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+====Overview to the aff - they reject all use of the state, so if I win that the state is sometimes good for solving oppression, that turns the aff because they would foreclose a method for solving oppression.==== |
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+====We need to embrace the state as a heuristic – our argument is not that the state is good but that learning the levers of power is key to confronting it.==== |
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+**Zanotti 14:** Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database. |
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+By questioning substantialist representations of power … to hyper- and pessimistic activism. |
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+====Progress has occurred though legal change ~-~~-~- pessimism ignores specific reforms that achieved lasting reductions in racial inequality.==== |
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+**Omi and Winant 13:** Michael Omi (Sociologist at UC Berkeley, focusing on antiracism scholarship and Asian American studies) and Howard Winant (Professor of Sociology affiliated with the Black Studies and Chicana/o Studies departments of UC Santa Barbara), Resistance is futile?: a response to Feagin and Elias, Ethnic and Racial Studies Volume 36, Issue 6, p. 961-973, Special Issue: Symposium - Rethinking Racial Formation Theory. 2013. |
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+In Feagin and Elias's account, white racist … and anti-war movements among others. |
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+====The state is inevitable- speaking the language of power through policymaking is the only way to create social change in debate.==== |
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+**Coverstone 5:** Alan Coverstone (masters in communication from Wake Forest, longtime debate coach) “Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact” Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference November 17th 2005 |
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+An important concern emerges when … and participatory abstention in America today. |
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+====Engaging the law through in-depth debate is critical to solve their impacts.==== |
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+**Harris 94:** professor of law – UC Berkeley, ’94 (Angela P., 82 Calif. L. Rev. 741) |
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+CRT has taken up this method … but to make its promises real. n66 |
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+====Educational spaces are key to fight oppression – you as a judge have a unique obligation to endorse political education to prevent ceding power.==== |
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+**Giroux 06:** Henry A Giroux, professor, social critic, great hair. 2006 “The abandoned generation: The urban debate league and the politics of possibility” from America on the Edge. 2006 |
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+The decline of democratic values … , and liberatory potential of education. |
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+====Rejection of current IR paradigm magnifies hierarchy – emancipation rhetoric gives powerful states a basis for intervention and robs the Third World of agency.==== |
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+**McCormack 10:** Tara, lecturer in International Politics at the University of Leicester and has a PhD in International Relations from the University of Westminster. 2010, Critique, Security and Power: The political limits to emancipatory approaches, pg. 127-129 |
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+The following section will briefly raise some … critical and emancipatory theoretical approaches. |