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... ... @@ -1,10 +1,0 @@ 1 -Cyberbullying is protected by the first amendment. 2 -Aaron Short 14 (journalist for NY Post). “Cyberbullies Get First Amendment Protection”. NY Post, July 1, 2014. http://nypost.com/2014/07/01/cyberbullies-get-first-amendment-protection-from-court/ RC 3 -Bullies hiding behind computer screens now have the First Amendment to protect them. The 4 -AND 5 -to post an insult should end where it affects a child’s mental state.” 6 -Cyberbullying ruins lives—it destroys a student’s ability to participate in school, causes self harm, and further abuse later in life. 7 -ETCB 16. “A Surprising Long-term Effect of Cyberbullying”. End To Cyber Bullying, 2016. http://www.endcyberbullying.org/a-surprising-long-term-effect-of-cyberbullying/ 8 -If someone repeatedly tells the victim online that he or she is worthless, useless 9 -AND 10 -of the abuse upon the psyche of the victim are anything but impermanent. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,69 +1,0 @@ 1 -The standard is rejecting structural oppression. 2 -The nature of governments necessitates pragmatic policy. 3 -Martin Rhonheimer. “The Political Ethos of Constitutional Democracy and the Place of Natural Law in Public Reason: Rawls's "Political Liberalism" Revisited” http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1364andcontext=ajj 4 -“It is a fundamental feature of political philosophy to be part of practical philosophy 5 -AND 6 -and its inherent logic of specifically political justification constitute "public reason." “ 7 -This means that a) you reject abstract ethical theories—at the end of the day, no one cares whether they willed a contradiction or not, but rather the government concerns itself with outcomes of its actions, and b) absent of the neg explaining why they link to political philosophy, you default my framework. 8 -Governments have an obligation to reject forms of structural oppression—it prevents voices from being heard and comes first under any framework. 9 -WINTER AND LEIGHTON – D. D. Winter and Dana Leighton. “STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE SECTION INTRODUCTION”. 6/1/99 http://sites.saumag.edu/danaleighton/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2015/09/SVintro-2.pdf 10 -“Finally, to recognize the operation of structural violence forces us to ask questions 11 -AND 12 -anger, and begin to think about how to reduce structural violence. “ 13 -Advantage 1: Dissent 14 -The idea that the authority figures become the arbiter of acceptable speech causes a crack down on dissent and kills minority views from even being heard in the first place. 15 -Anthony L. Fisher 17 (associate editor at Reason.com, where his beats include criminal justice, civil liberties, free speech, and foreign affairs. He is also a sports and culture columnist at The Week.). “The free speech problem on campus is real. It will ultimately hurt dissidents”. Vox, Jan 2, 2017. http://www.vox.com/the-big-idea/2016/12/13/13931524/free-speech-pen-america-campus-censorship RC 16 -It’s already happening. Just ask the Palestinian activists whose boycott campaigns against Israel have 17 -AND 18 -"safe space" from such "offensive" expressions of free speech. 19 -Communication between individuals is necessary—deeming some words as unworthy undermines certain backgrounds and identities which hinders students’ ability to create meaningful dialogue. 20 -Anthony L. Fisher 2 (associate editor at Reason.com, where his beats include criminal justice, civil liberties, free speech, and foreign affairs. He is also a sports and culture columnist at The Week.). “The free speech problem on campus is real. It will ultimately hurt dissidents”. Vox, Jan 2, 2017. http://www.vox.com/the-big-idea/2016/12/13/13931524/free-speech-pen-america-campus-censorship RC 21 -The authors express the need — “in an increasingly multicultural nation” — to 22 -AND 23 -to some — but in today’s campus climate, it’s an important intervention. 24 -Bans on things like hate speech are hopelessly short sighted—it just treats the symptom of the problem in exchange for feel-good politics. 25 -Anthony L. Fisher 3 (associate editor at Reason.com, where his beats include criminal justice, civil liberties, free speech, and foreign affairs. He is also a sports and culture columnist at The Week.). “The free speech problem on campus is real. It will ultimately hurt dissidents”. Vox, Jan 2, 2017. http://www.vox.com/the-big-idea/2016/12/13/13931524/free-speech-pen-america-campus-censorship RC 26 -The discussion of "safe spaces" has become one of the most divisive subsections 27 -AND 28 -their own speech silenced when opponents claim offense, fear, or discomfort. 