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... ... @@ -1,107 +1,0 @@ 1 -=1AC – Arctic FNPP= 2 - 3 -==Framework== 4 - 5 -====The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that presents the best governmental policy option.==== 6 -Nixon 2K (Themba-Nixon, Makani. Executive Director of The Praxis Project, a nonprofit organization helping communities use media and policy advocacy to advance health equity and justice~~, "Changing the Rules: What Public Policy Means for Organizing" Colorlines 3.2, 2000) 7 -Getting It in Writing Much of the work of framing what we stand for takes 8 -... 9 -should be. And then we must be committed to making it so. 10 - 11 -====I value morality, as per the evaluative term, ‘ought’ in the resolution.==== 12 - 13 -====The standard is minimizing suffering.==== 14 - 15 -====We ground our existence through experience. Practical reason is arbitrary, meaning sentience is the only non-arbitrary source of normativity. Pain is universally bad and pleasure is universally good. ==== 16 -Thomas **Nagel ‘86** ~~"The View From Nowhere", 1986~~ //AG 17 -I shall defend the unsurprising claim that sensory pleasure is good and pain bad, 18 -... 19 -such cases. There can be no reason to reject the appearances here. 20 - 21 -==Plan== 22 - 23 -====Plan Text: Countries should prohibit the production of Floating Nuclear Power Plants in the OSPAR region.==== 24 - 25 -====To clarify, that’s just the Arctic Ocean.==== 26 - 27 -====Floating Nuclear Power Plants are specifically bad in the arctic – high risk of accidents and annihilation of marine ecosystems.==== 28 -**KIMO et al 11 **(KIMO International (Kommunenes Internasjonale Miljøorganisasjon) a local authorities international environmental organization designed to give municipalities a political voice at regional, EU and international level. Greenpeace International is an independent global campaigning organization that acts to change attitudes and behavior, to protect and conserve the environment and to promote peace. "Concerns on Floating and Submerged Nuclear Power Plants," The OSPAR Commission. Deep Sea Research Part B. Oceanographic Literature Review 31.12. 2011. http://www.nuclearpolicy.info/docs/news/KIMO'OSPAR'Sellafield'FNPP.pdf) //WW JA 8/26/16 29 -*** OSPAR is basically the Arctic region. 30 -Recent developments in nuclear energy technology 31 -... 32 -requested to consider a ban on their use within the OSPAR Maritime region. 33 - 34 -==The Advantage is Environmental Damage== 35 - 36 -===2 Internal Link Scenarios=== 37 - 38 -====1 - Warmin==== 39 - 40 -====We’re on track to solve warming in the status-quo.==== 41 -**Khomami 9/3.** Nadia Khomami is a news reporter at the Guardian. She also writes features on music, politics and popular culture. You can follow her on Twitter. , 9-3-2016, "G20 summit: US and China ratify Paris climate change agreement," Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2016/sep/03/g20-summit-obama-to-make-climate-change-announcement-as-may-heads-to-china-live //RS 42 -The US has joined China to formally ratify the Paris agreement to curb climate- 43 -... 44 -expect a surge of ratifications around the UN Climate week later in September." 45 - 46 -====FNPPs erode the Arctic environment.==== 47 -**Nikitin et al 04** (Alexandr Konstantinovich Nikitin is a retired first rank captain and a former nuclear installations safety inspector for the Russian Ministry of Defense (1987-1992). He is an author of multiple publications concerning the problems of radiation safety in the northern seas. Vladimir Mikhailovich Desyatov is a trained shipbuilding engineer. He has also been a representative of the President of Russia in the Khabarovsk region Igor Victorovich Forofontov is the coordinator of the Greenpeace nuclear campaign in Russia. He graduated from the physics faculty of Leningrad State University. Yevgeney Yakovlevic Simonov is a senior engineer and chief of shift at the Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), a nuclear operator on board the 900 series nuclear submarines and one of the heads of laboratory involved in the technical expert review of NPP project documentation. Ilya Borisovich Kolton was a scientific collaborator in the Kurchatov Institute within the technological-scientific centre of GosAtomNadzor. Alexey Vladimirovich Yablokov is a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science. He is a former environmental adviser to the Russian President and former chairman of the governmental commission on sea-dumping of radioactive wastes. Vladimir Mikhailovich Kuznetsov is a former head (1986-1993) of the Russian Federal Inspectorate for Nuclear and Radiation Safety’s (GosAtomNadzor) department for supervision and inspection of nuclear and radiation safety at atomic engineering installations. "FLOATING NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN RUSSIA: A THREAT TO THE ARCTIC, WORLD OCEANS AND NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY," Green Cross Russia Third edition Edited and published by "Agenstwo Rakurs Production" Ltd Moscow, 2004 ISBN 2004. http://www.greencross.ch/uploads/media/gc'fnpp'book.pdf) //TruLe 48 -*** IRG – Inert Radioactive Gases*** 49 -When normal operating of NPP the designers 50 -... 