Changes for page Valley Gilbert Aff
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... ... @@ -1,37 +1,0 @@ 1 -Moral obligations arise from individuals’ internal consideration of right conduct. Bedke: 2 -“If John Doe… motivation to X” 3 -Bedke, M.S. Dept of Philosophy, University of Arizona “Moral judgment purposivism: saving internalism from amoralism.” Philosophical Studies, 144: 189-209, 2009. 4 - 5 -Judgments based on external considerations are not moral judgments because they arise from considerations other than right and wrong. Bedke 2: 6 -“Consider a distant… judgments in Amoralsville” 7 -Bedke, M.S. Dept of Philosophy, University of Arizona “Moral judgment purposivism: saving internalism from amoralism.” Philosophical Studies, 144: 189-209, 2009. 8 - 9 -Further, the very idea of externalist moral considerations assumes a background understanding that morality is internal. Bedke 3: 10 -“My own judgment… is not out” 11 -Bedke, M.S. Dept of Philosophy, University of Arizona “Moral judgment purposivism: saving internalism from amoralism.” Philosophical Studies, 144: 189-209, 2009. 12 - 13 -Also, externalist moral conceptions collapse into desire rather than moral consideration. Roojen: 14 -“Second, whether the..;. what is right” 15 -Van Roojen, Mark. “Humean and anti-Humean internalism about moral judgements.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol. 65, no. 1, July 2002, pp. 26-49. 16 - 17 -Further, internal moral reasoning is idiosyncratic to individuals. This is true because moral reasoning cannot produce objectively verifiable outcomes for all moral reasoners. Coburn: 18 -“If criteria encapsulate… such a process” 19 -Coburn, Robert C. Quals “A defense of ethical noncognitivism.” Philosophical Studies, vol. 62, no. 1, April 1991, pp. 67-80. 20 - 21 -And, objective or universalist conceptions of morality devolve to totalitarianism. Rawls: 22 -“A continuing adherence… to remain so” 23 -Rawls, John. Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003. 24 - 25 -Thus, the criterion is consistency with internal moral standards. 26 - 27 -Externalist thought is embedded within the nature of restrictions in relation to speech acts. 28 -Harnish: 29 -“Summarizing, internalists hold… offered mixed analyses.” 30 -Harnish, Robert. "Internalism and externalism in speech act theory." Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 5.1 (2009): 9-31. 31 - 32 -Restrictions establish conditions of which speech is acceptable which is externalist by virtue as it requires an externalist declaration of which speech applies. ACLU: 33 -“Because the ultimate… we'll be next” 34 -"Hate Speech On Campus". American Civil Liberties Union. N. p., 2016. Web. 4 Dec. 2016. 35 - 36 -presume aff because there is an 11 side bias towards the neg 37 -Henson, Clifford and Paul Dorasil. “Judging bias in competitive academic debate: the effects of region, side, and sex.” Contemporary Economic Policy, July 4, 2013 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,34 +1,0 @@ 1 -To question the binding nature of moral obligations implicitly concedes the significance of inclusion in normative conclusions because all objections would be made in the context of shared rules. Apel: 2 -“It is mistaken… a communication community.” 3 -Apel, Karl-Otto. Reprinted in Justification and Application: Remarks on Discourse Ethics by Jürgen 4 - 5 -Inclusion of all agents in the construction of truth is an ontological prerequisite to morality. Haste: 6 -“Communitarian thinkers start… and historical context” 7 -Haste, Helen. "Communitarianism and the social construction of morality." Journal of Moral Education 25.1 (1996): 47-55. 8 - 9 -No agent has greater epistemic access to moral truths because morals aren’t verifiable with empirical fact. Markovitz: 10 -“Relatedly, internalism about… of us are).” 11 -Markovits, Julia. Moral reason. Oxford University Press, 2014. 12 - 13 -Thus the standard is consistency with the maxim of including individuals in the construction of moral truths. 14 - 15 -Additionally, only the analysis of intent of an action includes all perceptions into the construction of truths. Tannenbaum: 16 -“When it comes… had occurred unintentionally.” 17 -Tannenbaum, Melanie. ""But I Didn't Mean It!" Why It's so Hard to Prioritize Impacts over Intents." Scientific American Global RSS. N.p., 14 Oct. 2013. Web. 08 Sept. 2015. 18 - 19 -Speech codes entrench a massive divide within society and push society to manifest into one in which nobody is included in the manifestation of truth— historically proven. Haiman: 20 -“Placing limitations on… increased its circulation.” 21 -Haiman, Franklyn. “The Remedy is More Speech.” The American Prospect. Summer 1991. 