Changes for page Tahoma Guzman Soto Neg
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... ... @@ -1,44 +1,0 @@ 1 -====Federal Courts are overburden; Qualified immunity stops the flow of court cases through summary judgments==== 2 -**Putnam 92** ~~Charles T. Putnam, Senior Assistant Attorney General, New Hampshire~~ and Charles T. Ferris ~~JD, Franklin Pierce Law Center~~, "Defending a Maligned Defense: The Policy Bases of the Qualified Immunity Defense in Actions Under 42 USC 1983," Bridgeport Law Review, Vol. 12, 1992. https://www.qu.edu/prebuilt/pdf/SchoolLaw/LawReviewLibrary/26_12UBridgeportLRev665(1991-1992).pdf~~ 3 -National resources are obviously scarce, yet increasing numbers of section 1983 actions are being 4 -AND 5 -thus an important safety measure for both the courts and defendants facing suit. 6 - 7 - 8 -====Qualified immunity is key to stop courts from being clogged with frivolous lawsuits.==== 9 -**Noll 08** ~~David L. 2008. "Qualified Immunity in Limbo: Rights, Procedure, and the Social Costs of Damages Litigation Against Public Officials." NYUL Rev. 83: 911. http://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/nylr83andsection=30. (JD @ NYU, BA @ Columbia) 10 - 11 -In the context of ordinary civil litigation between two private parties, the total ( 12 -AND 13 -and has undoubtedly affected the development of the modern qualified immunity doctrine.5 14 - 15 - 16 -==Impacts== 17 - 18 - 19 -===Impact – Ineffective courts = RT's Violations === 20 - 21 - 22 -====Frivolous cases from the clog hinder the ability of courts to administer justice.==== 23 -**Thomas 10** ~~Suja. 2010. "Frivolous Cases." DePaul Law Review 59 (2): 633. http://via.library.depaul.edu/law-review/vol59/iss2/13. (Law Professor @ U of Illinois College of Law).~~ 24 - 25 -There is a focus on frivolous cases because of cost. Frivolous cases may 26 -AND 27 -, it also "frustrate~~s~~ settlement of legitimate suits. '51 28 - 29 - 30 -====To compensate courts would reduce the scope of constitutional rights==== 31 -**Fallon 11** ~~Richard H. Fallon, Jr., (The Ralph S. Tyler, Jr. Professor of Law, Harvard Law School). "Asking the Right Questions About Officer Immunity." 80 Fordham L. Rev. 479 (2011). http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol80/iss2/3~~ 32 -As another possible response to a world without official immunity, the Supreme Court might 33 -AND 34 -reasonable person could think a search reasonable, it is not unreasonable.56 35 - 36 - 37 -===Impact – Court Clog = Poor Public Defense === 38 - 39 - 40 -====Court clog causes inefficient public defenders; this destroys the justice system for poor minorities. ==== 41 -**Van Brunt 15** ~~Alexa. 2015. "Poor People Rely on Public Defenders Who Are Too Overworked to Defend Them." The Guardian, June 17, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jun/17/poor-rely-public-defenders-too-overworked. (Attorney and clinical assistant professor with the Roderick and Solange MacArthur Justice Center at Northwestern University Law School).~~ 42 -Money can buy you a great defense team, but what if you can't afford 43 -AND 44 -This group bears the brunt of our public defender systems' underfunding and overwork. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,53 +1,0 @@ 1 -=Cap K= 2 - 3 -====The Police are inherently bad, not as individual agents but as a group because there were created to maintain the wealth of the bourgeoisie and subjugate the others within society==== 4 -**Wood 14** ~~Gregory Wood, 12-29-2014, "Stop Kidding Yourself: The Police Were Created to Control Working Class and Poor People," LAWCHA, http://lawcha.org/wordpress/2014/12/29/stop-kidding-police-created-control-working-class-poor-people/~~ 5 -In most of the liberal discussions of the recent police killings of unarmed black men 6 -AND 7 -class and poor people, whatever the individual feelings of the officers involved. 