51 -as transit through a cavity of a protective shell and a vent pipe. 52 - 53 -====2 – Oil spills==== 54 - 55 -====FNPPs will be used to power oil rigs – the impact is major oil spills and annihilation of marine ecosystems.==== 56 -Robert **Hunziker 15** (Robert Hunziker. "Drilling and Nuclear Power in the Arctic", Counter Punch, 6-10-2015, http://www.counterpunch.org/2015/06/10/drilling-and-nuclear-power-in-the-arctic/)//DM Accessed 9-8-2016 57 -Not only that, but astonishingly, Russia is doubling down on its risky energy 58 -... 59 -to Shell’s response capabilities and to those of U.S. agencies. 60 - 61 -==Impacts== 62 - 63 -====Arctic oil spills and warming cause planetary extinction – the Arctic is a keystone ecosystem. ==== 64 -WWF 10 (World Wildlife Fund, "Drilling for Oil in the Arctic: Too Soon, Too Risky" 12/1/10, http://assets.worldwildlife.org/publications/393/files/original/Drilling'for'Oil'in'the'Arctic'Too'Soon'Too'Risky.pdf?1345753131)//WL 65 -The Arctic and the subarctic regions surrounding it are important for many reasons. One 66 -... 67 -of any credible and tested means of responding effectively to a major spill. 68 - 69 -====Deep sea biodiversity loss risks extinction ==== 70 -**Danovaro 8 **~~Professor Roberto Danovaro, Scitizen.Com, February 12, 2008. "Deep-Sea Biodiversity Conservation Needed to Avoid Ecosystem Collapse". http://scitizen.com/stories/Biodiversity/2008/02/Deep-Sea-Biodiversity-Conservation-Needed-to-Avoid-Ecosystem-Collapse/~~ 71 -The exploration of the abysses of our planet is one of the last frontiers of 72 -... 73 -for the sustainability of the functions of the largest ecosystems on the planet. 74 - 75 -====Biodiversity loss and global warming disproportionately harms minority groups – empirically proven with Arctic indigenous communities==== 76 -**Stepien 14** (Adam Stepien is a researcher at the Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Finland. "Arctic Indigenous Peoples, Climate Change Impacts, and Adaptation," E-International Relations. April 10, 2014. http://www.e-ir.info/2014/04/10/arctic-indigenous-peoples-climate-change-impacts-and-adaptation/) //WW JA 8/27/16 77 -Identified impacts are numerous. Many Arctic indigenous communities are characterized by mixed economic systems 78 -... 79 -the appearance in the North of invasive species and vector-borne diseases. 80 - 81 -====There’s an unquestionable scientific consensus about warming. ==== 82 -**Nuccitelli 16** — Dana Nuccitelli, Climate Writer for the Guardian, Environmental Scientist at Tetra Tech—a private environmental consulting firm, holds an M.A. in Physics from the University of California-Davis and a B.A. in Astrophysics from the University of California-Berkeley, 2016 ("It’s settled: 90–100 of climate experts agree on human-caused global warming," Climate Consensus – The 97—a Guardian blog about climate change, April 13^^th^^, Available Online at https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2016/apr/13/its-settled-90100-of-climate-experts-agree-on-human-caused-global-warming, Accessed 07-15-2016) 83 -There is an overwhelming expert scientific consensus on human-caused global warming. Authors 84 -... 85 -climate scientists, this paper should be the final word on the subject. 86 - 87 -====Russia will transition to renewables – multiple incentives.==== 88 -**Breyer 15.** Christian Breyer, Professor, 12-30-2015, "Russia can become one of the most energy-competitive areas based on renewables," LUT, http://www.lut.fi/web/en/news/-/asset'publisher/lGh4SAywhcPu/content/russia-can-become-one-of-the-most-energy-competitive-areas-based-on-renewables //RS 89 -A fully renewable energy system is achievable and economically viable in Russia and Central Asia 90 -... 91 --East Asia, South-East Asia, South America and Finland. 92 - 93 -==Underview== 94 - 95 -====1. Russia will have operating FNPPs in a month – plan uniquely key now.==== 96 -**Digges 15** (Charles Digges is an author for The Bellona Foundation and has a Bachelor’s and Master’s degree in Russian Literature from Harvard. He is also a journalist for a number of major newspapers and media companies worldwide such as The Moscow Times, the International Herald Tribune, BBC, The Nation and The Amsterdam Volkskraant. "Arctic-hopping Russian Deputy Minister promises floating nuclear plant by next year," The Bellona Foundation. April 23, 2015. http://bellona.org/news/nuclear-issues/nuclear-russia/2015-04-arctic-hopping-russian-deputy-minister-promises-russias-floating-nuclear-plant-next-year) //WW JA 8/27/16 97 -After years of delays and promises, Russia’s first floating nuclear power plant is now 98 -... 99 -not, it could end up as another orphaned, dangerous nuclear installation." 100 - 101 -====2. Ask if I will meet your interp in CX; avoids unnecessary theory- we can work something out; this allows for greater substantive debate which is the only form of education unique to debate – education at school is just soaking in information. Grant me an auto I meet on theory if the interp isn’t checked in cross-ex to discourage non-checking.==== 102 - 103 -====3. Moving away from the state dooms the lefts’ critique to failure - must work within the state without being statist==== 104 -Connolly 8 ~~William, Professor of Political Science at John Hopkins, Capitalism and Christianity, American Style, page numbers are at the bottom of the card.~~ 105 -Before turning to possible strategies to promote these objectives, we need to face an 106 -... 