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+A – Interpretation: Affirmative debaters must defend that public colleges and universities in the United States end restrictions on constitutionally protected speech through governmental implementation of a policy. |
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+Resolved implies a policy |
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+Louisiana House 05 -8-2005, http://house.louisiana.gov/house-glossary.htm |
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+Resolution A legislative instrument that generally is used for making declarations, stating policies, and making decisions where some other form is not required. A bill includes the constitutionally required enacting clause; a resolution uses the term "resolved". Not subject to a time limit for introduction nor to governor's veto. ( Const. Art. III, §17(B) and House Rules 8.11 , 13.1 , 6.8 , and 7.4) |
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+1. Predictable Limits - The resolution proposes the question the negative is prepared to answer and creates a bounded list of potential affs for us to think about. Their interpretation allows any plausible relation to the topic – Deleuze affs, fem rage, cap affs, Wilderson affs, etc. This pigeonholes the negative into generic state bad Ks literally every round which kills education and means you’ll be prepped on the two or three Ks that respond to your aff. Debate has unique potential to change attitudes and grow critical thinking skills because it forces pre-round internal deliberation on a focused, common ground of debate. And, a limited topic of discussion that provides for equitable ground is key to decision-making and advocacy skills |
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+Steinberg and Freeley 08 *Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, AND **David L. Steinberg , Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp45- |
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+Debate is a … the following discussion. |
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+AND, Limits are independently necessary – the alternative is a world in which only the most privileged can participate. Turns your ROB and means we come before the aff. |
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+Harris 13 Scott Harris (Director of Debate at U Kansas, 2006 National Debate Coach of the Year, Vice President of the American Forensic Association, 2nd speaker at the NDT in 1981). “This ballot.” 5 April 2013. CEDA Forums. http://www.cedadebate.org/forum/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=4762.0;attach=1655 |
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+I understand that …my everyday existence. |
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+Fairness is key to effective dialogue~-~--monopolizing strategy makes discussion one-sided and subverts inclusion of the neg~-~-- turns their inclusion arguments |
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+Galloway 7 Samford Comm prof (Ryan, Contemporary Argumentation and Debate, Vol. 28, 2007) |
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+Debate as a …benefits of topical advocacy. |
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+Going for a prefiat rejection of FW is inconsistent with their role of the ballot arguments and re-enforces authoritarianism – the terms of debate should be up for debate. |
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+ Schaap 06 Andrew Schaap University of Exeter, BA(Hons) Melbourne, MSc, PhD Edinburgh, teaches contemporary political theory and critical IR theory, "Agonism in divided societies" Published in Philosophy and Social Criticism 32(2) (2006): 255-277. |
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+Agonistic democrats, by …of political action. |