8 - 9 - 10 -====This is still the case to this day there has not been a change from this ideology – Change is needed==== 11 -**Wood 14** ~~Gregory Wood, 12-29-2014, "Stop Kidding Yourself: The Police Were Created to Control Working Class and Poor People," LAWCHA, http://lawcha.org/wordpress/2014/12/29/stop-kidding-police-created-control-working-class-poor-people/~~ 12 -Though some patrolmen tried to be kind and others were openly brutal, police violence 13 -AND 14 -And it's not what the current system of policing was created to be. 15 - 16 - 17 -====And Change must start with mass rejection of this ideology ==== 18 -**Wood 14** ~~Gregory Wood, 12-29-2014, "Stop Kidding Yourself: The Police Were Created to Control Working Class and Poor People," LAWCHA, http://lawcha.org/wordpress/2014/12/29/stop-kidding-police-created-control-working-class-poor-people/~~ 19 -If there is one positive lesson from the history of policing's origins, it is 20 -AND 21 -, not help them. They've continued to play that role ever since. 22 - 23 - 24 -====Police Maintain the power of the government and prevent structural change==== 25 -Anarchist People of Color 15 ~~"Anarchy in The Town", http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/anarchist-people-of-color-anarchy-in-the-town~~ 26 -Anarchism is against the government, straight up. The job of the government is 27 -AND 28 -us so that we never stand a chance at rising agains the elite. 29 - 30 - 31 -====Origin of Police is from slave patrolling==== 32 -**David and Kappeler 16** ~~M. David (Editor In Chief), 11-2-2016, "Police Originated From 'Slave Catching Patrols'," Counter Current News, http://countercurrentnews.com/2015/04/police-originated-from-slave-catching-patrols/~~ 33 -Victor E. Kappeler, Ph.D writes the following in "A Brief 34 -AND 35 -makes the case that police are here to enforce systemic and systematic racism? 36 - 37 - 38 -====Vote Negative to embrace the immanence of revolution against capitalism. ==== 39 - 40 -Rejection of the 1AC opens up the space of a revolutionary subjectivity – voting negative is to affirm the immanent presence of revolution – the only thing stopping it is the belief that it's not here. 41 -Zizek 04 Slavoj Zizek, Professor of Philosophy 2004, Revolution at the Gates, Zizek on Lenin – The 1917 Writings, p.259-260~~ 42 - 43 -As Deleuze saw very clearly, we cannot provide in advance an unambiguous criterion which will 44 -AND 45 -it is, as it were, its own ontological proof, an immediate index of its own truth. 46 - 47 - 48 - 49 -====Our alternative is a crucial step to breaking down capitalism. A constant intellectual attack on capitalism enables the paradigm shift necessary to overthrow capitalism.==== 50 -Kovel 02 Joel Kovel Professor of Social Studies 2002 (Joel, Alger Hiss Professor of Social Studies at Bard College, The Enemy of Nature: The End of Capitalism or the End of the World? pg 223-224) 51 -Revolutions become feasible when a people decides that their present social arrangements are intolerable, 52 -AND 53 -is not sharply defined incorporate the goal towards which it moves? - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,64 @@ 1 +=Kant NC= 2 + 3 + 4 +==The criterion is treating agents as ends in themselves== 5 + 6 + 7 +====Kant explains on the ethical justifications of categorical imperatives:==== 8 +Kant 81 Immanuel Kant. "Critique of Pure Reason." 1781. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/4280/4280-h/4280-h.htm 9 + "People generally presume that moral principles must apply to all rational beings at 10 +AND 11 +, whereas moral principles must have absolute validity, independent of all circumstances." 12 + 13 + 14 +====Perfect duties are the basis for a priori moral obligations==== 15 +Kagan 02 Shelly Kagan. "Rethinking the Western Tradition". On "Groundwork for the metaphysics of morals". Yale University. 2002. http://www.inp.uw.edu.pl/mdsie/Political_Thought/Kant2020groundwork20for20the20metaphysics20of20morals20with20essays.pdf 16 +Let me quickly mention another argument that is sometimes used to defend the claim that 17 +AND 18 +when this requires telling lies, harming the innocent, and so on. 19 + 20 + 21 +====Humans can only be valued in and of themselves==== 22 +Hill 95 Thomas E. Hill. "Autonomy and Self-Respect". Cambridge University Press. University of North Carolina. 1995. https://books.google.com/books?id=740hpxIWaBACandpg=PA102andlpg=PA102anddq 23 +Most valuable things have value only because they are valued by agents human 24 +AND 25 +human beings, as valuers, must be valued for their own sakes. 