107 -were it to occur, would undermine rather than vitalize democratic culture.29 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,130 +1,0 @@ 1 -=1AC – Arctic FNPP= 2 - 3 - 4 -==Framework== 5 - 6 - 7 -====The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that presents the best governmental policy option – key to out of round advocacy skills.==== 8 -Nixon 2K (Themba-Nixon, Makani. Executive Director of The Praxis Project, a nonprofit organization helping communities use media and policy advocacy to advance health equity and justice~~, "Changing the Rules: What Public Policy Means for Organizing" Colorlines 3.2, 2000) 9 -Getting It in Writing Much of the work of framing what we stand for takes 10 -... 11 -should be. And then we must be committed to making it so. 12 - 13 - 14 -====I value morality, as per the evaluative term, ‘ought’ in the resolution.==== 15 - 16 - 17 -====The standard is minimizing suffering.==== 18 - 19 - 20 -====We ground our existence through experience. Practical reason is arbitrary, meaning sentience is the only non-arbitrary source of normativity. Pain is universally bad and pleasure is universally good. ==== 21 -Thomas **Nagel ‘86** ~~"The View From Nowhere", 1986~~ //AG 22 -I shall defend the unsurprising claim that sensory pleasure is good and pain bad, 23 -... 24 -such cases. There can be no reason to reject the appearances here. 25 - 26 - 27 -==Plan== 28 - 29 - 30 -====Plan Text: Countries should prohibit the production of Floating Nuclear Power Plants in the OSPAR region. I reserve the right to clarify anything about the plan in cx.==== 31 - 32 - 33 -====Floating Nuclear Power Plants are specifically bad in the arctic – high risk of accidents and annihilation of marine ecosystems.==== 34 -**KIMO 11 **(KIMO International (Kommunenes Internasjonale Miljøorganisasjon) a local authorities international environmental organization designed to give municipalities a political voice at regional, EU and international level. Greenpeace International is an independent global campaigning organization that acts to change attitudes and behavior, to protect and conserve the environment and to promote peace. "Concerns on Floating and Submerged Nuclear Power Plants," The OSPAR Commission. Deep Sea Research Part B. Oceanographic Literature Review 31.12. 2011. http://www.nuclearpolicy.info/docs/news/KIMO'OSPAR'Sellafield'FNPP.pdf) //WW JA 8/26/16 35 -*** OSPAR is basically the Arctic region. 36 -Recent developments in nuclear energy technology 37 -... 38 -requested to consider a ban on their use within the OSPAR Maritime region. 39 - 40 - 41 -==The Advantage is Environmental Damage== 42 - 43 - 44 -===Two Internal Link Scenarios=== 45 - 46 - 47 -====1 – Warming==== 48 - 49 - 50 -====We’re on track to solve warming in the status-quo.==== 51 -**Khomami 16.** Nadia Khomami is a news reporter at the Guardian. She also writes features on music, politics and popular culture. You can follow her on Twitter. , 9-3-2016, "G20 summit: US and China ratify Paris climate change agreement," Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2016/sep/03/g20-summit-obama-to-make-climate-change-announcement-as-may-heads-to-china-live //RS 52 -The US has joined China to formally ratify the Paris agreement to curb climate- 53 -... 54 -expect a surge of ratifications around the UN Climate week later in September." 55 - 56 - 57 -====FNPPs erode the Arctic environment.==== 58 -**Nikitin 04** (Alexandr Konstantinovich Nikitin is a retired first rank captain and a former nuclear installations safety inspector for the Russian Ministry of Defense (1987-1992). He is an author of multiple publications concerning the problems of radiation safety in the northern seas. Vladimir Mikhailovich Desyatov is a trained shipbuilding engineer. He has also been a representative of the President of Russia in the Khabarovsk region Igor Victorovich Forofontov is the coordinator of the Greenpeace nuclear campaign in Russia. He graduated from the physics faculty of Leningrad State University. Yevgeney Yakovlevic Simonov is a senior engineer and chief of shift at the Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), a nuclear operator on board the 900 series nuclear submarines and one of the heads of laboratory involved in the technical expert review of NPP project documentation. Ilya Borisovich Kolton was a scientific collaborator in the Kurchatov Institute within the technological-scientific centre of GosAtomNadzor. Alexey Vladimirovich Yablokov is a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science. He is a former environmental adviser to the Russian President and former chairman of the governmental commission on sea-dumping of radioactive wastes. Vladimir Mikhailovich Kuznetsov is a former head (1986-1993) of the Russian Federal Inspectorate for Nuclear and Radiation Safety’s (GosAtomNadzor) department for supervision and inspection of nuclear and radiation safety at atomic engineering installations. "FLOATING NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN RUSSIA: A THREAT TO THE ARCTIC, WORLD OCEANS AND NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY," Green Cross Russia Third edition Edited and published by "Agenstwo Rakurs Production" Ltd Moscow, 2004 ISBN 2004. http://www.greencross.ch/uploads/media/gc'fnpp'book.pdf) //TruLe 59 -*** IRG – Inert Radioactive Gases*** 60 -When normal operating of NPP the designers 61 -... 