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... ... @@ -1,64 +1,0 @@ 1 -====Modern framing of nature has descended into technological thought – the viewing of nature of a resource spills over into all other thinking and controls our moral norms. Brown 03:==== 2 -Charles, professor of philosophy at Emporia. “The Real and the Good: Phenomenology and the Possibility of an Axiological Rationality” 2003 SA-IB 3 - 4 -To begin to discover the possibilities … biotic web (and perhaps beyond). 5 - 6 -====Our attempt to manage technology and resources results in calculative thought, which is at the root cause of years of damage. McWhorter 92==== 7 -Ladelle, Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Northeast Missouri State University. “Heidegger and the Earth” 1992 SA-IB 8 - 9 -Thinking today must concern … problems, what should we do? 10 - 11 -====Thus the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who provides the best method to break down dualism and technological thought. Ecological Thoughtprint 11==== 12 -Ecological Thoughtprint (website for educators that promote sustainability education and teach ecological epistemology) “Dualism doesn’t make sense” December 4, 2011. https://ecologicalthoughtprint.org/2011/12/04/dualism-doesnt-make-sense/ 13 - 14 -Have you ever asked someone, … factory in a distant industrial land. 15 - 16 -====Nuclear power is inherently technological thought – the nature of the concept represents a dangerous path into human control of nature. Kokubun 13:==== 17 -Koichiro, Associate Professor @ Takasaki City University of Economics. “Philosophy in the Atomic Age” May 30, 2013. SA-IB 18 - 19 -Having said that, the word “peace”, … beings to overcome this power. 20 - 21 -====Corporate propaganda markets nuclear power as the only solution to climate change to shut down deliberation about alternative energy futures. Wasserman 16==== 22 -(Harvey, http://www.counterpunch.org/2016/07/29/ny-times-pushes-nukes-while-claiming-renewables-fail-to-fight-climate-change/,7-29) 23 - 24 -The idea that nuclear power might … that try to hide that obvious reality. 25 - 26 -====Nuclear power engages in calculative thought kills value to life – turns nature and humanity into standing reserve. McWhorter 92:==== 27 -Ladelle, Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Northeast Missouri State University. “Heidegger and the Earth” 1992 SA-IB 28 - 29 -The danger of a managerial approach …managed, or populations to be controlled. 30 - 31 -====Certain Natives are viewed as resources – modern day colonialism drives nuclear testing on native lands and corporations now consider native’ land theirs. Kamps 01:==== 32 -Kevin, Nuclear Waste Expert. “Environmental Racism, Tribal Sovereignty and Nuclear Waste” Nuclear Information and Resource Service, February 15, 2001. SA-IB 33 - 34 -Nevadans and Utahans living downwind … the Earth spokesperson Winona LaDuke. 35 - 36 -====Thus I affirm the resolution as a statement that countries ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power. Hyper specific questions of implementation aren’t important – there is no one method of decommissioning. The affirmative presents the resolution as a general principle and as a recognition that nuclear power is not viable. Phase out is the only viable way to get rid of nuclear power. Lucas 12:==== 37 -Caroline, MP for Brighton Pavillion and a member of the cross-party parliamentary environment audit committee. “Why we must phase out nuclear power” Feb 17, 2012. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/feb/17/phase-out-nuclear-power SA-IB 38 - 39 -The inherent risk in the use of … to give up on nuclear power. 40 - 41 -====The resolution is a pedagogical starting point to examine our relationship to nature – nuclear power is the perfection of technological thought – the creation of a system in which nature is forced to give all it has so that humanity can maintain energy use. Nuclear power represents humanity’s challenge to nature. Kokobun 13:==== 42 -Koichiro, Associate Professor @ Takasaki City University of Economics. “Philosophy in the Atomic Age” May 30, 2013. SA-IB 43 - 44 -Heidegger had great insight into … damage to the world of living things. 45 - 46 -====The affirmative empirically causes a shift to wind and solar power – japan proves. Watanabe 11:==== 47 -Chisaki, Meridian Energy and author at Bloomberg. “Japan Spurs Solar, Wing Energy With Subsidies for Renewables” August 26, 2011. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-08-26/japan-passes-renewable-energy-bill-one-precondition-of-kan-s-resignation SA-IB 48 - 49 -Japan approved a bill today to …typically generate more than 1 gigawatt. 50 - 51 -====Shift away from nuclear is inevitable due to decreasing uranium supply – banning nuclear power is key to ensure renewable jobs and grow the industry now. Schonau 09:==== 52 -Electricity Schönau. German Power Company “100 Good Reasons Against Nuclear Power.” 2009. 53 - 54 -On a worldwide scale, nuclear power … new good reason, just submit it to info@100- gute-gruende.de together with relevant references. 55 - 56 -====Toxic preservation of existence and technological thought lead to coercion of other entities – as we are deemed more important. Burke 07:==== 57 -Burke ‘7 (Anthony Burke, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at UNSW, Sydney, “Ontologies of War: Violence, Existence, and Reason”, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007, Project Muse) 58 - 59 -Thus war and existence are … enemy to do our will'.11 60 - 61 -====This attempt to control our surroundings leads to a violent determination to shape and secure the realities around us – this results in falsified military predictions. Carr 10:==== 62 -Matt Carr, freelance writer, published in Race and Class, Slouching towards dystopia: the new military futurism, http://www.societaitalianastoriamilitare.org/libri20in20regalo/201020CARR20New-Military-Futurism.pdf 63 - 64 -This determination to shape, control …are often very grim indeed. