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+====Regardless of constitutionality, Title IX requires colleges to restrict hostile speech or lose federal funding.==== |
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+Bernstein 3 **(David E. Bernstein – George Mason University Foundation Professor of Law with a focus on constitutional history, "You Can't Say That: The Growing Threat to Civil Liberties From Antidiscrimination Laws", "Censoring Campus Speech", pg. 60-61,)** |
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+**Given these constitutional barriers, public university speech codes were on the way out until ** |
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+**AND** |
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+ban offensive speech by students and diligently punish** any **violations **of that ban. ** |
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+ |
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+====Federal funding is critical for college operations, especially financial aid==== |
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+Pew 15 (**The Pew Charitable Trusts – compiles evidence and non-partisan analysis to inform the public and create better public policy, "Federal and State Funding of Higher Education: A Changing Landscape", http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2015/06/federal-and-state-funding-of-higher-education)** |
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+**States and the federal government have long provided substantial funding for higher education, but ** |
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+**AND** |
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+**, while state funds primarily pay for the general operations of public institutions.** |
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+====Cuts to funding for higher ed and financial aid hampers college access, especially for students from low-income or minority backgrounds. This is a huge economic blow because college degrees reduce poverty, crime and a laundry list of impacts. ==== |
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+Mitchell et al 16 **(Report published by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities; authors were Michael Mitchell (State Budget and Tax), Michael Leachman (State Budget and Tax), and Kathleen Masterson, "Funding Down, Tuition Up: State Cuts to Higher Education Threaten Quality and Affordability at Public Colleges", http://www.cbpp.org/research/state-budget-and-tax/funding-down-tuition-up,** |
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+**Years of **cuts in** state **funding for public colleges and universities have driven up tuition** ** |
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+**AND** |
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+**the start of the recession will make it more difficult to achieve those goals** |
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+ |
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+=2-off = |
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+====Promoting free speech on colleges would entail rejecting endowments from partisan donors ==== |
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+**Kurtz 15** ~~Stanley Kurtz, senior fellow at the Ethics and Public Policy Center and a former adjunct fellow with Hudson Institute,"A Plan to Restore Free Speech on Campus," The National Review, December 7, 2015, http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/428122/plan-restore-free-speech-campus-stanley-kurtz~~ JW |
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+Fifth: Colleges and universities ought to adopt policies on institutional political neutrality based on |
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+AND |
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+Harvey Silverglate in its guide to academic freedom. Trustees should take note. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====College endowments are high now but college protests discourage endowments ==== |
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+**Hartocollis 8/4** – Anemona Hartocollis, writer for NYT: August 4, 2016("College Students Protest, Alumni's Fondness Fades and Checks Shrink" New York Times Available at http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/05/us/college-protests-alumni-donations.html?_r=0) |
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+Scott MacConnell cherishes the memory of his years at Amherst College, where he discovered |
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+AND |
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+, said there was no evidence the drop was connected to campus protests. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Endowments are key to college quality==== |
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+**Leigh 14** ~~Steven R. Leigh, dean of CU-Boulder's College of Arts and Sciences, "Endowments and the future of higher education," University of Colorado, Boulder College of Arts and Sciences, March 4, 2014, http://www.colorado.edu/artsandsciences/news-events/message-dean/endowments-and-future-higher-education~~ JW |
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+These broad trends point directly to the need for CU-Boulder's College of Arts |
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+AND |
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+affirm the importance of higher education and enduringly preserve its viability and vitality. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Schools with large endowments are able to recruit more low-income students ==== |
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+**Freedman 13 **~~Josh Freedman, policy analyst in the Economic Growth Program at the New America Foundation, "Why American Colleges Are Becoming a Force for Inequality," The Atlantic, May 16, 2013, http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2013/05/why-american-colleges-are-becoming-a-force-for-inequality/275923/~~ JW |
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+Not all colleges, however, would need to raise tuition drastically to pay for |
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+AND |
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+schools - would only be able to preserve student revenues by raising tuition. |