62 -as transit through a cavity of a protective shell and a vent pipe. 63 - 64 - 65 -====2 – Oil spills==== 66 - 67 - 68 -====FNPPs will be used to power oil rigs – the impact is major oil spills and annihilation of marine ecosystems.==== 69 -**Hunziker 15.** (Robert Hunziker. "Drilling and Nuclear Power in the Arctic", Counter Punch, 6-10-2015, http://www.counterpunch.org/2015/06/10/drilling-and-nuclear-power-in-the-arctic/)//DM Accessed 9-8-2016 70 -Not only that, but astonishingly, Russia is doubling down on its risky energy 71 -... 72 -to Shell’s response capabilities and to those of U.S. agencies. 73 - 74 - 75 -===Impacts=== 76 - 77 - 78 -====Arctic oil spills and warming cause planetary extinction – the Arctic is a keystone ecosystem. ==== 79 -WWF 10 (World Wildlife Fund, "Drilling for Oil in the Arctic: Too Soon, Too Risky" 12/1/10, http://assets.worldwildlife.org/publications/393/files/original/Drilling'for'Oil'in'the'Arctic'Too'Soon'Too'Risky.pdf?1345753131)//WL 80 -The Arctic and the subarctic regions surrounding it are important for many reasons. One 81 -... 82 -of any credible and tested means of responding effectively to a major spill. 83 - 84 - 85 -====Deep sea biodiversity loss risks extinction ==== 86 -**Danovaro 8 **~~Professor Roberto Danovaro, Scitizen.Com, February 12, 2008. "Deep-Sea Biodiversity Conservation Needed to Avoid Ecosystem Collapse". http://scitizen.com/stories/Biodiversity/2008/02/Deep-Sea-Biodiversity-Conservation-Needed-to-Avoid-Ecosystem-Collapse/~~ 87 -The exploration of the abysses of our planet is one of the last frontiers of 88 -... 89 -for the sustainability of the functions of the largest ecosystems on the planet. 90 - 91 - 92 -====Biodiversity loss and warming destroy Arctic indigenous communities.==== 93 -**Stepien 14** (Adam Stepien is a researcher at the Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Finland. "Arctic Indigenous Peoples, Climate Change Impacts, and Adaptation," E-International Relations. April 10, 2014. http://www.e-ir.info/2014/04/10/arctic-indigenous-peoples-climate-change-impacts-and-adaptation/) //WW JA 8/27/16 94 -Identified impacts are numerous. Many Arctic indigenous communities are characterized by mixed economic systems 95 -... 96 -the appearance in the North of invasive species and vector-borne diseases. 97 - 98 - 99 -====Russia is shifting to renewables in the status-quo regardless of the plan.==== 100 -**Breyer 15.** Christian Breyer, Professor, 12-30-2015, "Russia can become one of the most energy-competitive areas based on renewables," LUT, http://www.lut.fi/web/en/news/-/asset'publisher/lGh4SAywhcPu/content/russia-can-become-one-of-the-most-energy-competitive-areas-based-on-renewables //RS 101 -A fully renewable energy system is achievable and economically viable in Russia and Central Asia 102 -... 103 --East Asia, South-East Asia, South America and Finland. 104 - 105 - 106 -====Russian FNPPs are located in seismic hotspots. Earthquake related devastation is inevitable.==== 107 -**Andreyev 11** (Alexandr Konstantinovich Nikitin is a retired first rank captain and a former nuclear installations safety inspector for the Russian Ministry of Defense (1987-1992). He is an author of multiple publications concerning the problems of radiation safety in the northern seas. Leonid Andreyev is a Doctor of Economics and an economics expert for the Bellona Foundation. "Floating nuclear power plants," The Bellona Foundation. 2011. http://bellona.no/assets/sites/4/Floating-nuclear-power-plants.pdf) //WW JA 8/26/16 108 -In terms of extreme impacts caused by natural forces and taking all possible factors into 109 -... 110 -powerful tsunami wave, a nuclear accident with grave consequences will be unavoidable. 111 - 112 - 113 -==U/V== 114 - 115 - 116 -====Give Aff RVIs on T/Theory. A) Strat skew- NC theory is a priori and renders the 1ac useless. They get 6 minutes to respond to a 4 minute 1ar. The neg doesn’t need an RVI because they have twice the rebuttal time. B) Discourages bad theory because debaters won’t run it frivolously if they know they can lose on it. C) No-risk issues hurt education because they provide competitive incentive to kick the shell instead of clashing. Prefer on grounds of reciprocity – I have to defend a policy they should too.==== 117 - 118 - 119 -====Even if my representations aren’t completely accurate- Our framing drives action that’s necessary to resolve problems in the status quo.==== 120 -**Schatz 12** (Jul. 2012. Dr. JL Schatz is a PhD. and professor at Binghamton University. He teaches Media and Politics, Argumentative Theory, and Literature and Technology. "The Importance of Apocalypse: The Value of End-of-the-World Politics While Advancing Ecocriticism" The Journal of Ecocriticism. A peer reviewed journal. http://ojs.unbc.ca/index.php/joe/article/viewFile/394/382) //WW JA 7/14/16 121 -It is no longer a question that human interaction with the world is destroying the 122 -... 123 -either ecological metaphors or environmental reality we only get part of the picture.` 124 - 125 - 126 -====Theories that can’t create material change in the real world are counter-productive and threaten actual solutions to oppression.