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,61 +1,0 @@ 1 -==Part One – Framing:== 2 -====The standard is mitigating structural violence. Structural violence is inherently flawed because it occurs because of arbitrary differences we perceive between different groups of people. Winter and Leighton 99:==== 3 -Deborah DuNann Winter and Dana C. Leighton. Winter|Psychologist that specializes in Social Psych, Counseling Psych, Historical and Contemporary Issues, Peace Psychology. Leighton: PhD graduate student in the Psychology Department at the University of Arkansas. Knowledgeable in the fields of social psychology, peace psychology, and justice and intergroup responses to transgressions of justice "Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century." Pg 4-5 SA-IB 4 - 5 -Finally, to recognize the operation of … empower citizens to reduce it 6 - 7 -====Focus on material realities of oppression is key – abstract thinking about moral norms reifies oppression. Curry 14:==== 8 -Curry, Dr. Tommy J. Associate Professor of Philosophy, Affiliated Professor of Africana Studies, and a Ray A. Rothrock Fellow at Texas AandM University; first Black JV National Debate champion (for UMKC) and was half of the first all Black CEDA team to win the Pi Kappa Delta National Debate Tournament “The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century.” SA-IB 9 - 10 -Despite the pronouncement of debate … our ideological tendencies and politics.’ 11 - 12 -==Part Two – Armenia:== 13 -====Armenia wants new reactors, but they have been delayed – all they have is Metsamor and that’s what they’re stuck with. Sahakyan 4/27:==== 14 -Armine, human rights activist in Armenia and columnist at the Kyiv Post and the Huffington Post. “Armenia Continues to Gamble on Aging Nuclear Plant in a Quake-Prone Area” April 27, 2016. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/armine-sahakyan/armenia-continues-to-gamb_b_9788186.html SA-IB 15 - 16 -Armenia was supposed to have … Some nuclear experts agree, but some don’t. 17 - 18 -====Metsamor is going to explode – it’s built on earthquake terrain and relies on old technology – no containment for the meltdown. Lavelle and Garthwaithe 11:==== 19 -Marianne Lavelle and Josie Garthwaithe, National Geographic News. “Is Armenia’s Nuclear Plant the World’s Most Dangerous?” April 14, 2011. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2011/04/110412-most-dangerous-nuclear-plant-armenia/ SA-IB 20 - 21 -In the shadow of Mount Ararat, the … a report by the U.S. Electric Power Research Institute. 22 - 23 -====Metsamor’s meltdown would destroy their agriculture and spread radiation across neighboring countries. Sahakyan 4/27:==== 24 -Armine, human rights activist in Armenia and columnist at the Kyiv Post and the Huffington Post. “Armenia Continues to Gamble on Aging Nuclear Plant in a Quake-Prone Area” April 27, 2016. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/armine-sahakyan/armenia-continues-to-gamb_b_9788186.html SA-IB 25 - 26 -An accident at Metsamor would … and Armenian neighbors Georgia and Iran. 27 - 28 -====Armenian agricultural collapse causes mass poverty. McKinley 02:==== 29 -Terry, Senior Policy Adviser on poverty and macroeconomic policies in the Bureau for Development Policy, UNDP, New York. “Growth, Inequality, and Poverty in Armenia” Chapter 4: Poverty and the Character of Growth. August 2002. 30 - 31 -The impact of agriculture on poverty … agricultural wealth had a propoor impact. 32 - 33 -====Thus the plan: The Republic of Armenia ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power. Only the plan solves – no new infrastructure for new plants – if they want production, they will have to take loans which fractures their economy. McGinnity 15:==== 34 -Ian, Region Studies Center (a think tank in Armenia that analyzes policy options for the government and does risk analysis for the results of those policies). “Risky Business – Roadblocks to Building Armenia’s New Nuclear Power Plant” May 25, 2015. http://regional-studies.org/blog/445-250515#_edn4 35 - 36 -Most importantly, Armenia faces feeble … investors against risk of failure. 37 - 38 -==Part Three – Underview:== 39 -====Reject the argument on T—if they win I’ll defend whole res. A) Substantive education—theory layer goes away and we get to debate the aff advantages which still apply—outweighs since education is the only reason people join the debate. B) Aff strat—dropping the debater makes affirming impossible because there’s always some interp that the aff violates.==== 40 - 41 - 42 -====Specifying is good – its key to policymaking because literally no one advocates for a global ban. Energy policies in different countries are extremely different and require context which means that only specifying can lead to education about the topic.==== 43 - 44 - 45 -====Aff gets RVIs – 1. AFF flex – neg has the ability to collapse to either layer so aff needs the same ability– this outweighs. A. 2NR collapse – time skew becomes 6-1 since I have to cover multiple layers in the 1AR, which makes it impossible to win B. 1AR is too short to read theory compared to the neg so AFF needs each layer to be reciprocal rather than adding more unreciprocal avenues 2. Only neg can read T because only AFF has a T burden so since aff can’t reciprocally respond they need the RVI to compensate for neg’s unique avenue to the ballot.