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+The standard is rejecting structural oppression. |
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+The nature of governments necessitates pragmatic policy. |
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+Martin Rhonheimer. “The Political Ethos of Constitutional Democracy and the Place of Natural Law in Public Reason: Rawls's "Political Liberalism" Revisited” http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1364andcontext=ajj |
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+“It is a fundamental feature of political philosophy to be part of practical philosophy |
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+AND |
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+and its inherent logic of specifically political justification constitute "public reason." “ |
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+This means that a) you reject abstract ethical theories—at the end of the day, no one cares whether they willed a contradiction or not, but rather the government concerns itself with outcomes of its actions, and b) absent of the neg explaining why they link to political philosophy, you default my framework. |
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+Governments have an obligation to reject forms of structural oppression—it prevents voices from being heard and comes first under any framework. |
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+WINTER AND LEIGHTON – D. D. Winter and Dana Leighton. “STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE SECTION INTRODUCTION”. 6/1/99 http://sites.saumag.edu/danaleighton/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2015/09/SVintro-2.pdf |
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+“Finally, to recognize the operation of structural violence forces us to ask questions |
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+AND |
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+anger, and begin to think about how to reduce structural violence. “ |
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+Advantage 1: Dissent |
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+The idea that the authority figures become the arbiter of acceptable speech causes a crack down on dissent and kills minority views from even being heard in the first place. |
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+Anthony L. Fisher 17 (associate editor at Reason.com, where his beats include criminal justice, civil liberties, free speech, and foreign affairs. He is also a sports and culture columnist at The Week.). “The free speech problem on campus is real. It will ultimately hurt dissidents”. Vox, Jan 2, 2017. http://www.vox.com/the-big-idea/2016/12/13/13931524/free-speech-pen-america-campus-censorship RC |
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+It’s already happening. Just ask the Palestinian activists whose boycott campaigns against Israel have |
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+AND |
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+"safe space" from such "offensive" expressions of free speech. |
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+Communication between individuals is necessary—deeming some words as unworthy undermines certain backgrounds and identities which hinders students’ ability to create meaningful dialogue. |
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+Anthony L. Fisher 2 (associate editor at Reason.com, where his beats include criminal justice, civil liberties, free speech, and foreign affairs. He is also a sports and culture columnist at The Week.). “The free speech problem on campus is real. It will ultimately hurt dissidents”. Vox, Jan 2, 2017. http://www.vox.com/the-big-idea/2016/12/13/13931524/free-speech-pen-america-campus-censorship RC |
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+The authors express the need — “in an increasingly multicultural nation” — to |
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+AND |
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+to some — but in today’s campus climate, it’s an important intervention. |
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+Bans on things like hate speech are hopelessly short sighted—it just treats the symptom of the problem in exchange for feel-good politics. |
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+Anthony L. Fisher 3 (associate editor at Reason.com, where his beats include criminal justice, civil liberties, free speech, and foreign affairs. He is also a sports and culture columnist at The Week.). “The free speech problem on campus is real. It will ultimately hurt dissidents”. Vox, Jan 2, 2017. http://www.vox.com/the-big-idea/2016/12/13/13931524/free-speech-pen-america-campus-censorship RC |
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+The discussion of "safe spaces" has become one of the most divisive subsections |
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+AND |
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+their own speech silenced when opponents claim offense, fear, or discomfort. |
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+And, words only have as much power as you give you them. Negating just causes impact replication and people will just create new forms of hate speech. |
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+Kurtz and Oscarson ’03 - Members of National Council of Teachers of English Conference on College Composition and Communication 2k3 (Anna, Christopher, “BookTalk: Revising the Discourse of Hate,” ProQuest) |
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+However, Butler also argues that the daily, repeated use of words opens a |
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+AND |
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+might be able to create spaces for learning in which everyone feels safe. |
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+Even if free speech might not be the perfect solution, it is comparatively better to any other alternative—restrictions just make the problem worse. |
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+Kenan Malik 12 (Indian-born English writer, lecturer and broadcaster, trained in neurobiology and the history of science.). “Why Hate Speech Should Not Be Banned”. Pandemonium, 2012. https://kenanmalik.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/why-hate-speech-should-not-be-banned/ |
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+And in practice, you cannot reduce or eliminate bigotry simply by banning it. |
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+AND |
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+changes and because minorities themselves stood up to the bigotry and fought back. |
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+Advantage 2: The Liberal Bubble |
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+Silencing bigots only re-entrenches their position and galvanizes their opposition to social justice movements |