==== 127 -**Curry 14** (Tommy J. "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century" (2014) Victory Briefs, p. 55-56 Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, Texas AandM) 128 -Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real 129 -... 130 -used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,105 +1,0 @@ 1 -===Part 1 is The Fence=== 2 - 3 - 4 -====Qualified immunity gives the US Border Patrol a shield under which it brutally tortures and kills Mexicans.==== 5 -**Kennis 16.** (Andrew Kennis. Andrew Kennis is an international journalist, a higher education pedagogue and an academic researcher specializing in Digital Journalism Studies, Communication Policy Studies, Global Media, Political Communication, Political Economy and International Communications. Dr. Kennis was recently appointed as a Visiting Assistant Professor at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), where he will teach several courses, including a graduate seminar analyzing the news media and the drug war. He recently completed his third year as an Assistant Professor at the University of Texas, El Paso (UTEP), where he undertook research on and taught courses in journalism studies and practice, global media and the drug war. While publishing peer-reviewed, scholarly research and completing grant-funded studies, Dr. Kennis still continues to practice journalism from many corners of the globe. As a researcher, Dr. Kennis has published in peer review journals ranging across three different disciplines (communications, political science and technology studies). He has won top conference paper awards and presented his work in both the United States and abroad (London, Tokyo, Vancouver and Mexico City). University-level courses Dr. Kennis has designed and taught have included "Multimedia Writing," "Investigative and Public Affairs Reporting," "Digital Media and Globalization," "Global Media, Money and Power," "Media and the Drug War," "Media and Democracy," "Politics and the Media," and other classes in political science, policy studies and society and technology studies. As a journalist, Dr. Kennis has practiced online-based / convergence reporting, investigative and print reporting, citizen journalism, and online-based and traditional radio throughout the last fifteen years. He has reported from locations based in four continents and over twenty countries across the globe, including on-the-scene reporting from the El Paso / Ciudad Juarez border corridor, Brazil, Colombia, Israel and the Occupied Territories, Japan, Venezuela, Taiwan, Guatemala and Mexico. Dr. Kennis served as the border correspondent for teleSUR's English division and has also published in a variety of news sources, including The Christian Science Monitor, Al Jazeera English, teleSUR English, Proceso (Mexico), Time Out, emeequis (Mexico). His work has resulted in invited on-air expert appearances on both live international television and radio broadcasts. "Supreme Court to Decide Fate of Case That Challenges Cross-Border Killings by US Agents". 03/30/16. https://news.vice.com/article/supreme-court-cross-border-killing-patrol-agent-usa-mexico) //TruLe 6 -Sergio Adrián Hernández was a slender 15-year-old boy who loved soccer 7 -... 8 -in light of the pending decision to be taken by the Supreme Court. 9 - 10 - 11 -====The Border Patrol systematically uses the legal system as a tool to hide their violence and to absolve themselves of any responsibility.==== 12 -Bennett 15. Brian Bennett, 6-15-2015, "Border Patrol absolves itself in dozens of cases of lethal force," La Times, http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-border-patrol-shootings-20150615-story.html//AD 13 -A U.S. Border Patrol agent who killed an unarmed 15-year 14 -... 15 -. The official autopsy says Rodriguez was hit eight times in the back. 16 - 17 - 18 -====Qualified Immunity is used to commit racialized genocide at the border.==== 19 -Dunn 01. Dunn, Timothy J. "Border Militarization Via Drug And Immigration enforcement: Human Rights Implications." Social Justice, vol. 28, no. 2 (84), 2001, pp. 7–30. www.jstor.org/stable/29768073.//AD 20 -Military collaboration with the Border Patrol in the U.S.-Mexico border region 21 -... 22 -so will likely fan the mania for border enforcement and endanger human rights. 23 - 24 - 25 -===Part 2 is The Resistance=== 26 - 27 - 28 -====Plan text: The Supreme Court of the United States should limit qualified immunity for Border Patrol Agents. To clarify the Supreme Court should rule in favor of Hernandez in the ongoing Hernandez V. Mesa court case. I reserve the right to clarify in cx.==== 29 - 30 - 31 -====The plan sets a precedent that holds Border Patrol agents accountable.==== 32 -**TNAP 10/21 **(The Tucson News Associated Press frequently writes articles on local and national news related to the Tucson area. "Appeals court considers claim against agent in fatal cross-border shooting," Tucson.com. October 21, 2016. http://tucson.com/news/local/border/appeals-court-considers-claim-against-agent-in-fatal-cross-border/article'fe6f3ae8-97bc-11e6-9d7f-bb001c158b16.html) //WW JA 11/4/16 33 -Allowing a Border Patrol agent to escape trial for shooting a Mexican teen through the 34 -... 35 -no precedent set, freeing the 9th Circuit to reach its own conclusion. 36 - 37 - 38 -====The plan is key to accountability and spills over – we catalyze institutional reform.==== 39 -**De Stefan 16.