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+==GBTL K == |
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+====Banning nuclear power is a form of imperial paternalism ==== |
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+**Jefferies 08** ~~Sierra M. Jefferies, J.D. candidate, "ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE AND THE SKULL VALLEY GOSHUTE INDIANS' PROPOSAL TO STORE NUCLEAR WASTE," Journal of Land, Resources and Environmental Law, 2008~~ JW |
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+Second, opposition to the Band's attempt to make use of its land seems to |
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+AND |
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+, a casino, two ski lifts, forestry resources and a sawmill m98 |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Internal colonialism posits the United States as the master while subjugating indigenous people==== |
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+**Byrd 11 **~~Jodi A. Byrd, Associate Professor of English, American Indian Studies, and Gender and Women's Studies at U of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, "Introduction: Indigenous Critical Theory and the Diminishing Returns of Civilization," University of Minnesota Press, 2011~~ JW |
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+In this chapter, I am particularly interested in how the idea of "internal |
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+AND |
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+make internal once and for all that which is external: native space. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Colonialism causes indigenous peoples to be structurally placed in a space of social death where agency is separate from their existence==== |
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+**Byrd 11 **~~Jodi A. Byrd, Associate Professor of English, American Indian Studies, and Gender and Women's Studies at U of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, "Introduction: Indigenous Critical Theory and the Diminishing Returns of Civilization," University of Minnesota Press, 2011~~ JW |
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+But what seems to me to be further disavowed, even in Lowe's important figuration |
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+AND |
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+they are the transit through which the dialectic of subject and object occurs. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====The alternative is to imagine a world in which the U.S. has been removed from all lands originally belonging to the natives ==== |
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+**Churchill 96** ~~Ward Churchill, professor of ethnic studies at the University of Colorado Boulder, "From a Native Son: Selected Essays in Indigenism, 1985-1995," South End Press, 1996~~ |
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+The question which inevitably arises with regard to indigenous land claims, especially in the |
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+AND |
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+realism." Isn't it time we all went to work on attaining it? |
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+ |
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+ |
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+==Warming DA == |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====U.S. carbon emissions are getting lower and are on track to meet environmental goals ==== |
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+**McMahon 6/23** ~~Jeff McMahon, contributor at Forbes, "U.S. On Track To Achieve 2030 Emissions Goals In 2016," Forbes Magazine, June 23, 2016, http://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffmcmahon/2016/06/23/u-s-on-track-to-achieve-2030-emissions-goals-in-2016/~~#fa3d9fa42c8e~~ JW |
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+A dramatic slump in coal production has pushed U.S. carbon emissions so |
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+AND |
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+," Cohan said, "if the Clean Power Plan is not implemented." |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Closing nuclear plants forces increased fossil fuel use ==== |
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+**Roston 15** ~~Eric Roston, writer for Bloomberg, "Why Nuclear Power Is All but Dead in the U.S." Bloomberg News, April 15, 2015, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-15/soon-it-may-be-easier-to-build-a-nuclear-plant-in-iran-than-in-the-u-s-~~ JW |
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+*ellipsis from original text |
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+Say what? The U.S. achieved |
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+AND |
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+to figure out nuclear if that envelope is to mean anything to us." |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Meeting the 2 degrees Celsius change is key to stopping climate change catastrophe ==== |
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+**Mastroianni 15** ~~Brian Mastroianni, "Why 2 degrees are so important to the climate," CBS News, November 30, 2015, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/paris-un-climate-talks-why-2-degrees-are-so-important/~~ |
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+As the United Nations conference on climate change gets underway Monday in Paris, one |
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+AND |
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+carbon emissions enough so that the 2-degree threshold is not crossed. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====DA turns case: Native Americans are especially vulnerable to climate change ==== |
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+**Halpert 12** ~~Julie Halpert, author at Yale Climate Connections, "Native Americans and a Changing Climate," Yale Climate Connections, June 21, 2012, http://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2012/06/native-americans-and-a-changing-climate/~~ JW |
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+Native Americans are expected to be among the population groups most vulnerable to adverse effects |
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+AND |
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+2011, the organization passed a resolution opposing the proposed Keystone XL pipeline. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+==CP == |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====CP Text: Indigenous communities should decide for themselves to ban nuclear power. Mutually exclusive with the aff since tribes that want nuclear power can continue to use it ==== |
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+**Gover et al 92** ~~Kevin, and Jana L. Walker (Native American Attorneys at Gover, Stetson and Williams). "Escaping Environmental Paternalism: One Tribe's Approach to Developing a Commercial Waste Disposal Project in Indian Country." University of Colorado Law Review 63 (1992): 933. |