29 -And, words only have as much power as you give you them. Negating just causes impact replication and people will just create new forms of hate speech. 30 -Kurtz and Oscarson ’03 - Members of National Council of Teachers of English Conference on College Composition and Communication 2k3 (Anna, Christopher, “BookTalk: Revising the Discourse of Hate,” ProQuest) 31 -However, Butler also argues that the daily, repeated use of words opens a 32 -AND 33 -might be able to create spaces for learning in which everyone feels safe. 34 -Even if free speech might not be the perfect solution, it is comparatively better to any other alternative—restrictions just make the problem worse. 35 -Kenan Malik 12 (Indian-born English writer, lecturer and broadcaster, trained in neurobiology and the history of science.). “Why Hate Speech Should Not Be Banned”. Pandemonium, 2012. https://kenanmalik.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/why-hate-speech-should-not-be-banned/ 36 -And in practice, you cannot reduce or eliminate bigotry simply by banning it. 37 -AND 38 -changes and because minorities themselves stood up to the bigotry and fought back. 39 -Advantage 2: The Liberal Bubble 40 -Silencing bigots only re-entrenches their position and galvanizes their opposition to social justice movements 41 -Levinovitz 16 Alan Levinovitz, assistant professor of religion at James Madison University, “How Trigger Warnings Silence Religious Students,” The Atlantic, August 30, 2016, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/08/silencing-religious-students-on-campus/497951/ 42 - There is no doubt that in America, the perspective of white, heterosexual 43 -AND 44 -deeply held beliefs. It would be a shame to execute him again. 45 -Allowing for freedom of discussion solves better for issues of hate speech. 46 -ACLU Hate Speech On Campus, https://www.aclu.org/other/hate-speech-campus 47 -Where racist, sexist and homophobic speech is concerned, the ACLU believes that more 48 -AND 49 -, possibly change them, and forge solidarity against the forces of intolerance. 50 -Censorship is deconstructive and regressive and turns any criticism – blocking the freedom of speech will only guarantee the domination of current prevailing discursive practices. 51 -Ward 90 ( David V. Ph.D. Professor of Philosophy at Widener University in Pennsylvania. “Library Trends” Philosophical Issues in Censorship and Intellectual Freedom, Volume 39, Nos 1 and 2. Summer/Fall 1990. Pages 86-87) Second, even if the opinion some wish to censor is largely false, it may contain some portion of truth, a portion denied us if we suppress the speech which contains it. The third reason for allowing free expression is that any opinion “however true it may be, if it is not fully, frequently, and fearlessly discussed, ... will be held as a dead dogma, not a living truth” (Mill, 1951, p. 126). Merely believing the truth is not enough, Mill points out, for even a true opinion held without full and rich understanding of its justification is “a prejudice, a belief independent of, and proof against, argument-this is not the way in which truth ought to be held by a rational being. This is not knowing the truth. Truth, thus held, is but one superstition the more, accidentally clinging to the words which enunciate a truth” (p. 127). Fourth, the meaning of a doctrine held without the understanding which arises in the vigorous debate of its truth, “will be in danger of being lost, or enfeebled, and deprived of its vital effect on the character and conduct the dogma becoming a mere formal profession, inefficacious for good, but cumbering the ground, and preventing the growth of any real and heartfelt conviction, from reason or personal experience” (p. 149). Censorship, then, is undesirable according to Mill because, whether the ideas censored are true or not, the consequences of suppression are bad. Censorship is wrong because it makes it less likely that truth will be discovered or preserved, and it is wrong because it has destructive consequences for the intellectual character of those who live under it. Deontological arguments in favor of freedom of expression, and of intellectual freedom in general, are based on claims that people are entitled to freely express their thoughts, and to receive the expressions made by others, quite independently of whether the effects of that speech are desirable or not. These entitlements take the form of rights, rights to both free expression and access to the expressions of others. 