==== 46 - 47 - 48 -====Adopt a stance of methodological pluralism – that allows us to reclaim IR as an emancipatory praxis and avoid endless violence. Bleiker 14:==== 49 -(6/17, Roland, Professor of International Relations at the University of Queensland, “International Theory Between Reification and Self-Reflective Critique,” International Studies Review, Volume 16, Issue 2, pages 325–327) 50 - 51 -This book is part of an increasing … could have been explored in more detail. 52 - 53 -====Simulated national security law debates preserve agency and enhance decision-making-~~-~-avoids cooption. Donohue 13:==== 54 -Laura K. Donohue 13, Associate Professor of Law, Georgetown Law, 4/11, “National Security Law Pedagogy and the Role of Simulations”, http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/National-Security-Law-Pedagogy-and-the-Role-of-Simulations.pdf 55 - 56 -The concept of simulations as … , it suggests one potential direction for the years to come. 57 - 58 -====Policymaking is good and valuable – key for emancipation. Coverstone 05:==== 59 -Alan, MBA. “Acting on Activism” 60 - 61 -Now what distinguishes ideal …conceptions of the social order. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,57 +1,0 @@ 1 -====I value morality, which deals with assigning goodness to actions. Actions are only differentiated from events if they are constituted by practical reasoning.==== 2 -**Rodl 2k:** Sebastian, German philosopher and professor of practical philosophy at the University of Leipzig, he studied philosophy, musicology, German literature and history in Frankfurt am Main and Berlin. His work focuses on the nature of human thought and action. He contributes to philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, moral philosophy, epistemology and action theory. From 2005-2012 he was professor of philosophy at the University of Basel. "Self-Consciousness" Harvard University Press. 2007. IB 3 -Calculation from desire does not yield a premise … of a movement, and I would not, in doing A1 and A2, be doing B. 4 - 5 -====That outweighs– even reflecting about what framework we should use concedes the authority of reasoning. Next, any moral rule must be universal as there is no inherent distinction between agents.==== 6 -**Velleman 06:** David, Professor of Philosophy at New York University in the NYU Department of Philosophy. He taught previously for more than twenty years at the University of Michigan, Professor Velleman's work in the philosophy of action includes the book Practical Reflection (reprinted 2007, CSLI Publications) and a collection of papers, The Possibility of Practical Reason (open-access second edition 2015, Maize Books). His papers on the self are collected in Self to Self (Cambridge 2006). His work on the foundations of morality comprises two monographs: How We Get Along (Cambridge 2009) and Foundations for Moral Relativism (open-access second edition 2015, Open Book Publishers). Velleman has received fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Guggenheim Foundation, and he is a founding co-Editor of Philosophers' Imprint. "Self to Self" Cambridge University Press. 2006. 7 -Rational creatures have access to a shared perspective, from … of the sum is authoritative, because it speaks for the judgment of all. 8 - 9 -====Next, willing coercion is a contradiction because we simultaneously extend our own freedom to will while curtailing it.==== 10 -**Engstrom:** Stephen, professor of ethics at the University of Pittsburgh, he previously taught at the University of Chicago and at Harvard, and since joining the Department he has held visiting positions at UCLA, the University of Leipzig, and the University of Chicago. His areas of interest include ethics, metaphysics, modern philosophy (especially Kant), and ancient philosophy. "Universal Legislation as the Form of Practical Knowledge." No Date. IB 11 -Given the preceding considerations, it’s a straightforward matter to … both the extension and the limitation of both their own and others’ freedom. 12 - 13 -====A respect for everyone as ends is key to any social movement – the affirmative conceptualizes Kantian philosophy to create an emancipatory political theory.==== 14 -Mills 15: Charles, the John Evans Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy at Northwestern University, author of the Racial Contract. "Black Radical Liberalism (by Charles Mills)." February 23, 2015. http://peasoup.typepad.com/peasoup/2015/02/black-radical-liberalism-and-why-it-isnt-an-oxymoron.html 15 -"Black radical liberalism" is my attempt to reconstruct from different … liberalism would be addressed rather than evaded. 16 - 17 -====Thus the standard is consistency with a system of equal freedom. Prefer – ==== 18 - 19 -====1. Human Worth – it follows from practical reason that rational beings have inherent value. ==== 20 -**Korsgaard 96:** Christine, professor of philosophy at Harvard. "The Sources of Normativity." 1996. 21 -This is just a fancy new model of … reasons and values must be valued for its own sake. 22 - 23 -====This sense of value proves human worth – this comes before aggregation because human worth can’t be added to create more human worth.==== 24 -**Korsgaard 93:** Christine, professor of philosophy at Harvard. "The reasons we can share: An attack on the distinction between agent-relative and agent-neutral values." Cambridge University Press, 1993. Previously published in Social Philosophy and Policy 10, no. 1: 24-51. 