Changes for page Tahoma Guzman Soto Neg
on 2016/11/15 05:29
on 2016/11/15 05:28
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... ... @@ -1,64 +1,0 @@ 1 -=Kant NC= 2 - 3 - 4 -==The criterion is treating agents as ends in themselves== 5 - 6 - 7 -====Kant explains on the ethical justifications of categorical imperatives:==== 8 -Kant 81 Immanuel Kant. "Critique of Pure Reason." 1781. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/4280/4280-h/4280-h.htm 9 - "People generally presume that moral principles must apply to all rational beings at 10 -AND 11 -, whereas moral principles must have absolute validity, independent of all circumstances." 12 - 13 - 14 -====Perfect duties are the basis for a priori moral obligations==== 15 -Kagan 02 Shelly Kagan. "Rethinking the Western Tradition". On "Groundwork for the metaphysics of morals". Yale University. 2002. http://www.inp.uw.edu.pl/mdsie/Political_Thought/Kant2020groundwork20for20the20metaphysics20of20morals20with20essays.pdf 16 -Let me quickly mention another argument that is sometimes used to defend the claim that 17 -AND 18 -when this requires telling lies, harming the innocent, and so on. 19 - 20 - 21 -====Humans can only be valued in and of themselves==== 22 -Hill 95 Thomas E. Hill. "Autonomy and Self-Respect". Cambridge University Press. University of North Carolina. 1995. https://books.google.com/books?id=740hpxIWaBACandpg=PA102andlpg=PA102anddq 23 -Most valuable things have value only because they are valued by agents human 24 -AND 25 -human beings, as valuers, must be valued for their own sakes. 26 - 27 - 28 -====Human Dignity is deeply tied to individuals as ends in themselves==== 29 -Grisez 94 Grisez, professor of Christian ethics @ Mount Saint Mary's College and Shaw, Director of public information at Knights of Columbus, 94 **(Germain Gabriel and Russell, Beyond the New Morality: The Responsibilities of Freedom p 28 30 -One arrives at a different judgment of how one ought to proceed in such circumstances 31 -AND 32 -intrinsic to persons has a kind of sacredness and may not be violated. 33 - 34 - 35 -===Contention One: Limiting QI treats agents as a means to an ends === 36 - 37 - 38 -====Agents are not culpable for breaking laws in United States==== 39 -Murphy 12 Jeffrie Murphy. "Marxism and Retribution". Princeton University Press. University of Princeton. August 31, 2012. http://www.class.uh.edu/faculty/tsommers/retribution20and20punishment/marxism20and20retribution.pdf – L.G. 40 -On Justice, Benefits, and Community. The retributive theory claims to be grounded 41 -AND 42 -ruling class, the social sentiments of the oppressed become weak towards them." 43 - 44 - 45 -====Police Departments are struggling to fill vacancies Worldwide for multiple different reasons ==== 46 -Libaw 16 Oliver Yates Libaw, "Police Face Severe Shortage of Recruits", July 10 2016, ABC News, http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=96570andpage=1~~ 47 -Bracketed for Clarity 48 -From the nation wide largest police force in New York City to 49 -AND 50 -departments in recent years has also taken a toll, many recruiters say. 51 - 52 - 53 -====Many police officers are underpaid and court fees pose a serious challenge==== 54 -Seida 16 Jim Seida. "Police Pay Gap: Many of America's Finest Struggle on Poverty Wages". NBC News. Missouri Correspondent. October 26, 2014. July 12, 2016. http://www.nbcnews.com/feature/in-plain-sight/police-pay-gap-many-americas-finest-struggle-poverty-wages-n232701 – L.G. 55 -The wage gap affects not only the police officers themselves, experts say, but 56 -AND 57 -He doesn't take medication because it costs $95 for a month's supply. 58 - 59 - 60 -====Punishment justifying deterrence uses the example as a means to an end==== 61 -Christopher 02 Russel Christopher. "Deterring Retributivism: The Injustice of 'just' Punishment". 2002. TU Law Digital Commons. University of Tulsa. http://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1099andcontext=fac_pub 62 -In contrast, under a consequentialist theory justifying punishment by deterrence, for example, 63 -AND 64 -conceptual deterrence theory seems to be a retributive theory of punishment after all. - EntryDate
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