22 - 23 -And, even when speech codes do target those with oppressive ideology, they are coopted and used as a tool of exclusion. Cammaerts 24 -“However, in a… causes of it.” 25 -Bart Cammaerts ‘9, London School of Economics and Political Science, England, 11-2009, "Radical pluralism and free speech in online public spaces," International Journal of Cultural Studies 26 - 27 -Further, the neg embraces an overall maxim in which individuals are excluded from moral projects- means only the affirmative has a risk of epistemic validity. Greenawalt: 28 -“Mill says that… to be tolerated.” 29 -Greenawalt, Kent. "Free speech justifications." Columbia Law Review 89.1 (1989): 119-155. 30 -"Hate Speech On Campus". American Civil Liberties Union. N. p., 2016. Web. 4 Dec. 2016. 31 - 32 -Restrictions establish conditions of which speech is acceptable which is exclusionary by virtue as it requires a declaration by one agent of which speech applies. ACLU: 33 -“Because the ultimate… we'll be next” 34 -"Hate Speech On Campus". American Civil Liberties Union. N. p., 2016. Web. 4 Dec. 2016. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,46 +1,0 @@ 1 -Moral obligations arise from individuals’ internal consideration of right conduct. Bedke: 2 -“If John Doe… motivation to X” 3 -Bedke, M.S. Dept of Philosophy, University of Arizona “Moral judgment purposivism: saving internalism from amoralism.” Philosophical Studies, 144: 189-209, 2009. 4 - 5 -Judgments based on external considerations are not moral judgments because they arise from considerations other than right and wrong. Bedke 2: 6 -“Consider a distant… judgments in Amoralsville” 7 -Bedke, M.S. Dept of Philosophy, University of Arizona “Moral judgment purposivism: saving internalism from amoralism.” Philosophical Studies, 144: 189-209, 2009. 8 - 9 -Further, the very idea of externalist moral considerations assumes a background understanding that morality is internal. Bedke 3: 10 -“My own judgment… is not out” 11 -Bedke, M.S. Dept of Philosophy, University of Arizona “Moral judgment purposivism: saving internalism from amoralism.” Philosophical Studies, 144: 189-209, 2009. 12 - 13 -Also, externalist moral conceptions collapse into desire rather than moral consideration. Roojen: 14 -“Second, whether the..;. what is right” 15 -Van Roojen, Mark. “Humean and anti-Humean internalism about moral judgements.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol. 65, no. 1, July 2002, pp. 26-49. 16 - 17 -Further, internal moral reasoning is idiosyncratic to individuals. This is true because moral reasoning cannot produce objectively verifiable outcomes for all moral reasoners. Coburn: 18 -“If criteria encapsulate… such a process” 19 -Coburn, Robert C. Quals “A defense of ethical noncognitivism.” Philosophical Studies, vol. 62, no. 1, April 1991, pp. 67-80. 20 - 21 -And, objective or universalist conceptions of morality devolve to totalitarianism. Rawls: 22 -“A continuing adherence… to remain so” 23 -Rawls, John. Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003. 24 - 25 -Thus, the criterion is consistency with internal moral standards. 26 - 27 -Externalist thought is embedded within the nature of restrictions in relation to speech acts. 28 -Harnish: 29 -“Summarizing, internalists hold… offered mixed analyses.” 30 -Harnish, Robert. "Internalism and externalism in speech act theory." Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 5.1 (2009): 9-31. 31 - 32 -And, the affirmatives method of engagement with speech uniquely weeds out oppressive ideologies from prevalent ideas— prevents active imposition of moral values. Moosa: 33 -“Thus, if we… entity once existed.” 34 - 35 -Moosa, T. (2012). John Stuart Mill And The Dangers Of Silencing. Big Think. Retrieved 19 February 2017, from http://bigthink.com/against-the-new-taboo/john-stuart-mill-and-the-dangers-of-silencing 36 - 37 -The neg actively excludes voices from moral projects- means only the affirmative has a risk of epistemic validity. Greenawalt: 38 -“Mill says that… to be tolerated.” 39 -Greenawalt, Kent. "Free speech justifications." Columbia Law Review 89.1 (1989): 119-155. 40 - 41 -Restrictions establish conditions of which speech is acceptable which is externalist by virtue as it requires an externalist declaration of which speech applies. ACLU: 42 -“Because the ultimate… we'll be next” 43 -"Hate Speech On Campus". American Civil Liberties Union. N. p., 2016. Web. 4 Dec. 2016. 44 - 45 -Presume aff because there is an 11 side bias towards the neg 46 -Henson, Clifford and Paul Dorasil. “Judging bias in competitive academic debate: the effects of region, side, and sex.” Contemporary Economic Policy, July 4, 2013. - EntryDate
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