Summary

• Objects (1 modified, 1 added, 0 removed)
  • Caselist.RoundClass[8]
  • Caselist.CitesClass[9]

Details

Caselist.RoundClass[8]

EntryDate

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1		-2016-11-14 05:07:30.95
	1	+2016-11-14 05:07:30.0

Caselist.CitesClass[9]

Cites

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	1	+Affirming entails a shift towards more natural gas.
	2	+UCS ‘16: August 11, 2016. http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/coal-and-other-fossil-fuels/infographic-climate-change-risks-natural-gas.html#.V6wq5ZMrLs1.
	3	+Why is nuclear power projected to decline so dramatically? Nuclear power is expected to drop significantly over the coming decades as existing nuclear plants reach the ends of their lifetimes and are retired. Few new U.S. nuclear plants are expected to come online in the future, in large part because nuclear power is not currently economically competitive with other energy sources. Why is natural gas expected to provide the majority of U.S. electricity by 2050? Domestic supplies of natural gas have increased dramatically in recent years, due in large part to the development and expansion of hydraulic fracturing (fracking) drilling techniques. This increased supply – which is expected to continue for years – has lowered prices for natural gas, making it very cost-competitive compared to other energy sources.
	4	+Empirically, Germany proves.
	5	+Moslener ‘16: Ulf. “Natural Gas Expected to Replace Nuclear Energy in Germany.” Zew, August 11, 2016. http://www.zew.de/en/presse/pressearchiv/vor-allem-erdgas-soll-den-wegfall-von-atomstrom-in-deutschland-ersetzen/.
	6	+The "grey" scenario (i. e. the extension of coal and gas-fired power plants) is possibly based on the consideration that only today's economical technologies are believed capable of putting up with the immense capacity shortage resulting from the nuclear phase-out without threatening energy supply. The expectations of a "green" replacement scenario probably derive from the latest decisions on renewable energies and the nuclear phase-out. Assuming that the nuclear phase-out is to be completed by 2020, about 28 per cent of Germany's total electricity generation need be replaced until then. A major share of nuclear energy could be covered by expanding the use of renewable energies from today's 10 per cent to 20 per cent in 2020. This expansion is best combined with the construction of new gas power stations. Natural gas plays a key role in the energy policy debate because it is part of both, "grey" and "green" energy strategies and thus represents, at least to some extent, a consensus in energy policy. The EU and Germany, in particular, depend on energy imports. That is why changes to the energy mix, for example by significantly expanding gas-power plants as expected, will not remain without consequence. About 83 per cent of the experts assume that Germany's economic dependency on natural gas will rise over the next five years. By contrast, only 60 per cent expect this to be the case in the USA. A very different picture is painted in terms of crude oil. For Germany, approximately 47 per cent forecast rising and about 40 per cent stagnating economic dependency on oil. With regard to the USA, however, a clear majority of almost 73 per cent expects the dependency on crude oil to increase. German economic dependencies grow slower than those in the USA. This may reflect the expectations according to which German efforts to force back the dominance of oil are actually considered to have a certain chance of success.
	7	+Natural gas transition crushes renewables – dooms green tech.
	8	+Friedman ‘12: Thomas Friedman won the 2002 Pulitzer Prize for commentary, his third Pulitzer for The New York Times. He became the paper’s foreign-affairs Op-Ed columnist in 1995. Previously, he served as chief economic correspondent in the Washington bureau and before that he was the chief White House correspondent. In 2005, Mr. Friedman was elected as a member of the Pulitzer Prize Board (Thomas L. Friedman, NYT, 4 August 2012, “Get It Right on Gas,” http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/05/opinion/sunday/friedman-get-it-right-on-gas.html?_r=1)AB
	9	+That is the question — because natural gas is still a fossil fuel. The good news: It emits only half as much greenhouse gas as coal when combusted and, therefore, contributes only half as much to global warming. The better news: The recent glut has made it inexpensive to deploy. But there is a hidden, long-term, cost: A sustained gas glut could undermine new investments in wind, solar, nuclear and energy efficiency systems — which have zero emissions — and thus keep us addicted to fossil fuels for decades. That would be reckless. This year’s global extremes of droughts and floods are totally consistent with models of disruptive, nonlinear climate change. After record warm temperatures in the first half of this year, it was no surprise to find last week that the Department of Agriculture has now designated more than half of all U.S. counties — 1,584 in 32 states — as primary disaster areas where crops and grazing areas have been ravaged by drought. That is why on May 29 the British newspaper The Guardian quoted Fatih Birol, the chief economist for the International Energy Agency, as saying that “a golden age for gas is not necessarily a golden age for the climate” — if natural gas ends up sinking renewables. Maria van der Hoeven, executive director of the I.E.A., urged governments to keep in place subsidies and regulations to encourage investments in wind, solar and other renewables “for years to come” so they remain competitive
	10	+Natural gas production drives warming.
	11	+Howarth and Ingraffea ‘11: Robert W. Howarth (David R. Atkinson Professor of Ecology and Environmental Biology at Cornell) Tony Ingraffea (the Dwight C. Baum Professor of Engineering at Cornell) and Renee Santoro (a research technician in ecology and evolutionary biology at Cornell) April 2011 “Methane and the greenhouse-gas footprint of natural gas from shale formations” http://www.sustainablefuture.cornell.edu/news/attachments/Howarth-EtAl-2011.pdf
	12	+We evaluate the greenhouse gas footprint of natural gas obtained by highvolume hydraulic fracturing from shale formations, focusing on methane emissions. Natural gas is composed largely of methane, and 3.6 to 7.9 of the methane from shale-gas production escapes to the atmosphere in venting and leaks over the lifetime of a well. These methane emissions are at least 30 more than and perhaps more than twice as great as those from conventional gas. The higher emissions from shale gas occur at the time wells are hydraulically fractured—as methane escapes from flow-back return fluids—and during drill out following the fracturing. Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential that is far greater than that of carbon dioxide, particularly over the time horizon of the first few decades following emission. Methane contributes substantially to the greenhouse gas footprint of shale gas on shorter time scales, dominating it on a 20-year time horizon. The footprint for shale gas is greater than that for conventional gas or oil when viewed on any time horizon, but particularly so over 20 years. Compared to coal, the footprint of shale gas is at least 20 greater and perhaps more than twice as great on the 20-year horizon and is comparable when compared over 100 years.
	13	+Increases structural violence and legitimizes oppression
	14	+insert card here

EntryDate

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	1	+2016-11-14 05:07:31.532

Judge

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	1	+x

Opponent

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ParentRound

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	1	+8

Round

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	1	+1

Team

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	1	+Sunset bhat Neg

Title

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	1	+SO - Natural Gas DA

Tournament

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	1	+St Marks