26 + 27 + 28 +====Human Dignity is deeply tied to individuals as ends in themselves==== 29 +Grisez 94 Grisez, professor of Christian ethics @ Mount Saint Mary's College and Shaw, Director of public information at Knights of Columbus, 94 **(Germain Gabriel and Russell, Beyond the New Morality: The Responsibilities of Freedom p 28 30 +One arrives at a different judgment of how one ought to proceed in such circumstances 31 +AND 32 +intrinsic to persons has a kind of sacredness and may not be violated. 33 + 34 + 35 +===Contention One: Limiting QI treats agents as a means to an ends === 36 + 37 + 38 +====Agents are not culpable for breaking laws in United States==== 39 +Murphy 12 Jeffrie Murphy. "Marxism and Retribution". Princeton University Press. University of Princeton. August 31, 2012. http://www.class.uh.edu/faculty/tsommers/retribution20and20punishment/marxism20and20retribution.pdf – L.G. 40 +On Justice, Benefits, and Community. The retributive theory claims to be grounded 41 +AND 42 +ruling class, the social sentiments of the oppressed become weak towards them." 43 + 44 + 45 +====Police Departments are struggling to fill vacancies Worldwide for multiple different reasons ==== 46 +Libaw 16 Oliver Yates Libaw, "Police Face Severe Shortage of Recruits", July 10 2016, ABC News, http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=96570andpage=1~~ 47 +Bracketed for Clarity 48 +From the nation wide largest police force in New York City to 49 +AND 50 +departments in recent years has also taken a toll, many recruiters say. 51 + 52 + 53 +====Many police officers are underpaid and court fees pose a serious challenge==== 54 +Seida 16 Jim Seida. "Police Pay Gap: Many of America's Finest Struggle on Poverty Wages". NBC News. Missouri Correspondent. October 26, 2014. July 12, 2016. http://www.nbcnews.com/feature/in-plain-sight/police-pay-gap-many-americas-finest-struggle-poverty-wages-n232701 – L.G. 55 +The wage gap affects not only the police officers themselves, experts say, but 56 +AND 57 +He doesn't take medication because it costs $95 for a month's supply. 58 + 59 + 60 +====Punishment justifying deterrence uses the example as a means to an end==== 61 +Christopher 02 Russel Christopher. "Deterring Retributivism: The Injustice of 'just' Punishment". 2002. TU Law Digital Commons. University of Tulsa. http://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1099andcontext=fac_pub 62 +In contrast, under a consequentialist theory justifying punishment by deterrence, for example, 63 +AND 64 +conceptual deterrence theory seems to be a retributive theory of punishment after all. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,44 @@ 1 +====Federal Courts are overburden; Qualified immunity stops the flow of court cases through summary judgments==== 2 +**Putnam 92** ~~Charles T. Putnam, Senior Assistant Attorney General, New Hampshire~~ and Charles T. Ferris ~~JD, Franklin Pierce Law Center~~, "Defending a Maligned Defense: The Policy Bases of the Qualified Immunity Defense in Actions Under 42 USC 1983," Bridgeport Law Review, Vol. 12, 1992. https://www.qu.edu/prebuilt/pdf/SchoolLaw/LawReviewLibrary/26_12UBridgeportLRev665(1991-1992).pdf~~ 3 +National resources are obviously scarce, yet increasing numbers of section 1983 actions are being 4 +AND 5 +thus an important safety measure for both the courts and defendants facing suit. 6 + 7 + 8 +====Qualified immunity is key to stop courts from being clogged with frivolous lawsuits.==== 9 +**Noll 08** ~~David L. 2008. "Qualified Immunity in Limbo: Rights, Procedure, and the Social Costs of Damages Litigation Against Public Officials." NYUL Rev. 83: 911. http://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/nylr83andsection=30. (JD @ NYU, BA @ Columbia) 10 + 11 +In the context of ordinary civil litigation between two private parties, the total ( 12 +AND 13 +and has undoubtedly affected the development of the modern qualified immunity doctrine.5 14 + 15 + 16 +==Impacts== 17 + 18 + 19 +===Impact – Ineffective courts = RT's Violations === 20 + 21 + 22 +====Frivolous cases from the clog hinder the ability of courts to administer justice.