarship.shu.edu/student_scholarship/850 64 + 65 +In recent months, it has been impossible to ignore the overwhelming presence of police 66 +AND 67 +in decreasing the overall incidence of police misconduct in the United States. 68 + 69 +====Single cases can create a domino effect, justifying more serious future offenses==== 70 +**Leong 6** 71 +Nancy Leong (Research Scholar, Georgetown University Law Center; J.D., Stanford Law School, 2006). "The Saucier Qualified Immunity Experiment: An Empirical Analysis." (2009). Faculty Publications. Paper 66. http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=106326context=facpubs 72 +One might expect that the Supreme Court would be less concerned about the implications of 73 +AND 74 +thus correctly held in Pearson that sequencing take place at the court~’s discretion. 75 + 76 +==Contention 3 is Police Effectiveness== 77 + 78 +====Trust in police plays a larger role in reducing crime than deterrence==== 79 +**Tyler et al. 15** 80 +Tom R. Tyler (Yale Law School and Yale University), Phillip Atiba Goff (University of California, Los Angeles), and Robert J. MacCoun (Stanford Law School). "The Impact of Psychological Science on Policing in the United States: Procedural Justice, Legitimacy, and Effective Law Enforcement." Psychological Science in the Public Interest (Volume 16, Number 3). 2 November 2015. http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/publications/policing.html 81 + 82 +In the past few decades, law enforcement has primarily used a deterrence model to 83 +AND 84 +by reporting crimes, identifying criminals, and acting as witnesses during trials. 85 + 86 +====Studies show increased accountability improves police effectiveness==== 87 +**Schwartz 15** 88 +Joanna Schwartz (Law Professor at UCLA); interview with Paul Rosenberg (California-based writer/activist, senior editor for Random Lengths News, and a columnist for Al Jazeera English). "We must make the police pay: When cops go too far, they must feel the pain too." Salon. 9 May 2015. http://www.salon.com/2015/05/09/we_must_make_the_police_pay_when_cops_go_too_far_they_must_feel_the_pain_too/ 89 + 90 +But beyond that issue of strengthening police accountability, there needs to be a much 91 +AND 92 +these horrible events that have been in the media over the past year. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,90 @@ 1 +====The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that presents the best governmental policy option – key to out of round advocacy skills.==== 2 +Nixon 2K (Themba-Nixon, Makani. Executive Director of The Praxis Project, a nonprofit organization helping communities use media and policy advocacy to advance health equity and justice~~, "Changing the Rules: What Public Policy Means for Organizing" Colorlines 3.2, 2000) 3 + 4 +Getting It in 5 +AND 6 +making it so. 7 + 8 +====I value morality, as per the evaluative term, ~’ought~’ in the resolution.==== 9 + 10 + 11 +====The standard is minimizing suffering.==== 12 + 13 + 14 +====We ground our existence through experience. Practical reason is arbitrary, meaning sentience is the only non-arbitrary source of normativity. Pain is universally bad and pleasure is universally good. ==== 15 +Thomas **Nagel ~’86** ~~"The View From Nowhere", 1986~~ //AG 16 +I shall defend 17 +AND 18 +the appearances here. 19 + 20 +==Plan== 21 + 22 +====Plan Text: Countries should prohibit the production of Floating Nuclear Power Plants in the OSPAR region. I reserve the right to clarify anything about the plan in cx.==== 23 + 24 + 25 +====Floating Nuclear Power Plants are specifically bad in the arctic – high risk of accidents and annihilation of marine ecosystems.==== 26 +**KIMO 11 **(KIMO International (Kommunenes Internasjonale Miljøorganisasjon) a local authorities international environmental organization designed to give municipalities a political voice at regional, EU and international level. Greenpeace International is an independent global campaigning organization that acts to change attitudes and behavior, to protect and conserve the environment and to promote peace. "Concerns on Floating and Submerged Nuclear Power Plants," The OSPAR Commission. Deep Sea Research Part B. Oceanographic Literature Review 31.12. 2011. http://www.nuclearpolicy.info/docs/news/KIMO_OSPAR_Sellafield_FNPP.pdf) //WW JA 8/26/16 27 +*** OSPAR is basically the Arctic region. 28 +Recent developments in 29 +AND 30 +OSPAR Maritime region. 31 + 32 +==The Advantage is Environmental Damage== 33 + 34 +===Two Internal Link Scenarios=== 35 + 36 + 37 +====1 – Warming==== 38 + 39 +====We~’re on track to solve warming in the status-quo.==== 40 +**Khomami 16.** Nadia Khomami is a news reporter at the Guardian. She also writes features on music, politics and popular culture. You can follow her on Twitter. , 9-3-2016, "G20 summit: US and China ratify Paris climate change agreement," Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2016/sep/03/g20-summit-obama-to-make-climate-change-announcement-as-may-heads-to-china-live //RS 41 +The US has 42 +AND 43 +later in September." 