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+The second and more controversial issue facing tribes involves the use of reservation lands as |
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+AND |
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+the proposal effectively and, if it's feasible, plan for its development. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+==The Counterplan solves better than the plan: consultation leads to the best policies for each clan. Thomas 95 EDWARD K. THOMAS, 1995 (PRESIDENT == |
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+CENTRAL COUNCIL OF THE TLINGIT AND HAIDA INDIAN TRIBES OF ALASKA, May 18, 1995, http://www.archive.org/stream/biataskforcehear00unit/biataskforcehear00unit_djvu.txt) |
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+The opportunity for Tribes to participate in the reorganization process was greatly increased by holding the various meetings close to their Tribal headquarters. Many tribal leaders and Tribal members did attend the meetings and many testified at the times set aside on each agenda for hearing testimony. Witnesses either spoke on the business of the day or on the reorganization plan and the reorganization planning process. Their testimony helped Task Force members in their decision-making. We were better able to understand how they felt on many very important reorganization issues. Their testimony did make a difference in our final product. That is why Tribal consultation is important. Tribes, more than anyone else, know what is best for them. They know better than anyone what policies would be bad for them. |
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+NOTE: NON_NATIVES SPECIFIC EVIDENCE (retag Yamamoto to say that certain groups are actually undercut by the AC, and friere |
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+Your movement goes against the interests of the oppressed. Yamamoto 99 |
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+Yamamoto, Eric (Professor of Law, University of Hawai'i Law School; Visiting Professor of Law, Boalt Hall School of Law, University of California at Berkeley, 1999.)., and Jen-L. W. Lyman. "Racializing environmental justice." U. Colo. L. Rev. 72 (2001): 311. |
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+The framework, however, at times also undercuts environmental justice struggles by racial and indigenous communities because it tends to foster misassumptions about race, culture, sovereignty, and the importance of distributive justice. Those misassumptions sometimes lead environmental justice scholars and activists to miss what is of central importance to affected communities. The first misassumption is that for all racialized groups in all situations, a hazard-free physical environment is their main, if not only, concern.4 ' Environmental justice advocates foster this notion by placing emphasis on "high quality environments" 4' and the adverse health effects caused by exposure to air pollutants and hazardous waste materials. |
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+Not all facility sitings that pose health risks, however, warrant full-scale opposition by host communities. Some communities, on balance, are willing to tolerate these facilities for the economic benefits they confer or in lieu of the cultural or social disruption that might accompany large-scale remedial efforts. Other communities, struggling to deal with joblessness, inadequate education, and housing discrimination, indeed with daily survival, prefer to devote most of their limited time and political capital to those challenges. In these situations, racial and indigenous communities may have pressing needs and long-range goals beyond the re-siting of polluting facilities. For example, as Native communities endeavor to ameliorate conditions of poverty and social dislocation by encouraging the economic development of tribal lands, some increasingly find themselves in conflict with environmentalists, who are sometimes but not always environmental justice advocates. In the mining industry, several Native American tribes are attempting to tap mineral resources on their reservations. ° Urged by the increased emphasis on economic selfdetermination in federal Native American policy in the 1970s, the tribes formed the Council of Energy Resource Tribes to deal with both the siting of new mines on Native American lands and the environmental and the cultural problems that might result.51 Those efforts met stiff opposition from some environmental groups concerned mainly with land degradation and pollution. The environmentalists' seeming lack of understanding of the economic and cultural complexity of the Native American groups' decisions have led some Native Americans to express cynicism about environmentalists who sometimes treat them as mascots for the environmental cause. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+=Case = |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Banning nuclear power doesn't solve environmental injustice and prevents Natives from accessing resources on their lands ==== |
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+**Jefferies 08** ~~Sierra M. Jefferies, J.D. candidate, "ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE AND THE SKULL VALLEY GOSHUTE INDIANS' PROPOSAL TO STORE NUCLEAR WASTE," Journal of Land, Resources and Environmental Law, 2008~~ JW |
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+This Note considers the application of various understandings of environmental justice to the recent defeat |
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+AND |
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+, it has evolved to deal with rural and natural resource use disputes. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Natives can't profit off of their own land ==== |
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+**Jefferies 08** ~~Sierra M. Jefferies, J.D. candidate, "ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE AND THE SKULL VALLEY GOSHUTE INDIANS' PROPOSAL TO STORE NUCLEAR WASTE," Journal of Land, Resources and Environmental Law, 2008~~ JW |
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+Originally, environmental justice developed to address the pattern of poor and minority communities bearing |
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+AND |
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+a private agreement "undermines its opportunity to improve its own welfare."92 |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====N/U: Native Americans had already been exposed to a range of unhealthy environmental factors besides nuclear power ==== |
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+**Jefferies 08** ~~Sierra M. Jefferies, J.D. candidate, "ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE AND THE SKULL VALLEY GOSHUTE INDIANS' PROPOSAL TO STORE NUCLEAR WASTE," Journal of Land, Resources and Environmental Law, 2008~~ JW |
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+Finally, the most glaring problem with claims that a storage facility would be environmentally |
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+AND |
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+an economic development bill for Skull Valley but never funded it."98 |