25 -The difference between these two interpretations of … about value may be a consequentialist, while an Intersubjectivist will not. 26 - 27 -====Human worth generates a system of equal freedom – this creates a mutual responsibility and honor. Rightful honor means that you cannot set your worth above another. ==== 28 -**Ripstein 09:** Arthur, professor of law at the University of Toronto. "Force and Freedom: Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy." 2009. SA-IB 29 -The same right to be your own master within a system of … characterizes as a condition in which everyone is subject to the choice of others. 30 - 31 -====2. Governments – the right to freedom is the foundation of government authority – the state exists in order to maintain that freedom. That defines a government’s original purpose – means the aff is the most actor specific.==== 32 -**Korsgaard 08:** Christine, professor of philosophy at Harvard. "Taking the law into our own hands: Kant on the right to revolution." In The Constitution of Agency, 233-262. 2008. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Originally published in Reclaiming the History of Ethics: Essays for John Rawls, eds. Andrews Reath, Barbara Herman, and Christine M. Korsgaard. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. 33 -Why is it permissible for others to force or coerce you to conform … transferring our executive authority to a government. 34 - 35 -====3. Human Equality – that mandates a system of equal freedom, it’s the only way to respect equality amongst agents.==== 36 -**Ripstein 09:** Arthur, professor of law at the University of Toronto. "Force and Freedom: Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy." 2009. 37 -Kant offers different formulations of innate right, each of which … make your life go well, or has a pressing need that only you can satisfy. 38 - 39 -====Qualified immunity sets an officer’s worth above citizens – this allows them to wrongfully injure and act without responsibility to others – that violates equal freedom and enables police brutality.==== 40 -**Sand 13:** Georgia, activist and reporter at Cop Block: Badges Don’t Grant Extra Rights. "Ignorance of the law is legally an excuse for police officers" March 15, 2013. http://www.copblock.org/28642/ignorance-of-the-law-is-legally-an-excuse-for-police-officers/ SA-IB 41 -Qualified immunity is a legal doctrine by which police … may act as they please, unless the law has clearly established that doing so is a violation of the victim’s rights. 42 - 43 -====Thus the plan: On its next appropriate test case, the United States Supreme Court ought to remove qualified immunity for nominal damage suits against police officers.==== 44 -**Pfander 11:** James, the Owen L. Coon Professor of Law at the Northwestern Pritzker School of Law, teaches civil procedure, conflicts of law, federal jurisdiction, and constitutional law. A member of the American Law Institute, Pfander has served as chair of the procedure and jurisdiction sections of the Association of American Law Schools. He has published dozens of scholarly articles and essays in such journals as the Harvard Law Review, the Yale Law Journal, and the Columbia Law Review. "RESOLVING THE QUALIFIED IMMUNITY DILEMMA: CONSTITUTIONAL TORT CLAIMS FOR NOMINAL DAMAGES" Faculty Working Papers, Northwestern University School of Law. 2011. SA-IB 45 -Applying the principles in these leading cases, one can … seeking one dollar. The next part addresses these concerns. 46 - 47 -====This allows constitutional vindication and deterrence – only that prevents court backlash and maximizes the clarity of tort law.==== 48 -**Pfander 11:** James, the Owen L. Coon Professor of Law at the Northwestern Pritzker School of Law, teaches civil procedure, conflicts of law, federal jurisdiction, and constitutional law. A member of the American Law Institute, Pfander has served as chair of the procedure and jurisdiction sections of the Association of American Law Schools. He has published dozens of scholarly articles and essays in such journals as the Harvard Law Review, the Yale Law Journal, and the Columbia Law Review. "RESOLVING THE QUALIFIED IMMUNITY DILEMMA: CONSTITUTIONAL TORT CLAIMS FOR NOMINAL DAMAGES" Faculty Working Papers, Northwestern University School of Law. 2011. SA-IB 49 -Building on these early foundations, this essay … the norms in question can be regarded as clearly established. 50 - 51 -====This links to the standard – a) when you violate my rights, you should be held accountable and open to liability and b) when officers act however they want due to immunity from liability, that violates their responsibility to others. A respect for people as ends requires the ability to enforce liability through tort law – everyone has a unique responsibility to others.==== 52 -**Ripstein 04:** Arthur, professor of law at the University of Toronto. "The Division of Responsibility and the Law of Tort" Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 04-02. SA-IB 53 -This brings us back to the law of tort. Almost … to set and pursue your own conception of the good. 54 - 55 -====The affirmative’s conception of Kantian philosophy is key to solve racism – this takes out any abstracting link – the affirmative employs abstraction for the purpose of a) transcending arbitrary differences between humans and affirm the inherent equality in everyone and b) abstracting away from personal interests to avoid egoism and uphold equality.==== 56 -**Farr 02:** Arnold, professor of philosophy at University of Kentucky who focuses on German idealism, race philosophy, postmodernism, psychoanalsysis, and liberation philosophy. "Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?" Journal of Social Philosophy. Volume 33, No. 1. Spring 2002. 