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+Educational spaces like debate are not neutral – they can either be unique sites for creating change or can reproduce settler colonialism. The way we engage in pedagogy influences whether we reproduce domination or develop a critical consciousness. To create an emancipatory educational space, we must develop a critical consciousness against colonialism. Thus, the role of the ballot is to engage in Red Pedagogy, and affirm the best methodology for deconstructing settler colonialism. |
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+Grande 04 Sandy Grande “Red Pedagogy” 2004 |
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+As we raise … and to be. |
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+And, The condition of ethics is a system of recognition – subjectivity is created in response to our relations with others. These relationships of recognition are governed by norms that precede any individual subject and condition how subjects interact with each other. |
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+Butler 01 Judith Butler Winter 2001 “Giving an Account of Oneself” |
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+In all the … condition it supplies. |
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+And, Universal truths that are applied to specific situations don’t account for recognition because they attempt to generate rules before an event has happened and apply it after the event it has occurred, but ethical obligations only exist in relations to others. |
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+And, power relations in social frames affect the specific form that recognition takes, but recognition is a prerequisite to any normative system regardless of the distribution of power. |
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+Butler 01 Judith Butler Winter 2001 “Giving an Account of Oneself” |
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+Although the Hegelian … story be- comes impossible. |
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+And, in order to generate obligations about what an agent ought to do, you have to acknowledge the importance of recognition because under any distribution of power, recognition determines obligations to other. Absent a conception of recognition in 1NC Ks, reject the K because it doesn’t account for how agents move within the power relations that it critiques, so it can’t generate actions. |
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+And, the value of a life depends on its grievability, its ability to be mourned – Some lives are excluded from these systems of recognition which leaves them vulnerable to the violence of social exclusion. |
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+Butler 09 |
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+We read about … from the start. |
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+Thus, the standard is Recognizing the Grievability of Lives. This framework contextualizes what oppression is and how we can solve oppression. |
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+And, Impact Calc: |
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+A. Grievability rejects ends based evaluation because recognition is a relationship we have between individuals that cannot be aggregated or compared to other relationships, so offense back to the standard constitutes the potential for recognizing others within our ethical frame, not the quality or quantity of recognition that we have. |
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+B. Arguments based in static notions of identity don’t link back to the standard because the recognition they require is not including individuals but isolating a characteristic of those individuals to recognize. |
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+C. The method of the aff is the principal of recognition, if you find a problem that people aren’t included, the response shouldn’t be just to reject the principal but to change the world to recognize them and bring them into the moral sphere – that what the aff does. If you don’t engage in that method you can’t generate obligations for correct courses of actions because you can’t revise them, you would just reject them |
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+D. Intelligability may cause ontological harm, but you can only generate obligations as to what agents should do if you understand yourself and others as a subject so we should accept the harms of recognition because without recognition there is no way to take actions because obligations take the form of agent x ought to do y. |
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+And, I advocate that countries ought to prohibit production of nuclear power as a general maxim – however I’ll accept neg preferences on spec and implementation in CX so long as they don’t force me to abandon the general maxim. |
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+The effects of nuclear power production destroy Indigenous communities through hidden uranium mining and waste depositing. These disasters are kept hidden from and ignored by the public. |
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+Matsunaga 06 Kyoko Matsunaga April 2006 "POSTAPOCALYPTIC VISION AND SURVIVANCE: NUCLEAR WRITINGS IN NATIVE AMERICA AND JAPAN" |
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+The impact of … as nuclear colonization. |
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+And, nuclear development relies upon the rhetorical exclusion and non recognition of the demands of marginalized communities. |
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+Endres 09 Danielle Endres 2009 "The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision" www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14791420802632103 |
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+Nuclear colonialism is … against the site. |
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+And, governments constantly justify nuclear colonialism on indigenous lands without taking into account the effects on indigenous communities. Current policies don’t view them as grievable. |
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+Endres 09 |
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+Before attending to … sovereignty, nuclearism and colonialism, to which I now turn. |