44 + 45 +====FNPPs erode the Arctic environment.==== 46 +**Nikitin 04** (Alexandr Konstantinovich Nikitin is a retired first rank captain and a former nuclear installations safety inspector for the Russian Ministry of Defense (1987-1992). He is an author of multiple publications concerning the problems of radiation safety in the northern seas. Vladimir Mikhailovich Desyatov is a trained shipbuilding engineer. He has also been a representative of the President of Russia in the Khabarovsk region Igor Victorovich Forofontov is the coordinator of the Greenpeace nuclear campaign in Russia. He graduated from the physics faculty of Leningrad State University. Yevgeney Yakovlevic Simonov is a senior engineer and chief of shift at the Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), a nuclear operator on board the 900 series nuclear submarines and one of the heads of laboratory involved in the technical expert review of NPP project documentation. Ilya Borisovich Kolton was a scientific collaborator in the Kurchatov Institute within the technological-scientific centre of GosAtomNadzor. Alexey Vladimirovich Yablokov is a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science. He is a former environmental adviser to the Russian President and former chairman of the governmental commission on sea-dumping of radioactive wastes. Vladimir Mikhailovich Kuznetsov is a former head (1986-1993) of the Russian Federal Inspectorate for Nuclear and Radiation Safety~’s (GosAtomNadzor) department for supervision and inspection of nuclear and radiation safety at atomic engineering installations. "FLOATING NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN RUSSIA: A THREAT TO THE ARCTIC, WORLD OCEANS AND NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY," Green Cross Russia Third edition Edited and published by "Agenstwo Rakurs Production" Ltd Moscow, 2004 ISBN 2004. http://www.greencross.ch/uploads/media/gc_fnpp_book.pdf) //TruLe 47 +*** IRG – Inert Radioactive Gases*** 48 +When normal operating 49 +AND 50 +a vent pipe. 51 + 52 +====2 – Oil spills==== 53 + 54 +====FNPPs will be used to power oil rigs – the impact is major oil spills and annihilation of marine ecosystems.==== 55 +**Hunziker 15.** (Robert Hunziker. "Drilling and Nuclear Power in the Arctic", Counter Punch, 6-10-2015, http://www.counterpunch.org/2015/06/10/drilling-and-nuclear-power-in-the-arctic/)//DM Accessed 9-8-2016 56 +Not only that, 57 +AND 58 +of U.S. agencies. 59 + 60 +===Impacts=== 61 + 62 +====Arctic oil spills and warming cause planetary extinction – the Arctic is a keystone ecosystem. ==== 63 +WWF 10 (World Wildlife Fund, "Drilling for Oil in the Arctic: Too Soon, Too Risky" 12/1/10, http://assets.worldwildlife.org/publications/393/files/original/Drilling_for_Oil_in_the_Arctic_Too_Soon_Too_Risky.pdf?1345753131)//WL 64 +The Arctic and the subarctic regions surrounding it are important for many reasons. One 65 +AND 66 +of any credible and tested means of responding effectively to a major spill. 67 + 68 +====Deep sea biodiversity loss risks extinction ==== 69 +**Danovaro 8 **~~Professor Roberto Danovaro, Scitizen.Com, February 12, 2008. "Deep-Sea Biodiversity Conservation Needed to Avoid Ecosystem Collapse". http://scitizen.com/stories/Biodiversity/2008/02/Deep-Sea-Biodiversity-Conservation-Needed-to-Avoid-Ecosystem-Collapse/~~ 70 +The exploration of 71 +AND 72 +on the planet. 73 + 74 +====Biodiversity loss and warming destroy Arctic indigenous communities.==== 75 +**Stepien 14** (Adam Stepien is a researcher at the Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Finland. "Arctic Indigenous Peoples, Climate Change Impacts, and Adaptation," E-International Relations. April 10, 2014. http://www.e-ir.info/2014/04/10/arctic-indigenous-peoples-climate-change-impacts-and-adaptation/) //WW JA 8/27/16 76 +Identified impacts are 77 +AND 78 +vector-borne diseases. 79 + 80 +====Russia is shifting to renewables in the status-quo regardless of the plan.==== 81 +**Breyer 15.** Christian Breyer, Professor, 12-30-2015, "Russia can become one of the most energy-competitive areas based on renewables," LUT, http://www.lut.fi/web/en/news/-/asset_publisher/lGh4SAywhcPu/content/russia-can-become-one-of-the-most-energy-competitive-areas-based-on-renewables //RS 82 +A fully renewable 83 +AND 84 +America and Finland. 85 + 86 +====Russian FNPPs are located in seismic hotspots. Earthquake related devastation is inevitable.==== 87 +**Andreyev 11** (Alexandr Konstantinovich Nikitin is a retired first rank captain and a former nuclear installations safety inspector for the Russian Ministry of Defense (1987-1992). He is an author of multiple publications concerning the problems of radiation safety in the northern seas. Leonid Andreyev is a Doctor of Economics and an economics expert for the Bellona Foundation. "Floating nuclear power plants," The Bellona Foundation. 2011. http://bellona.no/assets/sites/4/Floating-nuclear-power-plants.pdf) //WW JA 8/26/16 88 +In terms of 89 +AND 90 +will be unavoidable. - EntryDate
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