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+Levinovitz 16 Alan Levinovitz, assistant professor of religion at James Madison University, “How Trigger Warnings Silence Religious Students,” The Atlantic, August 30, 2016, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/08/silencing-religious-students-on-campus/497951/ |
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+ There is no doubt that in America, the perspective of white, heterosexual |
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+AND |
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+deeply held beliefs. It would be a shame to execute him again. |
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+Allowing for freedom of discussion solves better for issues of hate speech. |
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+ACLU Hate Speech On Campus, https://www.aclu.org/other/hate-speech-campus |
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+Where racist, sexist and homophobic speech is concerned, the ACLU believes that more |
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+AND |
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+, possibly change them, and forge solidarity against the forces of intolerance. |
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+Censorship is deconstructive and regressive and turns any criticism – blocking the freedom of speech will only guarantee the domination of current prevailing discursive practices. |
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+Ward 90 ( David V. Ph.D. Professor of Philosophy at Widener University in Pennsylvania. “Library Trends” Philosophical Issues in Censorship and Intellectual Freedom, Volume 39, Nos 1 and 2. Summer/Fall 1990. Pages 86-87) Second, even if the opinion some wish to censor is largely false, it may contain some portion of truth, a portion denied us if we suppress the speech which contains it. The third reason for allowing free expression is that any opinion “however true it may be, if it is not fully, frequently, and fearlessly discussed, ... will be held as a dead dogma, not a living truth” (Mill, 1951, p. 126). Merely believing the truth is not enough, Mill points out, for even a true opinion held without full and rich understanding of its justification is “a prejudice, a belief independent of, and proof against, argument-this is not the way in which truth ought to be held by a rational being. This is not knowing the truth. Truth, thus held, is but one superstition the more, accidentally clinging to the words which enunciate a truth” (p. 127). Fourth, the meaning of a doctrine held without the understanding which arises in the vigorous debate of its truth, “will be in danger of being lost, or enfeebled, and deprived of its vital effect on the character and conduct the dogma becoming a mere formal profession, inefficacious for good, but cumbering the ground, and preventing the growth of any real and heartfelt conviction, from reason or personal experience” (p. 149). Censorship, then, is undesirable according to Mill because, whether the ideas censored are true or not, the consequences of suppression are bad. Censorship is wrong because it makes it less likely that truth will be discovered or preserved, and it is wrong because it has destructive consequences for the intellectual character of those who live under it. Deontological arguments in favor of freedom of expression, and of intellectual freedom in general, are based on claims that people are entitled to freely express their thoughts, and to receive the expressions made by others, quite independently of whether the effects of that speech are desirable or not. These entitlements take the form of rights, rights to both free expression and access to the expressions of others. |
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+Advantage 3: Unions |
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+Public sector unions are rooted in the ICC, which allows states to suppress labor movement in public universities. |
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+Shaun Richman 16 (former organizing director for the American Federation of Teachers). “How ‘Friedrichs’ Could Actually Unleash Unions from Decades of Free Speech Restrictions”. In These Times, Jan. 22, 2016. http://inthesetimes.com/working/entry/18796/friedrichs-v-california-teachers-association-free-speech-strikes RC |
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+As the spring semester starts up at the City University of New York, union |
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+AND |
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+tool for reversing many anti-union measures that are on the books. |
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+Even if you are skeptical of unions in general, in this instance, they are key; the government is their employer and also passes laws with regard to labor laws, so unions are the teachers’ only avenue to create collective change. |
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+Every interaction a public teacher has with the university is political, especially unions. |
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+Shaun Richman 2 (former organizing director for the American Federation of Teachers). “How ‘Friedrichs’ Could Actually Unleash Unions from Decades of Free Speech Restrictions”. In These Times, Jan. 22, 2016. http://inthesetimes.com/working/entry/18796/friedrichs-v-california-teachers-association-free-speech-strikes RC |
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+So, in order to overturn this long-settled precedent the parties behind Friedrichs |
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+AND |
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+. I’d also suggest that they begin drawing up some new picket signs. |
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+Advantage 4: Backlash |
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+And, further pushing for political correctness spurs more alt right recruitment and creates divisiveness. |
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+Robby Soave 16 (associate editor at Reason.com. He enjoys writing about college news, education policy, criminal justice reform, and television. He is also a columnist for The Daily Beast and has penned articles for the New York Post, CNN, USA Today, Newsweek, The Orange County Register, and The Detroit News. Forbes named him to the 2016 "30 Under 30" list in the category of law and policy). “Trump Won Because Leftist Political Correctness Inspired a Terrifying Backlash”. Reason, Nov. 9, 2016. http://reason.com/blog/2016/11/09/trump-won-because-leftist-political-corr RC |
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+Trump won because of a cultural issue that flies under the radar and remains stubbornly |
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+AND |
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+according to his supporters, is that he isn't afraid to speak his. |