57 -Whereas most criticisms are aimed at the formulation … categorical imperative without first exploring its emancipatory potential. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,65 +1,0 @@ 1 -===1AC – Drones Adv=== 2 - 3 -====Litigation has a deterrence effect on drones, makes official think twice about strikes – normal judicial review indicts don’t apply to ex post suits.==== 4 -**Vladeck 13:** Stephen, professor of law and associate dean for scholarship at American University Washington College of Law, senior editor of the peer-reviewed Journal of National Security Law and Policy, Supreme Court Fellow at the Constitution Project, fellow at the Center on National Security at Fordham University School of Law, JD from Yale Law School. "Drones and the War on Terror: When Can the U.S. Target Alleged American Terrorists Overseas?" Hearing Before the House Committee on the Judiciary. February 27, 2013. 5 - 6 -At first blush, it may seem like many of these issues … and laws of the United States, what does the government have to hide? 7 - 8 -====Ex post civil suits place checks on the executive, which is especially key considering Trump’s plans for counterterror.==== 9 -**Hafetz 13:** Jonathon, associate professor of law at Seton Hall University Law School, former senior staff attorney at the ACLU, served on legal teams in multiple Supreme Court cases regarding national security. "Reviewing Drones" March 08, 2013. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathan-hafetz/reviewing-drones'b'2815671.html IB 10 - 11 -The better course is to ensure meaningful review after the fact. … drone strike satisfies these requirements, the suit should be dismissed. 12 - 13 -====The aff spills over to government officials – limitation on qualified immunity specifically holds the government accountable.==== 14 -**Cornyn et al 01:** (John, Andy Taylor First Assistant Attorney General Gregory S. Coleman Solicitor General Counsel of Record Lisa R. Eskow Assistant Solicitor General P.O. Box 12548 Austin, Texas 78711-2548 (512) 936-1700 Counsel for Amici Bill Pryor Attorney General of Alabama 11 South Union Street Montgomery, AL 36130 Bruce M. Botelho Attorney General of Alaska P.O. Box 110300 Juneau, AK 99811-0300 Mark Pryor Attorney General of Arkansas 323 Center St., Ste. 200 Little Rock, AR 72201 Bill Lockyer Attorney General of California 1300 1 Street, Ste. 125 P.O. Box 944255 Sacramento, CA 94244-2550 Ken Salazar Attorney General of Colorado 1525 Sherman St., 7th Fl. Denver, CO 80203 Richard Blumenthal Attorney General of Connecticut 55 Elm Street Hartford, CT 06141-0120 M. Jane Brady Attorney General of Delaware 820 N. French St. Wilmington, DE 19801 James E. Ryan Attorney General of Illinois 100 W. Randolph St., 12th Fl. Chicago, IL 60601 Richard P. Ieyoub Attorney General of Louisiana P.O. Box 94095 Baton Rouge, LA 70804-9095 J. Joseph Curran, Jr. Attorney General of Maryland 200 St. Paul Place Baltimore, MD 21202 Thomas F. Reilly Attorney General of Massachusetts One Ashburton Place Boston, MA 02108-1698 Mike Moore Attorney General of Mississippi P.O. Box 220 Jackson, MS 39205 Joseph P. Mazurek Attorney General of Montana 215 N. Sanders P.O. Box 201401 Helena, MT 59620-1401 Don Stenberg Attorney General of Nebraska 2115 State Capitol Lincoln, NE 68509 Eliot Spitzer Attorney General of New York The Capitol Albany, NY 12224 Heidi Heitkamp Attorney General of North Dakota 600 E. Boulevard Ave. Bismarck, ND 58505-0040 Betty D. Montgomery Attorney General of Ohio 30 E. Broad St., 17th Fl. Columbus, OH 43215 W.A. Drew Edmondson Attorney General of Oklahoma 2300 N. Lincoln Blvd., Ste. 112 Oklahoma City, OK 73105-4894 Hardy Myers Attorney General of Oregon 1162 Court St. N.E. Salem, OR 97310 D. Michael Fisher Attorney General of Pennsylvania 16th Fl., Strawberry Square Harrisburg, PA 17120 Charles M. Condon Attorney General of South Carolina P.O. Box 11549 Columbia, SC 29211 Mark Barnett Attorney General of South Dakota 500 East Capitol Avenue Pierre, SD 57501-5070 Paul G. Summers Attorney General of Tennessee 425 Fifth Ave., North Nashville, TN 37243 Jan Graham Attorney General of Utah 236 State Capitol Salt Lake City, UT 84114 William H. Sorrell Attorney General of Vermont 109 State Street Montpelier, VT 05609-1001 Christine O. Gregoire Attorney General of Washington 1125 Washington Street P.O. Box 40100 Olympia, WA 98504-0100 Brief of The States of Texas, Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut,¶ Delaware, Illinois, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, and Washington as Amici Curiae in Support of Petitioner) 15 - 16 -The "reasonable mistake" is one of the … as it strikes the best "balance between the evils inevitable in an available alternative." See Harlow, 457 U.S., at 813. 17 - 18 -===1AC – Brutality Adv=== 19 - 20 -====QI’s rhetoric allows officers to enjoy it in literally every case – means that current forms of qualified immunity will never solve.==== 21 -**Carbado 16:** Drew, Devon, Associate Vice Chancellor of BruinX for Equity, Diversity and Inclusion and the Honorable Harry Pregerson Professor of Law at UCLA School of Law. He teaches Constitutional Criminal Procedure, Constitutional Law, Critical Race Theory, and Criminal Adjudication. He has won numerous teaching awards, including being elected Professor of the Year by the UCLA School of Law classes of 2000 and 2006 and received the Law School's Rutter Award for Excellence in Teaching in 2003 and the University's Distinguished Teaching Award, the Eby Award for the Art of Teaching in 2007. In 2005 Professor Carbado was named an inaugural recipient of the Fletcher Foundation Fellowship. "Blue-On-Black Violence: A Provisional Model of Some of the Causes" Georgetown Law Journal. July 11, 2016. SA-IB 22 - 23 -A second problem with the "clearly established" doctrine … hurdle to holding police officers accountable for acts of violence. 