** (Lindsey De Stefan is a former lawyer for Maceri and da Costa LLC and currently works for Seton Hall Law Review, 2017, " "No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct," Law School Student Scholarship, http://scholarship.shu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1861andamp;context=student'scholarship) //RS 40 -Irrespective of whether there has been an increase in the incidence of brutality or whether 41 -... 42 -step in decreasing the overall incidence of police misconduct in the United States. 43 - 44 - 45 -====They continue:==== 46 -By beginning to mend the qualified immunity doctrine 47 -... 48 -surely be a long path to rebuilding the trust that is so crucial. 49 - 50 - 51 -====Action must be grounded in anti-militarist epistemology – our literal reading of this aff is key to rupture dominant nationalist framing of the border.==== 52 -**Chávez 12** (Karma R. Chávez is an associate professor of rhetoric, politics, and culture at University of Wisconsin-Madison. Ph.D. Arizona State University, 2007. M.A. University of Alabama, 2003. M.A. University of Alabama, 2002. "Border Interventions: The need to Shift from a Rhetoric of Security to a Rhetoric of Militarization," 2012) //JA 11/24/15 53 -Scholars of rhetoric and performance have opened important terrains in the study of immigration and 54 -... 55 -are conflated, similarly to how undocumented migration and drug trafficking were conflated. 56 - 57 - 58 -====Anti-militarist knowledge production precedes T/Theory:==== 59 - 60 - 61 -====1~~ Militarism controls education – it has seeped into the debate space and corrupted our epistemology.==== 62 - 63 - 64 -====2~~ The 1AC appeals to social fairness i.e. the inclusion of minorities in political discourse – outweighs any trivial versions of fairness in the game of debate.==== 65 - 66 - 67 -====3~~ No impact to theory – people won’t stop being abusive after this round, but the classroom should be a focal point of resistance – militarism manifests itself in the debate space by silencing deviant viewpoints and rigorously conditioning students to accept the culture of war.==== 68 - 69 - 70 -===Part 3 is The Mechanism=== 71 - 72 - 73 -====The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that best ruptures the ideology of militarization that has infected the public sphere. Resistance to the police state is a prior question. ==== 74 -**Giroux 04.** (Henry A. Giroux is an American and Canadian scholar and cultural critic. One of the founding theorists of critical pedagogy in the United States, he is best known for his pioneering work in public pedagogy, cultural studies, youth studies, higher education, media studies, and critical theory. "War on Terror The Militarising of Public Space and Culture in the United States", Third Text, Vol. 18, Issue 4, 2004. http://www.henryagiroux.com/online'articles/Third20Text202004-war20on20terror.pdf) //JA 11/26/15 75 -As militarisation spreads its influence both at home and abroad, a culture of fear 76 -... 77 -which a democratic future both at home and abroad stands in the balance. 78 - 79 - 80 -====Debates over qualified immunity require a focus on consequences.==== 81 -**Chen 97.** Alan Chen is a leading national expert in free speech doctrine and theory, 1997, " THE BURDENS OF QUALIFIED IMMUNITY: SUMMARY JUDGMENT AND THE ROLE OF FACTS IN CONSTITUTIONAL TORT LAW," The American University Law Review, http://www.americanuniversitylawreview.org/pdfs/47/47-1/chen.pdf //RS 82 -In the modem constitutional era, the Court defines the scope of substantive constitutional law 83 -... 84 -decisionmaker determines the outcome by evaluating which interest or value is "weightier." 85 - 86 - 87 -====Pure critique is useless without concrete solutions and moving away from the state dooms the left’s critique to failure – must work within the state without being statist==== 88 -**Connolly 08.** (William, Professor of Political Science at John Hopkins, Capitalism and Christianity, American Style, page numbers are at the bottom of the card.) 89 -Before turning to possible strategies to promote these objectives, we need to face an 90 -... 91 -were it to occur, would undermine rather than vitalize democratic culture.29 92 - 93 - 94 -====Inequality creates flawed epistemic conclusions, making normative decision making impossible.==== 95 -**Medina 11.** Medina, J. (2011). Toward a Foucaultian Epistemology of Resistance: Counter-Memory, Epistemic Friction, and Guerrilla Pluralism. Foucault Studies, 1(12), 9–35 96 -Foucault invites us to pay attention to the past and ongoing epistemic battles among competing 97 -... 98 -until past epistemic battles are reopened and established frameworks become open to contestation. 99 - 100 - 101 -====Particularism is good—root cause claims and focus on overarching structures ignore application to material injustice.==== 102 -Gregory Fernando Pappas 16 ~~Texas AandM University~~ "The Pragmatists’ Approach to Injustice", The Pluralist Volume 11, Number 1, Spring 2016, BE 103 -The pragmatists’ approach should be distinguished from nonideal theories whose starting point seems to be 104 -... 105 -in making us see aspects of injustices we would not otherwise appreciate.15 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,107 @@ 1 +=1AC – Arctic FNPP= 2 + 3 +==Framework== 4 + 5 +====The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that presents the best governmental policy option.