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... ... @@ -1,20 +1,0 @@ 1 -Epistemology comes first because labeling things moral or immoral is just a function of knowledge. We need to know how we know what right and wrong are before we can pick the best definition. A priori reasoning is impossible so the only epistemologically sound basis for morality is experience. 2 - 3 -Schwartz 09 “A Defense of Naïve Empiricism: It is Neither Self-Refuting Nor Dogmatic.” Stephen P. Schwartz. Ithaca College. pp.1-14. 4 - The empirical support …an empirical claim. 5 - 6 -All humans experience the badness of pain and the goodness of pleasure. 7 - 8 -Nagel Thomas Nagel, The View From Nowhere, HUP, 1986: 156-168. 9 -I shall defend … the appearances here. 10 - 11 -Thus, because each agent values their own pleasure, they must also value the pleasure of others. 12 - 13 -Sayre-McCord Geoffrey Sayre-McCord "Mill's "Proof" of the Principle of Utility: A More than Half-Hearted Defense" volume 18, number 2 Spring 2001, 330-360. www.unc.edu/~gsmunc/phil22/Mill's_Proof.pdf 14 -According to the … of all the rest. 15 - 16 -Therefore, since we have no non-arbitrary reason to value our own pleasure over the pleasure of others, the standard is maximizing expected wellbeing. Prefer additionally: 17 - 18 -1. Topic Education – Util forces debates about what actually happens in the real world because we have to use empirics and analyze the consequences of the plan versus neg advocacy. This increases topic education because it forces research on the effects of the resolution and thus learn more about the topic. Topic education is key to education because we use it in the real-world to talk about current topics. 19 - 20 -2. Exclusion – Util is the least exclusive because (a) it’s the easiest to understand: most net benefits equals a win (b) it doesn’t require access to private sites such as jstor and (c) it’s largely influenced by weighing, which is unconstrained by resources. Exclusion comes first as we ought to maximize opportunities for people to join the activity before we can debate about their experience. Exclusion outweighs because people need to be in debate to get any benefits from it. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,4 +1,0 @@ 1 -Use epistemic modesty to account for the nonzero chance that you are wrong on the framework debate. That’s probability of the moral framework being true multiplied by the value of an action under that framework 2 - 3 -Christensen 13 David Christensen, Professor of Philosophy @ Brown University, “Epistemic Modesty Defended”. The Epistemology of Disagreement: New Essays, edited by David Christensen and Jennifer Lackey, Oxford University Press, 2013 4 -One might, of …epistemic modesty entirely. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,20 +1,0 @@ 1 -First is CP Text: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech except in the case of the nonconsensual distribution of sexually explicit images. 2 - 3 -Second is the DA: 4 - 5 -A. Uniqueness: The nonconsensual distribution of sexually explicit images is constitutionally protected speech – aff allows it on college campuses. 6 - 7 -Goldberg 16 – Bracketed for potentially offensive language Erica Goldberg Columbia Law Review Volume 116, No. 3 April 2016 "FREE SPEECH CONSEQUENTIALISM" 8 -States have begun …free speech regime. 9 - 10 -B. Link: CP solves – deters perpetrators and creates a cultural shift. 11 - 12 -Citron and Franks 14 Danielle Keats Citron, Mary Anne Franks. "CRIMINALIZING REVENGE PORN" 4/21/2014 https://www.law.yale.edu/system/files/area/center/isp/documents/danielle_citron_-_criminalizing_revenge_porn_-_fesc.pdf Danielle Keats Citron is a Lois K. Macht Research Professor and Professor of Law, University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law; Affiliate Scholar, Stanford Center on Internet and Society; Affiliate Fellow, Yale Information Society Project. Mary Anne Franks is an Associate Professor of Law, University of Miami School of Law. 13 - 14 -As this discussion … porn site operators. 15 - 16 -C. Impact: Non-consensual image distribution causes chilling effect for survivors who are afraid to speak out and are silenced. Causes psychological violence. 