24 - 25 -====QI enables and encourages police brutality – the law holds police to a lower standard than people.==== 26 -**Sand 13:** Georgia, activist and reporter at Cop Block: Badges Don’t Grant Extra Rights. "Ignorance of the law is legally an excuse for police officers" March 15, 2013. http://www.copblock.org/28642/ignorance-of-the-law-is-legally-an-excuse-for-police-officers/ SA-IB 27 - 28 -"Ignorance of the law is no excuse." Undoubtedly, … doing so is a violation of the victim’s rights. 29 - 30 -===1AC – ND Plan=== 31 - 32 -====Thus the plan: On its next appropriate test case, the United States Supreme Court ought to remove qualified immunity for nominal damage suits against police officers.==== 33 -**Pfander 11:** James, the Owen L. Coon Professor of Law at the Northwestern Pritzker School of Law, teaches civil procedure, conflicts of law, federal jurisdiction, and constitutional law. A member of the American Law Institute, Pfander has served as chair of the procedure and jurisdiction sections of the Association of American Law Schools. He has published dozens of scholarly articles and essays in such journals as the Harvard Law Review, the Yale Law Journal, and the Columbia Law Review. "RESOLVING THE QUALIFIED IMMUNITY DILEMMA: CONSTITUTIONAL TORT CLAIMS FOR NOMINAL DAMAGES" Faculty Working Papers, Northwestern University School of Law. 2011. SA-IB 34 - 35 -Applying the principles in these leading cases, … constitutional case at the behest of a plaintiff seeking one dollar. The next part addresses these concerns. 36 - 37 -====This allows constitutional vindication and deterrence – only that prevents court backlash and maximizes the clarity of tort law.==== 38 -**Pfander 11:** James, the Owen L. Coon Professor of Law at the Northwestern Pritzker School of Law, teaches civil procedure, conflicts of law, federal jurisdiction, and constitutional law. A member of the American Law Institute, Pfander has served as chair of the procedure and jurisdiction sections of the Association of American Law Schools. He has published dozens of scholarly articles and essays in such journals as the Harvard Law Review, the Yale Law Journal, and the Columbia Law Review. "RESOLVING THE QUALIFIED IMMUNITY DILEMMA: CONSTITUTIONAL TORT CLAIMS FOR NOMINAL DAMAGES" Faculty Working Papers, Northwestern University School of Law. 2011. SA-IB 39 - 40 -Building on these early foundations, this essay … the norms in question can be regarded as clearly established. 41 - 42 -===1AC – Framing=== 43 - 44 -====The role of the ballot is to vote for the advocacy that best mitigates oppression. Debate in academic spaces is key – oppression permeates our society and breaks apart any attempted shift away from dominant ideology. Resisting it in educational spaces is key to any meaningful alternative. ==== 45 -**Giroux 15:** Henry, Professor and founding theorist of critical pedagogy and he is best known for his pioneering work in public pedagogy, cultural studies, youth studies, higher education, media studies, and critical theory. In 2002 Routledge named Giroux as one of the top fifty educational thinkers of the modern period. "Beyond Dystopian Visions in the Age of Neoliberal Authoritarianism." Nov 4, 2015 SA-IB 46 - 47 -If neoliberal authoritarianism is to be challenged and overcome, it is crucial that … sustain public commitments, develop a sense of compassion for others, locally and globally. 48 - 49 -====This requires a focus on material conditions of oppression – abstract theorizing is the same as doing nothing – in the end, deontology and yelling ‘burn it down’ both skirt the issues.==== 50 -**Curry 14:** Dr. Tommy J, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Affiliated Professor of Africana Studies, and a Ray A. Rothrock Fellow at Texas AandM University; first Black JV National Debate champion (for UMKC) and was half of the first all Black CEDA team to win the Pi Kappa Delta National Debate Tournament. "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century." 2014. SA-IB 51 - 52 -Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual … among our ideological tendencies and politics.’ 53 - 54 -====Adopt a stance of methodological pluralism involving indicts to our method – this is key to evaluate phenomena from different perspectives and gain the most out of education.==== 55 -**Bleiker 14:** (6/17, Roland, Professor of International Relations at the University of Queensland, "International Theory Between Reification and Self-Reflective Critique," International Studies Review, Volume 16, Issue 2, pages 325–327) 56 - 57 -This book is part of an increasing trend … here with arguments advanced by assemblage thinking and complexity theory—links that could have been explored in more detail. 58 - 59 -====Progress has occurred though legal change —- pessimism ignores specific reforms that achieved lasting reductions in racial inequality.==== 60 -**Omi and Winant 13:** Michael Omi (Sociologist at UC Berkeley, focusing on antiracism scholarship and Asian American studies) and Howard Winant (Professor of Sociology affiliated with the Black Studies and Chicana/o Studies departments of UC Santa Barbara), Resistance is futile?: a response to Feagin and Elias, Ethnic and Racial Studies Volume 36, Issue 6, p. 961-973, Special Issue: Symposium - Rethinking Racial Formation Theory. 2013. 