==== 23 +**Thomas 10** ~~Suja. 2010. "Frivolous Cases." DePaul Law Review 59 (2): 633. http://via.library.depaul.edu/law-review/vol59/iss2/13. (Law Professor @ U of Illinois College of Law).~~ 24 + 25 +There is a focus on frivolous cases because of cost. Frivolous cases may 26 +AND 27 +, it also "frustrate~~s~~ settlement of legitimate suits. '51 28 + 29 + 30 +====To compensate courts would reduce the scope of constitutional rights==== 31 +**Fallon 11** ~~Richard H. Fallon, Jr., (The Ralph S. Tyler, Jr. Professor of Law, Harvard Law School). "Asking the Right Questions About Officer Immunity." 80 Fordham L. Rev. 479 (2011). http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol80/iss2/3~~ 32 +As another possible response to a world without official immunity, the Supreme Court might 33 +AND 34 +reasonable person could think a search reasonable, it is not unreasonable.56 35 + 36 + 37 +===Impact – Court Clog = Poor Public Defense === 38 + 39 + 40 +====Court clog causes inefficient public defenders; this destroys the justice system for poor minorities. ==== 41 +**Van Brunt 15** ~~Alexa. 2015. "Poor People Rely on Public Defenders Who Are Too Overworked to Defend Them." The Guardian, June 17, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jun/17/poor-rely-public-defenders-too-overworked. (Attorney and clinical assistant professor with the Roderick and Solange MacArthur Justice Center at Northwestern University Law School).~~ 42 +Money can buy you a great defense team, but what if you can't afford 43 +AND 44 +This group bears the brunt of our public defender systems' underfunding and overwork. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,53 @@ 1 +=Cap K= 2 + 3 +====The Police are inherently bad, not as individual agents but as a group because there were created to maintain the wealth of the bourgeoisie and subjugate the others within society==== 4 +**Wood 14** ~~Gregory Wood, 12-29-2014, "Stop Kidding Yourself: The Police Were Created to Control Working Class and Poor People," LAWCHA, http://lawcha.org/wordpress/2014/12/29/stop-kidding-police-created-control-working-class-poor-people/~~ 5 +In most of the liberal discussions of the recent police killings of unarmed black men 6 +AND 7 +class and poor people, whatever the individual feelings of the officers involved. 8 + 9 + 10 +====This is still the case to this day there has not been a change from this ideology – Change is needed==== 11 +**Wood 14** ~~Gregory Wood, 12-29-2014, "Stop Kidding Yourself: The Police Were Created to Control Working Class and Poor People," LAWCHA, http://lawcha.org/wordpress/2014/12/29/stop-kidding-police-created-control-working-class-poor-people/~~ 12 +Though some patrolmen tried to be kind and others were openly brutal, police violence 13 +AND 14 +And it's not what the current system of policing was created to be. 15 + 16 + 17 +====And Change must start with mass rejection of this ideology ==== 18 +**Wood 14** ~~Gregory Wood, 12-29-2014, "Stop Kidding Yourself: The Police Were Created to Control Working Class and Poor People," LAWCHA, http://lawcha.org/wordpress/2014/12/29/stop-kidding-police-created-control-working-class-poor-people/~~ 19 +If there is one positive lesson from the history of policing's origins, it is 20 +AND 21 +, not help them. They've continued to play that role ever since. 22 + 23 + 24 +====Police Maintain the power of the government and prevent structural change==== 25 +Anarchist People of Color 15 ~~"Anarchy in The Town", http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/anarchist-people-of-color-anarchy-in-the-town~~ 26 +Anarchism is against the government, straight up. The job of the government is 27 +AND 28 +us so that we never stand a chance at rising agains the elite. 29 + 30 + 31 +====Origin of Police is from slave patrolling==== 32 +**David and Kappeler 16** ~~M. David (Editor In Chief), 11-2-2016, "Police Originated From 'Slave Catching Patrols'," Counter Current News, http://countercurrentnews.com/2015/04/police-originated-from-slave-catching-patrols/~~ 33 +Victor E. Kappeler, Ph.D writes the following in "A Brief 34 +AND 35 +makes the case that police are here to enforce systemic and systematic racism? 