17 - 18 -Citron and Franks 14 – Bracketed for potentially offensive language Danielle Keats Citron, Mary Anne Franks. "CRIMINALIZING REVENGE PORN" 4/21/2014 https://www.law.yale.edu/system/files/area/center/isp/documents/danielle_citron_-_criminalizing_revenge_porn_-_fesc.pdf Danielle Keats Citron is a Lois K. Macht Research Professor and Professor of Law, University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law; Affiliate Scholar, Stanford Center on Internet and Society; Affiliate Fellow, Yale Information Society Project. Mary Anne Franks is an Associate Professor of Law, University of Miami School of Law. 19 - 20 -Victims’ fear can be …of sex discrimination. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,13 +1,0 @@ 1 -The standard is combatting material inequalities. This is the most epistemologically sound starting point for moral decisions. 2 - 3 -Mills 05, Charles, 2005, Ideal Theory” as Ideology, 4 - 5 -The crucial common …male-dominated philosophical literature. 6 - 7 -3 implications: 8 - 9 -First, only non-ideal theory is inclusive of all perspectives, increasing the probability that ethical deliberation can come to sound conclusions since exclusion of voices leads to privileged views of ethics that become ivory tower. 10 - 11 -Second, only this framework is motivating: oppressed groups cant participate in the aff framework which means they cant be compelled to action. That’s a prerequisite to ethics - if no one can adopt a theory it has no use. 12 - 13 -Third, non-ideal theory necessitates consequentialism since instead of following rules that assume an already equal playing field, we take steps to correct the material injustice. This means that the MOST important impacts in this debate are the lives of materially oppressed people living in the status quo. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,11 +1,0 @@ 1 -Voting aff increases the amount of hate speech – 2 - 3 -a. The plan legitimizes and legalizes hate speech which means people will take advantage of the lack of regulation and will start saying racist things because there is no fear of recourse and it is socially acceptable 4 - 5 -b. Your solvency relies on hate speech increasing – the only way counter speech works is if we know who the racists are because they say racist things out loud, which means double bind – either (a) hate speech doesn’t increase and your solvency is denied and you vote negative on presumption because you need to justify a shift from the squo or (b) your solvency is true, and you increase hate speech 6 - 7 -This causes psychological violence and internalized hatred. Even if speech codes don’t decrease hate speech, codes stop the impression that hate speech can go unpunished. 8 - 9 -Delgado and Stefacic 09, Richard Delgado - University Professor, Seattle University School of Law; J.D., 1974, University of California, Berkeley. Jean Stefancic – Research Professor, Seattle University School of Law; M.A., 1989, University of San Francisco. “FOUR OBSERVATIONS ABOUT HATE SPEECH.” WAKE FOREST LAW REVIEW. 2009. http://wakeforestlawreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Delgado_LawReview_01.09.pdf, 10 - 11 -II. OBSERVATION NUMBER TWO: THE … to that result?97 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,9 +1,0 @@ 1 -1. Reverse enforcement is empirically denied- FBI studies prove 2 - 3 -Delgado and Yun 94 Richard Delgado - Charles Inglis Thomson Professor of Law, University of Colorado. J.D. 1974, University of California, Berkeley. David H. Yun – Member of the Colorado Bar. J.D. 1993, University of Colorado. “Pressure Valves and Bloodied Chickens: An Analysis of Paternalistic Objections to Hate Speech Regulation.” California Law Review. 1994. http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1712andcontext=californialawreview 4 -B. The "Reverse Enforcement" … minorities seems remote. 5 - 6 -2. Empirically denied – Wisconsin’s speech codes prove that only racists are punished. 7 - 8 -Hodulik 91 Hodulik, Patricia University of Wisconsin-Madison. Senior System Legal Counsel, University of Wisconsin System Administration. “Racist Speech on Campus.” Wayne Law Review. 1990-1991. 9 -A further concern ,,, cases at Wisconsin. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,4 +1,0 @@ 1 -Turn –alt-right exploits the idea of free speech to develop a platform and becomes legitimate – the free speech of the 1AC allows white supremacist groups to become legitimized 2 - 3 -Burley 16 Burley, Shane Contributor, Waging Nonviolence “How the Alt Right is trying to create a ‘safe space’ for racism on college campuses.” Waging Nonviolence October 2016 4 -A murmur began … ‘we’re here,’” Spencer explained. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,4 +1,0 @@ 1 -Status quo solves – you can organize an independent newspaper or make a website and it’s been done at several colleges already 2 - 3 -Kabay 10 Kabay, M.E. Network World “Free speech issues: Controlling content in college newspapers.” Network World. December 2010. 