==== 6 +Nixon 2K (Themba-Nixon, Makani. Executive Director of The Praxis Project, a nonprofit organization helping communities use media and policy advocacy to advance health equity and justice~~, "Changing the Rules: What Public Policy Means for Organizing" Colorlines 3.2, 2000) 7 +Getting It in Writing Much of the work of framing what we stand for takes 8 +... 9 +should be. And then we must be committed to making it so. 10 + 11 +====I value morality, as per the evaluative term, ‘ought’ in the resolution.==== 12 + 13 +====The standard is minimizing suffering.==== 14 + 15 +====We ground our existence through experience. Practical reason is arbitrary, meaning sentience is the only non-arbitrary source of normativity. Pain is universally bad and pleasure is universally good. ==== 16 +Thomas **Nagel ‘86** ~~"The View From Nowhere", 1986~~ //AG 17 +I shall defend the unsurprising claim that sensory pleasure is good and pain bad, 18 +... 19 +such cases. There can be no reason to reject the appearances here. 20 + 21 +==Plan== 22 + 23 +====Plan Text: Countries should prohibit the production of Floating Nuclear Power Plants in the OSPAR region.==== 24 + 25 +====To clarify, that’s just the Arctic Ocean.==== 26 + 27 +====Floating Nuclear Power Plants are specifically bad in the arctic – high risk of accidents and annihilation of marine ecosystems.==== 28 +**KIMO et al 11 **(KIMO International (Kommunenes Internasjonale Miljøorganisasjon) a local authorities international environmental organization designed to give municipalities a political voice at regional, EU and international level. Greenpeace International is an independent global campaigning organization that acts to change attitudes and behavior, to protect and conserve the environment and to promote peace. "Concerns on Floating and Submerged Nuclear Power Plants," The OSPAR Commission. Deep Sea Research Part B. Oceanographic Literature Review 31.12. 2011. http://www.nuclearpolicy.info/docs/news/KIMO'OSPAR'Sellafield'FNPP.pdf) //WW JA 8/26/16 29 +*** OSPAR is basically the Arctic region. 30 +Recent developments in nuclear energy technology 31 +... 32 +requested to consider a ban on their use within the OSPAR Maritime region. 33 + 34 +==The Advantage is Environmental Damage== 35 + 36 +===2 Internal Link Scenarios=== 37 + 38 +====1 - Warmin==== 39 + 40 +====We’re on track to solve warming in the status-quo.==== 41 +**Khomami 9/3.** Nadia Khomami is a news reporter at the Guardian. She also writes features on music, politics and popular culture. You can follow her on Twitter. , 9-3-2016, "G20 summit: US and China ratify Paris climate change agreement," Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2016/sep/03/g20-summit-obama-to-make-climate-change-announcement-as-may-heads-to-china-live //RS 42 +The US has joined China to formally ratify the Paris agreement to curb climate- 43 +... 44 +expect a surge of ratifications around the UN Climate week later in September." 45 + 46 +====FNPPs erode the Arctic environment.==== 47 +**Nikitin et al 04** (Alexandr Konstantinovich Nikitin is a retired first rank captain and a former nuclear installations safety inspector for the Russian Ministry of Defense (1987-1992). He is an author of multiple publications concerning the problems of radiation safety in the northern seas. Vladimir Mikhailovich Desyatov is a trained shipbuilding engineer. He has also been a representative of the President of Russia in the Khabarovsk region Igor Victorovich Forofontov is the coordinator of the Greenpeace nuclear campaign in Russia. He graduated from the physics faculty of Leningrad State University. Yevgeney Yakovlevic Simonov is a senior engineer and chief of shift at the Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), a nuclear operator on board the 900 series nuclear submarines and one of the heads of laboratory involved in the technical expert review of NPP project documentation. Ilya Borisovich Kolton was a scientific collaborator in the Kurchatov Institute within the technological-scientific centre of GosAtomNadzor. Alexey Vladimirovich Yablokov is a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science. He is a former environmental adviser to the Russian President and former chairman of the governmental commission on sea-dumping of radioactive wastes. Vladimir Mikhailovich Kuznetsov is a former head (1986-1993) of the Russian Federal Inspectorate for Nuclear and Radiation Safety’s (GosAtomNadzor) department for supervision and inspection of nuclear and radiation safety at atomic engineering installations. "FLOATING NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN RUSSIA: A THREAT TO THE ARCTIC, WORLD OCEANS AND NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY," Green Cross Russia Third edition Edited and published by "Agenstwo Rakurs Production" Ltd Moscow, 2004 ISBN 2004. http://www.greencross.ch/uploads/media/gc'fnpp'book.pdf) //TruLe 48 +*** IRG – Inert Radioactive Gases*** 49 +When normal operating of NPP the designers 50 +... 51 +as transit through a cavity of a protective shell and a vent pipe. 52 + 53 +====2 – Oil spills==== 54 + 55 +====FNPPs will be used to power oil rigs – the impact is major oil spills and annihilation of marine ecosystems.