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-==Framework == |
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-====First, ideal moral theories can't guide action because they don't account for oppression or injustice that occurs in the real world. ==== |
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-Mills writes ~~C. W. (2009), Rawls on Race/Race in Rawls. The Southern Journal of Philosophy. Charles W. Mills is John Evans Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy at Northwestern University~~ |
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-Now how can this ideal ideal—a society not merely without a past history |
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-to have been of much help when and if it ever did arrive. |
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-====And, attempting to reach ethical conclusions from the standpoint of the oppressor results in ethics that exclude oppressed groups and serve to justify that actions of the oppressors. Starting with the oppressed is only way we can legitimize our actions, or else we will never know if we are reinforcing oppression. ==== |
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-Kellner writes ~~Douglas Kellner is the George Kneller Chair in the Philosophy of Education in the Graduate School of Education and Information Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles. "Critical Theory, Poststructuralism, and the Philosophy of Liberation" Undated~~ |
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-"This passage strikes me as providing a useful opening to discuss the relationship between |
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-subjectivity itself as an imperialist attempt of the subject to dominate the world." |
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-====The debate space is a representation of the Master and Mousetraps that must be discursively broken down via analysis and criticism, therefor==== |
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-====The ROTB is to endorse the debater who best deconstructs hegemonic hypermasculinity within knowledge production and perspectivity ==== |
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-**Spaulding 13** (Christina is a graduate from Berkeley with a focus on gender and justice) "Anti-Pornography Laws as a Claim for Equal Respect: Feminism, Leberalism" Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law and Justice Volume 4 Issue 1 September 2013 http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1024andcontext=bglj //AG |
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-MacKinnon argues that the invisibility of male dominance is itself a function of power, |
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-the likely effect of these factors on a jury's determination of the issue." |
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-==NC== |
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-====The aff's advocacy is inherently male—by their engagement in reformist politics they construct a "change" in the system that still functions under the patriarchal structures and does nothing but relegitimize laws that are disempowering to feminine bodies. ==== |
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-**MacKinnon 1** (Catherine A. is an American radical feminist, scholar, lawyer, teacher and activist from Yale University) "Feminism, Marxism, Method, and the State: Toward Feminist Jurisprudence" Vol. 8 No. 4 1983. The University of Chicago Press http://www.feministes-radicales.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Catharine-MacKinnon-Feminism-Marxism-Method-and-the-State-toward-feminist-jurisprudence-Copie.pdf //AG |
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-A · jurisprudence is a theory of the relation between life ; and law. |
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-the support of positive law, nothing constitutional can be done about it. |
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-====The affirmative's endorsement of the first amendment papers over and obscures the harassment and abuse women disproportionately experience as a result of "free speech." ==== |
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-**Franks 2014(Mary Ann Franks, Professor of Law at Miami University, Legislative andTech Policy Director, Cyber Civil Rights Institute, "Free Speech Elitism: Harassment Is Not the Price 'We' Pay for Free Speech", 03/25/14, **http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mary-anne-franks/harassment-free-speech-women_b_4640459.html**, July 29, 2015)** |
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-Many thoughtful and provocative conversations about online harassment have emerged lately, particularly in the |
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-. It is a psychic tax imposed on those least able to pay." |
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-====Specifically, ordinances against pornography are deemed unconstitutional on the basis of first amendment rights ==== |
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-**Spaulding 13** (Christina is a graduate from Berkeley with a focus on gender and justice) "Anti-Pornography Laws as a Claim for Equal Respect: Feminism, Leberalism" Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law and Justice Volume 4 Issue 1 September 2013 http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1024andcontext=bglj //AG |
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-The limitations of existing doctrinal categories became explicit in American Booksellers Ass'n, Inc. |