4 -If students feel …non-random sample data. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,38 +1,0 @@ 1 -Their attempts to preserve life may seem benign, but allowing for the ego’s continual creation of new generations just condemns more people to a world of finitude and pain. Physical existence is bad and we should withdraw any affirmation of it 2 - 3 -Luchte 09 James (03/16/2009). "The Body of Sublime Knowledge: The Aesthetic Phenomenology of Arthur Schopenhauer". Heythrop journal (0018-1196), 50 (2), p. 228. 4 -Returning to Schopenhauer's … the preparation for death. 5 - 6 -Fear of death is a function of the ego’s separation from externality; death is an illusion because our bodies are always already dead and dying—surrender is key to transcendence. 7 - 8 -Chopra 05 Deepak, M.D. Chairman and co-founder of the chopra center for wellbeing, The Absolute Break Between Life and Death Is an Illusion, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/deepak-chopra/the-absolute-break-betwee_b_4843.html 9 -What bothers people …as the one reality. 10 - 11 -Embracing death is the gateway to transcendence and the solution to all earthly problems 12 -Chopra 07 Deepak, India Abroad, (New york edition) new york, n.y. feb 2. vol. 37, iss. 18; pg. A12) 13 -I do not think … be destroyed then. 14 - 15 -Linearity is a myth – time and space are constructions of perception. Death doesn’t really exist because the physical world is an illusion—immortal life is consciousness and it exists outside of time. 16 - 17 -Lanza 09 Robert Lanza is considered one of the leading scientists in the world. He is currently Chief Scientific Officer at Advanced Cell Technology, and a professor at Wake Forest University School of Medicine. "Does Death Exist? New Theory Says 'No'", http://www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-lanza/does-death-exist-new-theo_b_384515.html 18 -Consider an experiment …of time altogether. 19 - 20 -Nuclear winter causes fast timeframe extinction of physical existence and that is the ultimate good – causes nirvana – superior to individual suffering, death, suicide and grief as we go one by one in this meaningless torture chamber. 21 - 22 -Dolan 02 John Dolan, PhD in the writing of the Marquis de Sade from UC Berkeley, professor and essayist, “The Case for Nuclear Winter,” April 21, 2002 23 -There are no … air, and then Nirvana. 24 - 25 -The aff’s fear of death creates a tunnel-vision focus and privileges speculation and fear over concrete risk assessment based on the probability of impacts which guarantees error replication and serial policy failure 26 - 27 -Furedi 10 Frank Furedi, professor of sociology at the University of Kent and author of several books, “Fear is key to irresponsibility”, 10/9/2010, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/opinion/fear-is-key-to-irresponsibility/story-e6frg6zo-1225935797740 28 -In the 21st century …ban on air traffic. 29 - 30 -Representations must precede specific argumentation. 31 - 32 -Crawford 02 Neta, PhD MA MIT, BA Brown, Prof. of poli sci at Boston University, “Argument and Change in World Politics”, p. 19-21 33 -Coherent arguments are …is a meta-argument. 34 - 35 -Questions of representations come first – the way we discuss policy is more important than policy itself. 36 - 37 -Doty 96 Roxanne Lynn Doty, Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science at Arizona State University, 1996 (Imperial Encounters: The Politics of Representation in North-South Relations, University of Minnesota Press, Borderlines Series, ISBN 0816627622, p. 5-6) 38 -This study begins … military, and economic power. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,3 @@ 1 +Interpretation: The affirmative must defend that public colleges and universities in general ought not to restrict constitutionally restricted speech and must not defend that only a single college or university ought not to restrict speech. 2 + 3 +Interpretation: The affirmative must defend that public colleges and universities ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech. To clarify, they cannot defend that public colleges and universities ought not restrict a specific type of constitutionally protected speech. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,20 @@ 1 +Epistemology comes first because labeling things moral or immoral is just a function of knowledge. We need to know how we know what right and wrong are before we can pick the best definition. A priori reasoning is impossible so the only epistemologically sound basis for morality is experience. 