36 + 37 + 38 +====Vote Negative to embrace the immanence of revolution against capitalism. ==== 39 + 40 +Rejection of the 1AC opens up the space of a revolutionary subjectivity – voting negative is to affirm the immanent presence of revolution – the only thing stopping it is the belief that it's not here. 41 +Zizek 04 Slavoj Zizek, Professor of Philosophy 2004, Revolution at the Gates, Zizek on Lenin – The 1917 Writings, p.259-260~~ 42 + 43 +As Deleuze saw very clearly, we cannot provide in advance an unambiguous criterion which will 44 +AND 45 +it is, as it were, its own ontological proof, an immediate index of its own truth. 46 + 47 + 48 + 49 +====Our alternative is a crucial step to breaking down capitalism. A constant intellectual attack on capitalism enables the paradigm shift necessary to overthrow capitalism.==== 50 +Kovel 02 Joel Kovel Professor of Social Studies 2002 (Joel, Alger Hiss Professor of Social Studies at Bard College, The Enemy of Nature: The End of Capitalism or the End of the World? pg 223-224) 51 +Revolutions become feasible when a people decides that their present social arrangements are intolerable, 52 +AND 53 +is not sharply defined incorporate the goal towards which it moves? - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,19 @@ 1 +==Thus the CP Text: == 2 + 3 + 4 +==== "Public Colleges and Universities in the united states ought not to restrict constitutionally protected speech except in the cases of Hate Speech"==== 5 + 6 + 7 +====Hate Speech is not protected by the 1st^^ amendment==== 8 +**Volokh 15** ~~Eugene Volokh is a UCLA law professor, 5-7-2015, "No, there's no "hate speech" exception to the First Amendment," https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2015/05/07/no-theres-no-hate-speech-exception-to-the-first-amendment/~~ 9 +I keep hearing about a supposed "hate speech" exception to the First Amendment 10 +AND 11 +with any established definition of "hate speech" that I know of.) 12 + 13 + 14 +====Free Speech is not equal, historical conditions create unequal's burdens. Hate speech directed at those less powerful have huge consequences on their ability to function equally.==== 15 +**Uelmen 90** ~~Gerald Uelmen is the dean of Santa Clara University School of Law and a fellow of the Center for Applied Ethics., "A pro-con discussion of speech codes and free speech", Nov 15, 1990 Campus Hate Speech Codes, Santa Clara University, https://www.scu.edu/character/resources/campus-hate-speech-codes/~~ - 16 + 17 +Those who advocate hate speech codes believe that the harm codes prevent is more important 18 +AND 19 +powerless. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,12 @@ 1 +====Microaggression reinforce power structures, they limit minorities abilities in the classroom. ==== 2 +**Wyer 15** ~~Kathy Wyer, 6-2-2015, "Microaggressions: What You Need to Know," UCLA, https://ampersand.gseis.ucla.edu/microaggressions-what-you-need-to-know~~ 3 +Oftentimes unconscious and automatic, microaggressions (MAs) are brief, subtle verbal or 4 +AND 5 +hostile learning environment and ultimately may undermine a student's ability to succeed academically. 6 + 7 + 8 +====Racial microaggression are just one layer to the system of oppression by people of color. Understanding and breaking them down is key==== 9 +**Hubera and Solozanob 14** ~~Pérez Hubera Advanced Studies in Education and Counseling, California State University, Long Beach, USA, and Daniel G. Solorzanob Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, USA 2014, "microaggressions as a tool for critical race research Lindsay", Race Ethnicity and Education, http://www.ucop.edu/academic-personnel-programs/_files/seminars/Racial_Microaggressions_Tool_Critical_Race20Research_PerezHuberSolorzano.pdf~~ 10 +Racial microaggression As mentioned earlier, racial microaggressions are a form of systemic, everyday 11 +AND 12 +the many forms it takes in the everyday lives of People of Color. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-01-06 21:29:14.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Jeffrey Richards - Opponent
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Newport JY - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +1 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +UPS