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-in the ordinance was a form of "low value" speech.' |
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-====Pornography reinforces a cultural of male-dominant sexuality and normalizes sexual violence – turns case==== |
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-Jensen and Okrina 4. Robert Jensen ~~Professor in the School of Journalism at the University of Texas, a founding board member of the Third Coast Activist Resource Center, and a member of the board of Culture Reframed.~~, Debbie Okrina ~~Member of VAWnet – staff writer~~, "Pornography and Sexual Violence", National Resource Center on Domestic Violence |
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-Commercial pornography in the United States is at the same time increasingly more normalized and |
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-and anti-pornography movements have been at the forefront of that task. |
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-====It constructs the groundwork for speech that can exist—it is the constraint that renders "no" "yes" and understanding it is a prerequisite to any form of speech ==== |
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-**Langton** (Rae Helen is an Australian and British professor of philosophy in the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Cambridge, and taught previously at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Edinburgh, and Monash University) "Speech Acts and Unspeakable Acts" 1993 MIT http://web.mit.edu/langton/www/pubs/SpeechActs.pdf //AG |
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-But we have seen that there is the possibility of a different kind of silence |
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-. This is speech that determines the kind of speech there can be. |
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-====The first impact is a hegemonic state that continually reproduces structural violence as a "natural" occurrence==== |
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-**Repo 06** ~~Jemima repo, University of Helsinki Department of Political Science World Politics Master's Thesis; "GENDERING THE MILITARISATION OF THE WAR ON TERRORISM: Discourses and Representations of Masculinities and Femininities" September 2006 http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/val/yleis/pg/repo/genderin.pdf~~ |
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-Feminist theory identifies international politics from its realist roots essentially as a masculine- |
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-stand in the sidelines of battle as reminders of national cause and virtue. |
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-====Masculine lenses make extinction inevitable ==== |
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-**Clark 4**—French Cumbie Professor of Conflict Resolution at George Mason University (Mary E, Rhetoric, Patriarchy and War: Explaining the Dangers of "Leadership" in Mass Culture, Women and Language. Urbana: Fall 2004. Vol. 27, Iss. 2; pg. 21, 8 pgs, ProQuest, AMiles) |
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-Today's Western patriarchal world view now dominates globalwide dialogue among the "leaders" of Earth's nearly two hundred nation-states. Its Machiavellian/Realpolitik assumptions about the necessity of' military power to preserve order within and between groups of humans trumps—and stifles—other potential viewpoints. Founded on the belief that "evil" is innate, it dictates that human conflict must be "controlled": global "law" backed by coercive force. This view, when cross-culturally imposed, becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy, thus "legitimating" an escalating use of force. Western leaders (male and female) use a rhetoric couched in a "hegemonic masculinity" to justify their ready use of military force to coerce "those who are against us" into compliance. This translates globally as "national leaders must never lose facet!" Changing this dominant paradigm requires dismantling the hierarchic hegemony of masculine militarism and its related economic institutions, through global cross-cultural dialogues, thus replacing a hegemonic world view and institutions with new, more adaptive visions, woven out of the most useful remnants of multiple past cultural stories. The paper concludes with a few examples where people around the worm are doing just this—using their own small voices to insert their local "sacred social story" into the global dialogue. This global process—free from a hegemonic militaristic rhetoric—has the potential to initiate a planetary dialogue where "boundaries" are no longer borders to be defended, but sites of social ferment and creative adaptation. When the call came for papers on War, Language, and Gender, referring us to Carol Cohn's seminal paper "Sex and Death in the Rational World of Defense Intellectuals," (1) I at first felt that little more could be added on the subject. But events in Washington in the ensuing weeks stimulated me to a broader "take" on this topic. Defense intellectuals, after all, are embedded in a whole culture, and the interaction is two-way. Not only does their strategic framework with its euphemistic language about war and killing have the outcome of forcing society to think in their terms; their framework and language developed in response to our deeply embedded, Western cultural image of a Machiavellian / neo-Darwinian universe. In other words, militarism