2 + 3 +Schwartz 09 “A Defense of Naïve Empiricism: It is Neither Self-Refuting Nor Dogmatic.” Stephen P. Schwartz. Ithaca College. pp.1-14. 4 + The empirical support …an empirical claim. 5 + 6 +All humans experience the badness of pain and the goodness of pleasure. 7 + 8 +Nagel Thomas Nagel, The View From Nowhere, HUP, 1986: 156-168. 9 +I shall defend … the appearances here. 10 + 11 +Thus, because each agent values their own pleasure, they must also value the pleasure of others. 12 + 13 +Sayre-McCord Geoffrey Sayre-McCord "Mill's "Proof" of the Principle of Utility: A More than Half-Hearted Defense" volume 18, number 2 Spring 2001, 330-360. www.unc.edu/~gsmunc/phil22/Mill's_Proof.pdf 14 +According to the … of all the rest. 15 + 16 +Therefore, since we have no non-arbitrary reason to value our own pleasure over the pleasure of others, the standard is maximizing expected wellbeing. Prefer additionally: 17 + 18 +1. Topic Education – Util forces debates about what actually happens in the real world because we have to use empirics and analyze the consequences of the plan versus neg advocacy. This increases topic education because it forces research on the effects of the resolution and thus learn more about the topic. Topic education is key to education because we use it in the real-world to talk about current topics. 19 + 20 +2. Exclusion – Util is the least exclusive because (a) it’s the easiest to understand: most net benefits equals a win (b) it doesn’t require access to private sites such as jstor and (c) it’s largely influenced by weighing, which is unconstrained by resources. Exclusion comes first as we ought to maximize opportunities for people to join the activity before we can debate about their experience. Exclusion outweighs because people need to be in debate to get any benefits from it. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,4 @@ 1 +Use epistemic modesty to account for the nonzero chance that you are wrong on the framework debate. That’s probability of the moral framework being true multiplied by the value of an action under that framework 2 + 3 +Christensen 13 David Christensen, Professor of Philosophy @ Brown University, “Epistemic Modesty Defended”. The Epistemology of Disagreement: New Essays, edited by David Christensen and Jennifer Lackey, Oxford University Press, 2013 4 +One might, of …epistemic modesty entirely. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,13 @@ 1 +The standard is combatting material inequalities. This is the most epistemologically sound starting point for moral decisions. 2 + 3 +Mills 05, Charles, 2005, Ideal Theory” as Ideology, 4 + 5 +The crucial common …male-dominated philosophical literature. 6 + 7 +3 implications: 8 + 9 +First, only non-ideal theory is inclusive of all perspectives, increasing the probability that ethical deliberation can come to sound conclusions since exclusion of voices leads to privileged views of ethics that become ivory tower. 10 + 11 +Second, only this framework is motivating: oppressed groups cant participate in the aff framework which means they cant be compelled to action. That’s a prerequisite to ethics - if no one can adopt a theory it has no use. 12 + 13 +Third, non-ideal theory necessitates consequentialism since instead of following rules that assume an already equal playing field, we take steps to correct the material injustice. This means that the MOST important impacts in this debate are the lives of materially oppressed people living in the status quo. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,11 @@ 1 +Voting aff increases the amount of hate speech – 2 + 3 +a. The plan legitimizes and legalizes hate speech which means people will take advantage of the lack of regulation and will start saying racist things because there is no fear of recourse and it is socially acceptable 4 + 5 +b. Your solvency relies on hate speech increasing – the only way counter speech works is if we know who the racists are because they say racist things out loud, which means double bind – either (a) hate speech doesn’t increase and your solvency is denied and you vote negative on presumption because you need to justify a shift from the squo or (b) your solvency is true, and you increase hate speech 6 + 7 +This causes psychological violence and internalized hatred. Even if speech codes don’t decrease hate speech, codes stop the impression that hate speech can go unpunished. 