| ... |
... |
@@ -1,0
+1,101 @@ |
|
1 |
+===Part 1: Status Quo=== |
|
2 |
+ |
|
3 |
+The Department of Energy website and its brochures state that "no one in the United States has died or been injured as a result of operations at a commercial nuclear power plant." (RICHARDS 13) |
|
4 |
+ |
|
5 |
+The Native American lives lost to nuclear power have never been acknowledged, let alone grieved. |
|
6 |
+ |
|
7 |
+====RICHARDS 2 ~~Linda Richards, "On Poisoned Ground." The Chemical Heritage Foundation, Spring 2013. https://www.chemheritage.org/distillations/magazine/on-poisoned-ground Richards was the Chemical Heritage Foundation~’s 2010–2011 Doan Fellow. She is researching nuclear and environmental justice history for a PhD at Oregon State University.~~==== |
|
8 |
+ |
|
9 |
+Nuclear-industry spokespersons, U.S. government agencies, and nuclear scientists |
|
10 |
+AND |
|
11 |
+. Mine waste was dumped in piles where children played until the 1990s. |
|
12 |
+ |
|
13 |
+The Navajo Nation has been the target of environmental racism for decades. This is the pain has never been recognized; still hurts today. |
|
14 |
+LADUKE 09 ~~Winona LaDuke, "Uranium Mining, Native Resistance, and the Greener Path." Orion Magazine, February 07, 2009. https://orionmagazine.org/article/uranium-mining-native-resistance-and-the-greener-path/ Winona LaDuke is an American activist, environmentalist, economist, and writer, known for her work on tribal land claims and preservation, as well as sustainable development. A Native American with Ojibwe ancestry, she is the executive director of both White Earth Land Recovery Project and helped found the Indigenous Women~’s Network in 1985.~~ |
|
15 |
+Over one thousand uranium mines gouged the earth in the Dine Bikeyah, the land |
|
16 |
+AND |
|
17 |
+communities, many of which suffer astronomical rates of cancer and birth defects. |
|
18 |
+ |
|
19 |
+ |
|
20 |
+====This was not an isolated incident. Radioactive waste, power plants, and uranium mines are dangerous – that~’s why they~’re put on Native American lands. ==== |
|
21 |
+CHATTERJEE 97** **~~Pratap Chatterjee. "Indigenous Groups Try to Ward Off Nuclear Waste." Inter-Press Service News Agency. May 20 1997. http://www.ipsnews.net/1997/05/us-environment-indigenous-groups-try-to-ward-off-nuclear-waste/ ~~ |
|
22 |
+ |
|
23 |
+California governor Pete Wilson, deciding that the federal government was not serious about plans |
|
24 |
+AND |
|
25 |
+," says Darelynn Lehto, the vice president of the Prairie Island Mdewankanton. |
|
26 |
+ |
|
27 |
+ |
|
28 |
+====Exploitation by the nuclear industry occurs around the world. ==== |
|
29 |
+RŸSER ET AL. 16** **~~Rudolph C. Rÿser, Yvonne Sherwood and Janna Lafferty, Intercontinental Cry (IC) Magazine via Truth Out. "The Indigenous World Under a Nuclear Cloud." 27 March 2016. http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/35381-the-indigenous-world-under-a-nuclear-cloud~~ |
|
30 |
+ |
|
31 |
+ |
|
32 |
+Millions of indigenous peoples living in Fourth World territories around the world have been and |
|
33 |
+AND |
|
34 |
+to Fourth World ~~indigenous~~ peoples rarely noticed by the public eye. |
|
35 |
+ |
|
36 |
+Australia has largest uranium reserves. Legislation protecting the aboriginal populations has been altered in favor of the mining industry. Green^^ ^^, |
|
37 |
+Muckaty Traditional Owners have won a significant battle for country and culture, but the |
|
38 |
+AND |
|
39 |
+of these arrangements, and the government did not consult further than that." |
|
40 |
+ That disgraceful performance illustrates a broader pattern. Aboriginal land rights and heritage protections |
|
41 |
+AND |
|
42 |
+with the Aboriginal-led Australian Nuclear Free Alliance playing a leading role. |
|
43 |
+ |
|
44 |
+ |
|
45 |
+===Part 2: Framing=== |
|
46 |
+ |
|
47 |
+ |
|
48 |
+====My advocacy is grief for the indigenous lives lost and harmed by nuclear power production. Affirm to grieve those killed and irrevocably damaged by the production of nuclear power. Grief for these specific individuals brings them into our frame of reference and creates an ethical reorientation.==== |
|
49 |
+Lloyd 08 Moya (pf Loughborough Univ, feminist author) "Towards a cultural politics of |
|
50 |
+vulnerability Precarious lives and ungrievable deaths" Judith Butler~’s Precarious Politics. 2008 |
|
51 |
+Mourning and politics Precarious Life, published in 2004, contains a series of essays |
|
52 |
+AND |
|
53 |