==== 56 +Robert **Hunziker 15** (Robert Hunziker. "Drilling and Nuclear Power in the Arctic", Counter Punch, 6-10-2015, http://www.counterpunch.org/2015/06/10/drilling-and-nuclear-power-in-the-arctic/)//DM Accessed 9-8-2016 57 +Not only that, but astonishingly, Russia is doubling down on its risky energy 58 +... 59 +to Shell’s response capabilities and to those of U.S. agencies. 60 + 61 +==Impacts== 62 + 63 +====Arctic oil spills and warming cause planetary extinction – the Arctic is a keystone ecosystem. ==== 64 +WWF 10 (World Wildlife Fund, "Drilling for Oil in the Arctic: Too Soon, Too Risky" 12/1/10, http://assets.worldwildlife.org/publications/393/files/original/Drilling'for'Oil'in'the'Arctic'Too'Soon'Too'Risky.pdf?1345753131)//WL 65 +The Arctic and the subarctic regions surrounding it are important for many reasons. One 66 +... 67 +of any credible and tested means of responding effectively to a major spill. 68 + 69 +====Deep sea biodiversity loss risks extinction ==== 70 +**Danovaro 8 **~~Professor Roberto Danovaro, Scitizen.Com, February 12, 2008. "Deep-Sea Biodiversity Conservation Needed to Avoid Ecosystem Collapse". http://scitizen.com/stories/Biodiversity/2008/02/Deep-Sea-Biodiversity-Conservation-Needed-to-Avoid-Ecosystem-Collapse/~~ 71 +The exploration of the abysses of our planet is one of the last frontiers of 72 +... 73 +for the sustainability of the functions of the largest ecosystems on the planet. 74 + 75 +====Biodiversity loss and global warming disproportionately harms minority groups – empirically proven with Arctic indigenous communities==== 76 +**Stepien 14** (Adam Stepien is a researcher at the Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Finland. "Arctic Indigenous Peoples, Climate Change Impacts, and Adaptation," E-International Relations. April 10, 2014. http://www.e-ir.info/2014/04/10/arctic-indigenous-peoples-climate-change-impacts-and-adaptation/) //WW JA 8/27/16 77 +Identified impacts are numerous. Many Arctic indigenous communities are characterized by mixed economic systems 78 +... 79 +the appearance in the North of invasive species and vector-borne diseases. 80 + 81 +====There’s an unquestionable scientific consensus about warming. ==== 82 +**Nuccitelli 16** — Dana Nuccitelli, Climate Writer for the Guardian, Environmental Scientist at Tetra Tech—a private environmental consulting firm, holds an M.A. in Physics from the University of California-Davis and a B.A. in Astrophysics from the University of California-Berkeley, 2016 ("It’s settled: 90–100 of climate experts agree on human-caused global warming," Climate Consensus – The 97—a Guardian blog about climate change, April 13^^th^^, Available Online at https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2016/apr/13/its-settled-90100-of-climate-experts-agree-on-human-caused-global-warming, Accessed 07-15-2016) 83 +There is an overwhelming expert scientific consensus on human-caused global warming. Authors 84 +... 85 +climate scientists, this paper should be the final word on the subject. 86 + 87 +====Russia will transition to renewables – multiple incentives.==== 88 +**Breyer 15.** Christian Breyer, Professor, 12-30-2015, "Russia can become one of the most energy-competitive areas based on renewables," LUT, http://www.lut.fi/web/en/news/-/asset'publisher/lGh4SAywhcPu/content/russia-can-become-one-of-the-most-energy-competitive-areas-based-on-renewables //RS 89 +A fully renewable energy system is achievable and economically viable in Russia and Central Asia 90 +... 91 +-East Asia, South-East Asia, South America and Finland. 92 + 93 +==Underview== 94 + 95 +====1. Russia will have operating FNPPs in a month – plan uniquely key now.==== 96 +**Digges 15** (Charles Digges is an author for The Bellona Foundation and has a Bachelor’s and Master’s degree in Russian Literature from Harvard. He is also a journalist for a number of major newspapers and media companies worldwide such as The Moscow Times, the International Herald Tribune, BBC, The Nation and The Amsterdam Volkskraant. "Arctic-hopping Russian Deputy Minister promises floating nuclear plant by next year," The Bellona Foundation. April 23, 2015. http://bellona.org/news/nuclear-issues/nuclear-russia/2015-04-arctic-hopping-russian-deputy-minister-promises-russias-floating-nuclear-plant-next-year) //WW JA 8/27/16 97 +After years of delays and promises, Russia’s first floating nuclear power plant is now 98 +... 99 +not, it could end up as another orphaned, dangerous nuclear installation." 100 + 101 +====2. Ask if I will meet your interp in CX; avoids unnecessary theory- we can work something out; this allows for greater substantive debate which is the only form of education unique to debate – education at school is just soaking in information. Grant me an auto I meet on theory if the interp isn’t checked in cross-ex to discourage non-checking.==== 102 + 103 +====3. Moving away from the state dooms the lefts’ critique to failure - must work within the state without being statist==== 104 +Connolly 8 ~~William, Professor of Political Science at John Hopkins, Capitalism and Christianity, American Style, page numbers are at the bottom of the card.~~ 105 +Before turning to possible strategies to promote these objectives, we need to face an 106 +... 107 +were it to occur, would undermine rather than vitalize democratic culture.29 - EntryDate
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