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+==1NC == |
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+===ROB/Framing === |
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+ |
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+====The Role of the Judge is to be a critical educator focusing on the liberation of the oppressed ==== |
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+**Giroux 06** ~~Henry Giroux, American scholar and cultural critic, "America on the Edge: Henry Giro ux on Politics, Culture, and Education," Springer, March 31, 2006~~ JW |
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+Educators at all levels need to challenge the assumption that politics is dead, or |
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+AND |
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+that severely limit the creative, ethical, and liberatory potential of education. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====The Role of the Ballot is to endorse the best methodology to liberate oppressed groups ==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Debate should deal with questions of real-world consequences—ideal theories ignore the concrete nature of the world and legitimize oppression^^====^^ |
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+**Curry 14 **~~Tommy J. Curry, Professor of Philosophy @ Texas AandM, "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century," 2014~~ |
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+Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real |
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+AND |
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+economic structures which necessitate tangible policies and reorienting changes in our value orientations. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+==== ==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+===Link – Developing Countries === |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Nuclear energy, not renewables, is the best source of energy for developing countries. Solves intermittency problem and provides energy security and sovereignty. ==== |
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+**Chowdhury 12** ~~Navid Chowdhury, "Nuclear Energy For Developing Countries," Submitted as coursework for PH241, Stanford University, Winter 2012, http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2012/ph241/chowdhury1/~~ JW |
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+Introduction Access to energy is regarded as the basic requirement for economic growth. And |
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+AND |
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+dependence on fossil fuel would remove Bangladesh from such obligations set by IMF. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Big energy companies explicitly target developing countries in their marketing and expansions. Expanding use of fossil fuels will have devastating consequences for these countries ==== |
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+**Klare 14** ~~Michael Klare, professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College, "Big Oil Won't Let the Developing World Kick the Habit," Mother Jones, May 27, 2014, http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2014/05/big-energy-developing-country-oil-exxon-coal~~ JW |
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+The fossil fuel companies—producers of oil, coal, and natural gas— |
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+AND |
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+rise... This demand increase is expected to be concentrated in developing countries." |
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+ |
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+ |
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+===Link – Emission Goals === |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Nuclear power is key for developing countries to meet emissions goals ==== |
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+**NEI 2K** ~~National Energy Institute, "Nuclear Energy Key for Developing Nations To Meet Carbon Reduction Goals," November 17, 2000, http://www.nei.org/News-Media/Media-Room/News-Releases/Nuclear-Energy-Key-for-Developing-Nations-To-Meet~~ JW |
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+Developing countries will have difficulty reaching international emission reduction targets to combat the threat of |
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+AND |
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+targets, one of which is to include the use of nuclear energy. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+=== Impact – Imperialism === |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====To deny these countries the ability to pursue energy to meet growing demands and meet climate change goals is to affirm the self-serving logic that permits affluent lives in the developed world and destitute lives in the developing one ==== |
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+**Saran 15** ~~Shyam Saran, former foreign secretary of India, "Paris climate talks: Developed countries must do more than reduce emissions," The Guardian, November 23, 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/nov/23/paris-climate-talks-developed-countries-must-do-more-than-reduce-emissions~~ JW |
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+If developed countries do not make significant and absolute reductions in their emissions there will |
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+AND |
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+promoting renewable power and limiting waste within the limits of their own resources. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Imperialism is the root cause of global capitalist exploitation – imperialism makes exploitation by global elites inevitable. ==== |
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+**Lotta '13** Raymond Lotta - revolutionary intellectual who takes as his foundation Bob Avakian's new synthesis on revolution and communism. He has written extensively on China during and after the Cultural Revolution. "On the "Driving Force of Anarchy" and the Dynamics of Change |
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+A Sharp Debate and Urgent Polemic: The Struggle for a Radically Different World and the Struggle for a Scientific Approach to Reality." Revolution Newspaper. November 4, 2013. http://revcom.us/a/322/on-the-driving-force-of-anarchy-and-the-dynamics-of-change-en.html |
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+The understanding of the primacy of the "driving force of anarchy" was further |
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+AND |
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+human society into classes, and to create a world community of humanity. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+===Alt – Policy === |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====The alternative is to allow free will in pursuing nuclear energy and implementing an international nuclear fuel bank. New reactor designs solve cost and the fuel bank solves prolif concerns. ==== |
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+**Pontin 7** ~~Mark Williams Pontin, "Nuclear Energy for the Developing World," MIT Technology Review, February 27, 2007, https://www.technologyreview.com/s/407373/nuclear-energy-for-the-developing-world/~~ JW |
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+In fact, gen-III reactors like the ESBWR do seem to possess the |
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+AND |
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+reprocessing capabilities. I'm particularly concerned about centrifuge enrichment as a proliferation challenge." |
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+ |
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+=2-off = |
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+====Nuclear power is resolving emissions now- models show it prevents almost half of the CO2 necessary to stop runaway warming. ==== |
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+Kharecha and Hansen 13, Pushker A. Kharecha* and James E. Hansen NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University Earth Institute, "Prevented Mortality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Historical and Projected Nuclear Power," American Chemical Society, Environmental Science and Technology, 2013 |
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+We calculate that world nuclear power generation prevented an average of 64 gigatonnes of CO2 |
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+AND |
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+efficiency improvements and renewables, in the near-term global energy supply. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Climate change disproportionately affects people of color and causes extinction. ==== |
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+Pellow 12 |
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+**David Naguib Pellow 12, Ph.D. Professor, Don Martindale Endowed Chair – University of Minnesota, "Climate Disruption in the Global South and in African American Communities: Key Issues, Frameworks, and Possibilities for Climate Justice," February 2012, http://www.jointcenter.org/sites/default/files/upload/research/files/White_Paper_Climate_Disruption_final.pdf** |
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+It is now known unequivocally that significant warming of the atmosphere is occurring, coinciding |
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+AND |
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+must reduce our emissions and consumption here at home in the global North. |
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+ |
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+=3-off= |
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+====CP Text: All relevant aff actors should dismantle their nuclear weapon arsenals ==== |
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+**UNESCO 01** ~~United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, "Making the World Safe," 2001, http://www.unesco.org/education/tlsf/mods/theme_a/interact/www.worldgame.org/wwwproject/what17.shtml~~ JW |
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+Preferred State: Nuclear weapon free world for 100 of humanity Problem State: |
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+AND |
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+this report need to be implemented for peace to have a sustainable chance. |
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+ |
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+====Solves the entirety of the aff: we resolve the root cause of militarism by getting rid of all nuclear weapons. Also our strength of link to the culture of militarism is stronger since we establish a moral order that unequivocally condemns the tools of militarism. ==== |
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+=Case = |
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+===Impact Turns === |
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+====T/ Allowing democratic nations to have access to nuclear weapons is key to checking back other rogue states that are already in the process of becoming nuclear powers ==== |
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+**Carpenter 04** ~~Ted Galen Carpenter, senior fellow for defense and foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute, "Not All Forms of Nuclear Proliferation Are Equally Bad," CATO Institute, November 21, 2004, http://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/not-all-forms-nuclear-proliferation-are-equally-bad~~ JW |
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+That attitude misconstrues the probl em. A threat to the peace may exist if |
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+AND |
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+delay, not prevent, such states from joining the nuclear weapons club. |