and the necessity for organized physical force (2) emerge out of culturewide assumptions about human nature. Throughout historical times these assumptions have repeatedly proved to be self-fulfilling prophecies. The pervasive perception of enemy-competitors has generated violent conflicts that flared up and died back, only to flare up again through our failure to achieve deep resolution and, especially, to alter our basic beliefs about human nature and our consequent social institutions. Today our species, politically, comprises some 180190 "nations" of varying cultural homogeneity and moral legitimacy, not to mention size and physical power. Regardless of their indigenous, internal cultural preferences, their cross-national interactions are institutionalized to fit a framework long established by former Western colonial powers among themselves. In other words, the global "reality" constructed by Western patriarchies-a Realpolitik, ultimately grounded in military power-has come to define day-to-day cross-national politics. During the era of the Cold War, this resulted in small, powerless nations seeking alliances with one or other superpower, which offered not only development aid but military protection, and, for locally unpopular, but "cooperating" leaders, small arms to maintain order at home. The "end" of the Cold War brought little change in this pervasive global militarism (though it did strengthen the role of economic hegemony by the remaining superpower (3)). The enormous technological "improvements"-i.e. efficiency in killing power-in weaponry of all types over the past few decades has now resulted in a dangerously over-armed planet that simultaneously faces a desperate shortage of resources available for providing the world's people with water, energy, health care, education, and the infrastructure for distributing them. While our environmental and social overheads continue to mount, our species seems immobilized, trapped in an institutionalized militarism-an evolutionary cul-de-sac! We need new insights-as Cohn said, a new language, a new set of metaphors, a new mental framework-for thinking, dialoguing and visioning new patterns of intersocietal interaction. |
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-====Thus I advocate public colleges and universities should ban the public exhibition of pornography. ==== |
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-**Gilkerson** (Luke is a Covenant Eye's Educational Resource Manager and has a BA in Philosophy and Religious Studies and an MA in Religion) "Porn 101: College Campuses Using Porn in the Classroom" Covenant Eyes October 31 2008 http://www.covenanteyes.com/2008/10/31/porn-101-college-campuses-using-porn-in-the-classroom/ //AG |
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-"So you Want to Teach Porn" Some professors and educators feel that in |
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-conjoined, and that this imagery is a big part of that loneliness. |
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-====The negative allows for a re-interpretation of the constitution allowing us to envision realities that are separate but within the intricacies of traditional doctrine—means the negative will always be a prerequisite to action ==== |
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-**Spaulding 13** (Christina is a graduate from Berkeley with a focus on gender and justice) "Anti-Pornography Laws as a Claim for Equal Respect: Feminism, Leberalism" Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law and Justice Volume 4 Issue 1 September 2013 http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1024andcontext=bglj //AG |
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-Although it may be argued that the tools of traditional political theory are themselves too |
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-to reinterpret and reshape present doctrine, building from its theoretical foundations up. |
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-====College is the backbone of the porn industry, supported and maintained by administration ==== |
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-Leaky 9 (Michael Leahy is the author of Porn Nation and is a writer for Spero, a global news organization) "Academia promoting Hard-Core Porn on Campus" April 15, 2009 Spero News http://www.speroforum.com/a/18892/Academia-promoting-HardCore-Porn-on-campus~~#.WFMTudUrK9g //AG |
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-College students across the U.S. have been watching porn. More specifically |
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-on how we view ourselves and act toward others in relationships is undeniable." |
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-====Stripping porn of its authority is a necessary starting place—-the neginstigates a change that opens up space for conflicting voices ==== |
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-**Langton** (Rae Helen is an Australian and British professor of philosophy in the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Cambridge, and taught previously at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Edinburgh, and Monash University) "Speech Acts and Unspeakable Acts" 1993 MIT http://web.mit.edu/langton/www/pubs/SpeechActs.pdf //AG |
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-What we have not yet considered, however, is whether speech that subordinates should |
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-more speech depends on whether, and to what extent women can speak. |