52 -Advantage 3: Unions 53 -Public sector unions are rooted in the ICC, which allows states to suppress labor movement in public universities. 54 -Shaun Richman 16 (former organizing director for the American Federation of Teachers). “How ‘Friedrichs’ Could Actually Unleash Unions from Decades of Free Speech Restrictions”. In These Times, Jan. 22, 2016. http://inthesetimes.com/working/entry/18796/friedrichs-v-california-teachers-association-free-speech-strikes RC 55 -As the spring semester starts up at the City University of New York, union 56 -AND 57 -tool for reversing many anti-union measures that are on the books. 58 -Even if you are skeptical of unions in general, in this instance, they are key; the government is their employer and also passes laws with regard to labor laws, so unions are the teachers’ only avenue to create collective change. 59 -Every interaction a public teacher has with the university is political, especially unions. 60 -Shaun Richman 2 (former organizing director for the American Federation of Teachers). “How ‘Friedrichs’ Could Actually Unleash Unions from Decades of Free Speech Restrictions”. In These Times, Jan. 22, 2016. http://inthesetimes.com/working/entry/18796/friedrichs-v-california-teachers-association-free-speech-strikes RC 61 -So, in order to overturn this long-settled precedent the parties behind Friedrichs 62 -AND 63 -. I’d also suggest that they begin drawing up some new picket signs. 64 -Advantage 4: Backlash 65 -And, further pushing for political correctness spurs more alt right recruitment and creates divisiveness. 66 -Robby Soave 16 (associate editor at Reason.com. He enjoys writing about college news, education policy, criminal justice reform, and television. He is also a columnist for The Daily Beast and has penned articles for the New York Post, CNN, USA Today, Newsweek, The Orange County Register, and The Detroit News. Forbes named him to the 2016 "30 Under 30" list in the category of law and policy). “Trump Won Because Leftist Political Correctness Inspired a Terrifying Backlash”. Reason, Nov. 9, 2016. http://reason.com/blog/2016/11/09/trump-won-because-leftist-political-corr RC 67 -Trump won because of a cultural issue that flies under the radar and remains stubbornly 68 -AND 69 -according to his supporters, is that he isn't afraid to speak his. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,26 +1,0 @@ 1 -A. Interpretation: the aff must defend the implementation of public colleges and universities not restricting free speech. 2 -Resolved reflects policy passage before a legislative body. Parcher 01 3 -(Jeff, Fmr. Debate Coach at Georgetown University, February, http://www.ndtceda.com/archives/200102/0790.html) 4 -(1) Pardon me if I turn to a source besides Bill. American 5 -AND 6 -or 'no' - which, of course, are answers to a question. 7 -And, restrict is defined as to: 8 -Google dictionary, “restrict”, https://www.google.com/search?sourceid=chrome-psyapi2andion=1andespv=2andie=UTF-8andq=restrictandoq=restrictandaqs=chrome..69i57j0l5.3011j0j7 9 -deprive (someone or something) of freedom of movement or action 10 -B. Violation: 11 -1. Real World Education- 12 -90 of policymaking is deciding on implementation. 13 -Elmore 80 14 -Prof. Public Affairs at University of Washington, 1980 PolySci Quarterly 79-80, p. 605 15 -The emergence of implementation as a subject for policy analysis coincides closely with the discovery 16 -AND 17 -10 percent, leaving the remaining 90 percent in the realm of implementation. 18 -Real-world is an independent voter and outweighs fairness and education. 19 -Strait and Wallace 7 20 -L. Paul Strait and Brett Wallace, GMU and GWU, DRG 07 george Mason University and George Washington University, Debater’s Research Guide, 2007"The Scope of Negative Fiat and the Logic of Decision Making" http://groups.wfu.edu/debate/MiscSites/DRGArticles/2007/The20Scope20of20Negative20Fiat20and20the20Logic20of20Decision20Making.pdf mgt 21 -More to the point, debate certainly helps teach a lot of skills, yet 22 -AND 23 -are not grounded in the kind of logic actually used to make decisions. 24 -That also means I control the internal link to advocacy skills—being forced to defend the merits of a concrete political action 25 -2. ground. 