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+Modern politics and ethics are hopeless—all assume a idea that the there is hope of change, but this ignores that the state is the ultimate sovereign. It controls itself, with the ability to arbitrarily apply rules to anyone at any time. |
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+Giorgio Agamben 12 (Italian continental philosopher best known for his work investigating the concepts of the state of exception, form-of-life and homo sacer. The concept of biopolitics informs many of his writings). “Beyond Human Rights”. 2012. http://novact.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Beyond-Human-Rights-by-Giorgio-Agamben.pdf RC |
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+“The reasons for such impotence lie not only in the selfishness and blindness of |
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+AND |
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+human in itself is inconceivable in the law of the nation-state.” |
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+This is the distinction between bare life and qualified life—bare life is life without any legal protection, where as qualified life has thing like civil rights. But, qualified life is an illusion that allows for the state to operate. Things such as a right only make sense in the context of a state. |
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+Anthony Downey 02. “Zones of Indistinction: Giorgio Agamben’s ‘Bare Life’ and the Politics of Aesthetics”. 2002. RC |
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+“Lives lived on the margins of social, political, cultural, economic and |
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+AND |
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+that is based not on rights as such but the suspension of rights.” |
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+And, this distinction is what opens up space for a zone of indistinction—a state where the worst atrocities imaginable are able to happen. |
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+Jenny Edkins 2000 (Department of International Politics, University of Wales). “Sovereign Power, Zones of Indistinction, and the Camp”. 2000. RC |
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+The camp is exemplary as a location of a zone of indistinction. Although in |
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+AND |
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+exception: the ex- clusion of both the sacred and the profane. |
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+Instead the judge should use their ballot as a means of pushing counter-narratives to unveil and demystify the power of the sovereign—it’s the hope that we have for meaningful change that spills over this debate round. The judge as critical educator has an obligation to question this. |
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+Ayten Gündoğdu 12 (Department of Political Science, Barnard College-Columbia University). “Potentialities of human rights: Agamben and the narrative of fated necessity”. 2012. http://www.palgrave-journals.com/cpt/journal/v11/n1/full/cpt201045a.html RC |
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+“In his analysis of biopolitical sovereignty, Agamben provides us with what might be |
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+AND |
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+become homines sacri (1998, pp. 38, 176, 111) |
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+Moreover, any attempt to make political change requires that the we take into account the states power to declare a state of exception. This begins with an analysis of bare life. |
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+Jenny Edkins 2000 (Department of International Politics, University of Wales). “Sovereign Power, Zones of Indistinction, and the Camp”. 2000. RC |
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+This move of biological life to the center of the political scene in the West |
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+AND |
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+a po- litically qualified life can no longer be effective as such. |
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+Part 2: The Nuclear State |
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+Nuclear power creates the state of exception that justifies endless violence—it creates it own regime of truth that forces people to submit to it. |
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+Raminder Kaur 11 (Professor of Anthropology and Cultural Studies, University of Sussex). "A ‘nuclear renaissance’, climate change and the state of exception." The Australian Journal of Anthropology 22.2 (2011): 273-277. |
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+Because of the indeterminacy between atoms for peace and atoms for war, the nuclear |
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+AND |
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+becomes, ironically, a powerful mascot of ‘clean and green’ energy. |
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+And, nuclear power necessitates the biopolitical management of subjects, creating an authoritarian state. |
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+Lawrence et al 16 ~-~- Lawrence, Andrew (PhD in International Relations, Diplomatic Academy of Vienna) , Benjamin Sovacool (director of the Danish Center for Energy Technology at the Department of Business Technology and Development and a professor of social sciences at Aarhus University. He is also professor of energy policy at the University of Sussex, where he directs both the Center on Innovation and Energy Demand and the Sussex Energy Group. He is the author or editor of eighteen books and 300 peer-reviewed academic articles and chapters. Editor-in-chief of Energy Research and Social Science) and Andrew Stirling (Professor of Science and Technology Policy, University of Sussex). "Nuclear energy and path dependence in Europe’s ‘Energy union’: coherence or continued divergence?" Climate Policy 16.5 (2016): 622-641. |
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+Nuclear technologies appear deeply woven into the politics of modernity, fundamentally conditioning modalities for |
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+AND |
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+‘become increasingly well policed’ (Winner, 1986, p. 175). |
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+Nuclear power represents the states claim on capital—its control of energy is highest level at which it can control society. That kills democracy and allows for mass violence. |
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+Sabu Kohso 15 (writer and translator, He has written three books in Japanese on social movements and progressive culture of NYC in relationship with the formation of urban space, as well as a book on the geographical and deterritorial lineage of anarchist thought across the world). "Constellations of the Fukushima Problematic: Socialization, Capitalism, and Struggle." boundary 2 42.3 (2015): 37-54. |
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+Nuclear power is essentially Janus-headed—military and civilian— and provides the |
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+AND |
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+and so on. I call this entirety the “global nuclear regime.” |
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+Nuclear power is capitalist—it’s not safe, economical, or clean. |
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+Sabu Kohso 15 (writer and translator, He has written three books in Japanese on social movements and progressive culture of NYC in relationship with the formation of urban space, as well as a book on the geographical and deterritorial lineage of anarchist thought across the world). "Constellations of the Fukushima Problematic: Socialization, Capitalism, and Struggle." boundary 2 42.3 (2015): 37-54. |
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+ Despite the claims of pronuclear discourses, nuclear power is not in the least |
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+AND |
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+than constructing more nuclear power plants in order to increase its rate base. |
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+Nuclear is top down—it’s forced down onto the people in order for the state to maintain a hold on capital. |
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+Sabu Kohso 12 (independent writer and translator, a native of Japan, living in NYC since 1980. He has written three books in Japanese on social movements and progressive culture of NYC in relationship with the formation of urban space, as well as a book on the geographical and deterritorial lineage of anarchist thought across the world). “Radiation and Revolution”. Borderlands, 2012. RC |
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+Facing the expectation of slow death, the people in Japan are fighting for their |
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+AND |
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+hindrance to and target of anti-capitalist and anti-statist objectives. |
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+Nuclear power and the state are interwoven—the radiation is a means of propping up the state. |
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+Sabu Kohso 12 (independent writer and translator, a native of Japan, living in NYC since 1980. He has written three books in Japanese on social movements and progressive culture of NYC in relationship with the formation of urban space, as well as a book on the geographical and deterritorial lineage of anarchist thought across the world). “Radiation and Revolution”. Borderlands, 2012. RC |
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+Direct confrontation with this nuclearity announces the advent of a new age; an age |
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+AND |
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+is telling of the nature of the struggles today and in the future. |
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+Nuclear power is a gateway issue—this is key to social mobility and creating effective change. |
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+Sabu Kohso 12 (independent writer and translator, a native of Japan, living in NYC since 1980. He has written three books in Japanese on social movements and progressive culture of NYC in relationship with the formation of urban space, as well as a book on the geographical and deterritorial lineage of anarchist thought across the world). “Radiation and Revolution”. Borderlands, 2012. RC |
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+From the vantage point of the global uprisings today, the global nuclear regime is |
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+AND |
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+all the struggles of the people for their survival, justice and hope. |