61 -— desegregation of the army, the Voting Rights Act, the Immigration and Naturalization Act, repeal of anti-miscegenation laws 62 -— spills over to legal access for feminism, gay liberation, and the environmentalist and anti-war movements 63 -— antiblackness is political, not ontological; incarceration is used as a tool to suppress voting rights, women of color are policed via reproductive rights laws 64 - 65 -In Feagin and Elias's account, white racist rule … environmentalist and anti-war movements among others - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,63 +1,0 @@ 1 -====Advantage One is China: China plans to build floating nuclear reactors in the South China Sea. Roulstone 16:==== 2 -Tony, Cambridge Nuclear Energy Center. “Fukushima at sea? China wants a fleet of floating nuclear power plants” May 10, 2016. http://www.cnn.com/2016/04/28/opinions/china-floating-nuclear-reactors/ 3 - 4 -China is planning to build … expected to be oil-rich waters. 5 - 6 -====China needs floating nuclear power to power military operations on the islands they have created – only floating nuclear allows the islands to work. Forsythe 4/22:==== 7 -Michael, writes for the New York Times. “China to develop floating nuclear power plants” April 22, 2016. http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/23/world/asia/china-nuclear-power-south-china-sea.html?_r=0 SA-IB 8 - 9 -All the radar systems, lighthouses, … large buildings such as barracks. 10 - 11 -====China uses nuclear power to combat The Hague ruling – floating nuclear power is key to their hegemony. Follett 7/27:==== 12 -Andrew, Energy and science reporter. “Chinese Gov Media: We Can Put Nuclear Reactors In Disputed Waters By 2019” July 27, 2016. http://dailycaller.com/2016/07/27/chinese-gov-media-we-can-put-nuclear-reactors-in-disputed-waters-by-2019/ SA-IB 13 - 14 -A Chinese state-run news outlet … , according to the World Nuclear Association. 15 - 16 -====Floating nuclear power allows increased radar capacities and anti-navy powers. Wood 16:==== 17 -L. Todd. “China to build nuclear power plants in the South China Sea” April 24, 2016. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/apr/24/china-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-south-ch/ SA-IB 18 - 19 -China is planning to … range, reported the Sydney Morning Herald. 20 - 21 -====That kills US influence in the region – increased radar range crushes navy power – risks conflict and threatens war. Forsythe and Perlez 16:==== 22 -Michale and Jane. “South China Sea Buildup Brings Beijing Closer to Realizing Control” March 08, 2016. http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/09/world/asia/south-china-sea-militarization.html SA-IB 23 - 24 -Since taking office three years ago, … efforts to develop countermeasures against it. 25 - 26 -====US Navy weakness and Chinese domination of the South China Sea mean US-China war. Rubel 14:==== 27 -Robert C. Rubel 14, Dean of Naval Warfare Studies at the Naval War College, “Navies and Economic Prosperity: The New Logic of Sea Power,” in Writing to Think: The Intellectual Journey of a Naval Career, p.60-68 28 - 29 -Systems thinking recognize and acknowledge … current global economic woes—prosperity. 30 - 31 -====Advantage Two is Russian Artic Exploration: Russia wants to explore the artic but they need energy – floating nuclear plants are their plan, that’s the only way they can drill. Galpin 10:==== 32 -Richard. “Nuclaer power at heart of Russia’s Artic Ambition” BBC. Sept 22, 2010. 33 - 34 -In a grimy shipyard in St Petersburg, … sea near large gas rigs. 35 - 36 -====That causes warming and massive emissions. Kroh and Marano 13:==== 37 -Kiley and Howard. “Adding Fuel to the Fire: The Climate Consequences of Artic Ocean Drilling” March 21, 2013. 38 - 39 -The prospect of industrializing the fragile … incompatible with expanding fossil-fuel production. 40 - 41 -====Thus the plan: Countries should prohibit the production of floating nuclear power plants. Grossman 10:==== 42 -Karl, has specialized in doing investigative reporting in a variety of media for more than 40 years. He teaches as well as practices journalism. He is a professor of journalism at the State University of New York/College at Old Westbury. “Floating Chernobyls” Sept 03, 2010. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/author/karl-grossman SA-IB 43 - 44 -They would be floating Chernobyls. … initiative that Russia should emulate. 45 - 46 -====The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing for two reasons.==== 47 - 48 -====First reduction, Brain studies prove that there’s no such thing as personal identity. Parfit 84:==== 49 -Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons (Oxford: Clarendon, 1984). 50 - 51 -Some recent Recent medical cases … answers. written by this person’s two hands. 52 - 53 -====In the absence of personal identity, only end states matter. Shoemaker 99:==== 54 -David Shoemaker (Dept of Philosophy, U Memphis). “Utilitarianism and Personal Identity.” The Journal of Value Inquiry 33: 183–199, 1999. http://www.csun.edu/~ds56723/jvipaper.pdf 55 - 56 -Extreme reductionism might lend… is just such a theory. 57 - 58 -====Second, my standard controls the link to any practical reason or contract frameworks because rational agents would consent to a universal law to maximize utility to increase the chance of their own interests being satisfied.==== 59 - 60 -====Rejection of current IR paradigm magnifies hierarchy – emancipation rhetoric gives powerful states a basis for intervention and robs the Third World of agency – traditional security models solve their impacts better. McCormack 10:==== 61 -Tara McCormack, is Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Leicester and has a PhD in International Relations from the University of Westminster. 