26 -limits - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,30 +1,0 @@ 1 -The aff’s reliance on the constitution as the basis for liberty is incoherent as it ignores the constitutions roots in its own suspension and basis for coercion. 2 -Colin Christensen (Emory and Henry College). “Constitutional Regulation, Exception and Anomie: How states of exception inspire functional and moral anomie within the American constitutional system”. No Date. https://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=2andcad=rjaanduact=8andved=0ahUKEwiwocK1iqzRAhVO4mMKHUvhDJ8QFgghMAEandurl=https3A2F2Fwpsa.research.pdx.edu2Fpapers2Fdocs2FConstitutional2520Regulation2C2520Exception2520and2520Anomie_Christensen_WPSA.docxandusg=AFQjCNFg0Vo9zVgeaWFS66jYW0WoxdMi2Qandsig2=S22hmphS4T3B2-J_SlVVfA RC 3 -Within the American constitutional system, it is axiomatic that a “constitutional right implies 4 -AND 5 -of exerting coercive power over both the government and the individual citizen alike. 6 -It empirically proven that the constitution has molded by the state serve it own interest—courts set precedent to further establish the free market. 7 -Owen M. Fiss 86 (Sterling Professor at Yale Law School). “Free Speech and Social Structure”. Yale Law School Legal Scholarship Repository, 1986. http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2211andcontext=fss_papers RC 8 -These cases presented the Court with extremely difficult issues, perhaps the most difficult of 9 -AND 10 -democracy. And they seemed to do so in a rather systematic way. 11 -They assume that politics can control the law, that the we can actually control the actions of the sovereign. This fiction ignores that the sovereign controls it self with the power to create a state of exception clearing the way for genocide. 12 -Anthony Downey 02. “Zones of Indistinction: Giorgio Agamben’s ‘Bare Life’ and the Politics of Aesthetics”. 2002. RC 13 -“The ongoing politicisation of life today demands that a series of decisions be made 14 -AND 15 -committed there and whatever its denomination and specific topography. (HS 174)” 16 -The state of exception opens up space for the worst atrocities imaginable—the state deems the human as non-human, clearing the way for genocide. 17 -Jenny Edkins 2000 (Department of International Politics, University of Wales). “Sovereign Power, Zones of Indistinction, and the Camp”. 2000. RC 18 -The camp is exemplary as a location of a zone of indistinction. Although in 19 -AND 20 -exception: the ex- clusion of both the sacred and the profane. 21 -The alt is to “prefer not to” is a means of escaping the dependency of the law. It is not that we try to solve it through the use of another law or right, but rather we exert ourselves as independent of the law all together. This is the inoperativity of the law. 22 -Jessica Whyte 09 (Senior Lecturer in Cultural and Social Analysis at Western Sydney University, Australia. She has published widely on theories of sovereignty and biopolitics, critical legal theory, critiques of human rights and contemporary continental philosophy. Her current research focuses on the politics of human rights and humanitarianism, and she is working on a book project on human rights and neoliberalism.). “‘I Would Prefer Not To’: Giorgio Agamben, Bartleby and the Potentiality of the Law”. Springer Science and Business, 2009. RC 23 -What is the power of Bartleby’s phrase—‘I would prefer not to’—that 24 -AND 25 -a potentiality that is, most importantly, the potentiality of the law. 26 -And, to “prefer not to” is a way of opening up space in the law by refusing to give an affirmation or negation of the law. We refuse to re-inscribe the narrative that the law can help us. 27 -Jessica Whyte 09 (Senior Lecturer in Cultural and Social Analysis at Western Sydney University, Australia. She has published widely on theories of sovereignty and biopolitics, critical legal theory, critiques of human rights and contemporary continental philosophy. Her current research focuses on the politics of human rights and humanitarianism, and she is working on a book project on human rights and neoliberalism.). “‘I Would Prefer Not To’: Giorgio Agamben, Bartleby and the Potentiality of the Law”. Springer Science and Business, 2009. RC 28 -Two key things are at stake in this attempt to assure the actuality of potentiality 29 -AND 30 -restoring it to contingency and enabling the forgotten to act on the present. - EntryDate
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