8 + 9 +Delgado and Stefacic 09, Richard Delgado - University Professor, Seattle University School of Law; J.D., 1974, University of California, Berkeley. Jean Stefancic – Research Professor, Seattle University School of Law; M.A., 1989, University of San Francisco. “FOUR OBSERVATIONS ABOUT HATE SPEECH.” WAKE FOREST LAW REVIEW. 2009. http://wakeforestlawreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Delgado_LawReview_01.09.pdf, 10 + 11 +II. OBSERVATION NUMBER TWO: THE … to that result?97 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,9 @@ 1 +1. Reverse enforcement is empirically denied- FBI studies prove 2 + 3 +Delgado and Yun 94 Richard Delgado - Charles Inglis Thomson Professor of Law, University of Colorado. J.D. 1974, University of California, Berkeley. David H. Yun – Member of the Colorado Bar. J.D. 1993, University of Colorado. “Pressure Valves and Bloodied Chickens: An Analysis of Paternalistic Objections to Hate Speech Regulation.” California Law Review. 1994. http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1712andcontext=californialawreview 4 +B. The "Reverse Enforcement" … minorities seems remote. 5 + 6 +2. Empirically denied – Wisconsin’s speech codes prove that only racists are punished. 7 + 8 +Hodulik 91 Hodulik, Patricia University of Wisconsin-Madison. Senior System Legal Counsel, University of Wisconsin System Administration. “Racist Speech on Campus.” Wayne Law Review. 1990-1991. 9 +A further concern ,,, cases at Wisconsin. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,4 @@ 1 +Turn –alt-right exploits the idea of free speech to develop a platform and becomes legitimate – the free speech of the 1AC allows white supremacist groups to become legitimized 2 + 3 +Burley 16 Burley, Shane Contributor, Waging Nonviolence “How the Alt Right is trying to create a ‘safe space’ for racism on college campuses.” Waging Nonviolence October 2016 4 +A murmur began … ‘we’re here,’” Spencer explained. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,4 @@ 1 +Status quo solves – you can organize an independent newspaper or make a website and it’s been done at several colleges already 2 + 3 +Kabay 10 Kabay, M.E. Network World “Free speech issues: Controlling content in college newspapers.” Network World. December 2010. 4 +If students feel …non-random sample data. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,20 @@ 1 +First is CP Text: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech except in the case of the nonconsensual distribution of sexually explicit images. 2 + 3 +Second is the DA: 4 + 5 +A. Uniqueness: The nonconsensual distribution of sexually explicit images is constitutionally protected speech – aff allows it on college campuses. 6 + 7 +Goldberg 16 – Bracketed for potentially offensive language Erica Goldberg Columbia Law Review Volume 116, No. 3 April 2016 "FREE SPEECH CONSEQUENTIALISM" 8 +States have begun …free speech regime. 9 + 10 +B. Link: CP solves – deters perpetrators and creates a cultural shift. 11 + 12 +Citron and Franks 14 Danielle Keats Citron, Mary Anne Franks. "CRIMINALIZING REVENGE PORN" 4/21/2014 https://www.law.yale.edu/system/files/area/center/isp/documents/danielle_citron_-_criminalizing_revenge_porn_-_fesc.pdf Danielle Keats Citron is a Lois K. Macht Research Professor and Professor of Law, University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law; Affiliate Scholar, Stanford Center on Internet and Society; Affiliate Fellow, Yale Information Society Project. Mary Anne Franks is an Associate Professor of Law, University of Miami School of Law. 13 + 14 +As this discussion … porn site operators. 15 + 16 +C. Impact: Non-consensual image distribution causes chilling effect for survivors who are afraid to speak out and are silenced. Causes psychological violence. 17 + 18 +Citron and Franks 14 – Bracketed for potentially offensive language Danielle Keats Citron, Mary Anne Franks. "CRIMINALIZING REVENGE PORN" 4/21/2014 https://www.law.yale.edu/system/files/area/center/isp/documents/danielle_citron_-_criminalizing_revenge_porn_-_fesc.pdf Danielle Keats Citron is a Lois K. Macht Research Professor and Professor of Law, University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law; Affiliate Scholar, Stanford Center on Internet and Society; Affiliate Fellow, Yale Information Society Project. Mary Anne Franks is an Associate Professor of Law, University of Miami School of Law. 19 + 20 +Victims’ fear can be …of sex discrimination. - EntryDate
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