+to the idea of ek-stasis that she deploys throughout her work. |
|
54 |
+ |
|
55 |
+====The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that challenges educational spaces through exposure to previously un-grievable bodies.==== |
|
56 |
+VLIEGHE 10 |
|
57 |
+Joris (laboratory for education and society, PhD education,) "Judith Butler and the Public Dimension of the Body: Education, Critique and Corporeal Vulnerability" Journal of Philosophy of Education, Vol. 44, No. 1, 2010 |
|
58 |
+This point of view is today no longer tenable. As Adorno, one of |
|
59 |
+AND |
|
60 |
+a different conception of politics~’ (Butler, 2004b, p. 21). |
|
61 |
+ |
|
62 |
+====Undergoing the radical exposure that triggers grief awakens accountability for the other, forming communities for resistance==== |
|
63 |
+Vlieghe 10 Joris (laboratory for education and society, PhD education,) "Judith Butler and the Public Dimension of the Body: Education, Critique and Corporeal Vulnerability" Journal of Philosophy of Education, Vol. 44, No. 1, 2010 |
|
64 |
+We just have to undergo these expropriating events. In this experience of self- |
|
65 |
+AND |
|
66 |
+which as a result causes no actual change whatever in the existing regime. |
|
67 |
+ |
|
68 |
+ |
|
69 |
+====Traditional education mandates one "truth" as the only "truth." Debate provides a unique tool to question authority and the very nature of our existence.==== |
|
70 |
+ |
|
71 |
+Warner and Bruschke 3 (Ede, University of Loiusville, John, CSU Fullerton, "GONE ON DEBATING:" COMPETITIVE ACADEMIC DEBATE AS A TOOL OF EMPOWERMENT FOR URBAN AMERICA) LHS |
|
72 |
+These arguments are theoretical; they cannot speak as powerfully as the voices of those |
|
73 |
+AND |
|
74 |
+and the National Debate Tournament (Hill, 1997; Stepp, 1997) |
|
75 |
+ |
|
76 |
+====The grieving of the aff breaks through that regulatory exclusion of radical proceduralism by acknowledging the cultural context and making mourning accessible to the public, reworked and revised for each community.==== |
|
77 |
+McIvor 12, David W. (PhD from Duke University, research associate @ The Kettering Foundation) "Bringing Ourselves to Grief: Judith Butler and the Politics of Mourning" Political Theory. 2 May 2012. http://ptx.sagepub.com/content/40/4/409 |
|
78 |
+Here the theorist of the mourning subject has to engage in a conversation with a |
|
79 |
+AND |
|
80 |
+politics of mourning to its location within the precarious life of the polity. |
|
81 |
+ |
|
82 |
+ |
|
83 |
+====And Role-Playing reduces debaters to spectators, eviscerating their agency as the competitive nature of debate creates a sense of detachment. The debate public takes on characteristics of a lab, barred from the external world.==== |
|
84 |
+Mitchell 98 (Gordon R., Associate Professor of Communication and Director of the William Pitt Debating Union at the University of Pittsburgh. "Pedagogical possibilities for argumentative agency in academic debate". Argumentation and Advocacy, Volume 35, Issue 2. Fall 1998. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb6699/is_2_35/ai_n28720712/) LHS\ |
|
85 |
+As two prominent teachers of argumentation point out, "Many scholars and educators term |
|
86 |
+AND |
|
87 |
+in the drama of political life" (1991, p. 8) |
|
88 |
+ |
|
89 |
+ |
|
90 |
+====Grief is a key first step to solve – in spaces of failure and violence, grief does justice to the ungrieved and contains the potential for resistant political strategies in the real world.==== |
|
91 |
+**Allred 2006** ~~Kevin Allred, Resisting Legibility on the Borders: Opposition to the Violent Intersections of Race, Nationality, and Sexuality, from Human Architecture: Journal of the sociology of Self Knowledge, Volume 4, Issue 3, a special issues on Anzaldua pages 205-215 AMB~~ |
|
92 |
+It should be noted that it is imperative we resist speaking for Barajas and I |
|
93 |
+AND |
|
94 |
+that contains the implication of holding on to rather than of letting go. |
|
95 |
+ |
|
96 |
+ |
|
97 |
+====And debate rules posit an ~’ideal speech~’ which necessarily excludes other forms of discourse. ==== |
|
98 |
+Kulynych, 97, Winthrop U Prof of Polysci (Jessica, "Performing Politics: Foucault, Habermas, and Postmodern Participation, Polity, Vol. 30, No. 2 (Winter, 1997), 315-346, accessed Jstor) LHS |
|
99 |
+Certainly, one might suggest that the above cases are really just failures of speech |
|
100 |
+AND |
|
101 |
+not address the cultural context that makes some statements convincing and others not. |