2010, Critique, Security and Power: The political limits to emancipatory approaches, pg. 127-129 62 - 63 -The following section will briefly … critical and emancipatory theoretical approaches. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,8 +1,0 @@ 1 -Open source 2 - 3 -New plan - 4 - 5 -====Thus, the plan: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected free speech through speech codes. Majeed 09:==== 6 -Azhar, has a B.A. in Political Science with a minor in History from the University of Michigan in 2004. He is also a 2007 graduate of the University of Michigan Law School, interests include comparative constitutional law and political philosophy. Azhar was one of FIRE’s inaugural Robert H. Jackson Legal Fellows and was also a FIRE legal intern in 2005. “Defying the Constitution: The Rise, Persistence, And Prevalence Of Campus Speech Codes” Georgetown Journal of Law and Public Policy. November 18, 2009. SA-IB 7 - 8 -Additionally, even when speech …difficulties posed by speech codes. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,5 +1,0 @@ 1 -Email: ishanbhatt42@gmail.com 2 - 3 -Facebook: Ishan Bhatt 4 - 5 -I'll be more likely to check Facebook - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,10 +1,0 @@ 1 -1AC 2 -- Nominal Damages Plan 3 -- Drones Adv 4 -- Brutality Adv 5 -1NC 6 -- Crime DA 7 -- Indemnification DA 8 -- Black Nihilism K 9 -2NR 10 -- Black Nihilism - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,12 +1,0 @@ 1 -1AC 2 -- Speech Codes v3 3 -1NC 4 -- Kant NC 5 -- Endowments DA 6 -- Must tell me correct plantext 7 -1AR 8 -- CX Checks 9 -2NR 10 -- Kant 11 -2AR 12 -- Substance - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,63 @@ 1 +====Advantage One is China: China plans to build floating nuclear reactors in the South China Sea. Roulstone 16:==== 2 +Tony, Cambridge Nuclear Energy Center. “Fukushima at sea? China wants a fleet of floating nuclear power plants” May 10, 2016. http://www.cnn.com/2016/04/28/opinions/china-floating-nuclear-reactors/ 3 + 4 +China is planning to build … expected to be oil-rich waters. 5 + 6 +====China needs floating nuclear power to power military operations on the islands they have created – only floating nuclear allows the islands to work. Forsythe 4/22:==== 7 +Michael, writes for the New York Times. “China to develop floating nuclear power plants” April 22, 2016. http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/23/world/asia/china-nuclear-power-south-china-sea.html?_r=0 SA-IB 8 + 9 +All the radar systems, lighthouses, … large buildings such as barracks. 10 + 11 +====China uses nuclear power to combat The Hague ruling – floating nuclear power is key to their hegemony. Follett 7/27:==== 12 +Andrew, Energy and science reporter. “Chinese Gov Media: We Can Put Nuclear Reactors In Disputed Waters By 2019” July 27, 2016. http://dailycaller.com/2016/07/27/chinese-gov-media-we-can-put-nuclear-reactors-in-disputed-waters-by-2019/ SA-IB 13 + 14 +A Chinese state-run news outlet … , according to the World Nuclear Association. 15 + 16 +====Floating nuclear power allows increased radar capacities and anti-navy powers. Wood 16:==== 17 +L. Todd. “China to build nuclear power plants in the South China Sea” April 24, 2016. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/apr/24/china-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-south-ch/ SA-IB 18 + 19 +China is planning to … range, reported the Sydney Morning Herald. 20 + 21 +====That kills US influence in the region – increased radar range crushes navy power – risks conflict and threatens war. Forsythe and Perlez 16:==== 22 +Michale and Jane. “South China Sea Buildup Brings Beijing Closer to Realizing Control” March 08, 2016. http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/09/world/asia/south-china-sea-militarization.html SA-IB 23 + 24 +Since taking office three years ago, … efforts to develop countermeasures against it. 25 + 26 +====US Navy weakness and Chinese domination of the South China Sea mean US-China war. Rubel 14:==== 27 +Robert C. Rubel 14, Dean of Naval Warfare Studies at the Naval War College, “Navies and Economic Prosperity: The New Logic of Sea Power,” in Writing to Think: The Intellectual Journey of a Naval Career, p.60-68 28 + 29 +Systems thinking recognize and acknowledge … current global economic woes—prosperity. 30 + 31 +====Advantage Two is Russian Artic Exploration: Russia wants to explore the artic but they need energy – floating nuclear plants are their plan, that’s the only way they can drill. Galpin 10:==== 32 +Richard. “Nuclaer power at heart of Russia’s Artic Ambition” BBC. Sept 22, 2010. 33 + 34 +In a grimy shipyard in St Petersburg, … sea near large gas rigs. 35 + 36 +====That causes warming and massive emissions. Kroh and Marano 13:==== 37 +Kiley and Howard. “Adding Fuel to the Fire: The Climate Consequences of Artic Ocean Drilling” March 21, 2013. 38 + 39 +The prospect of industrializing the fragile … incompatible with expanding fossil-fuel production. 40 + 41 +====Thus the plan: Countries should prohibit the production of floating nuclear power plants. Grossman 10:==== 42 +Karl, has specialized in doing investigative reporting in a variety of media for more than 40 years. He teaches as well as practices journalism. He is a professor of journalism at the State University of New York/College at Old Westbury. “Floating Chernobyls” Sept 03, 2010. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/author/karl-grossman SA-IB 43 + 44 +They would be floating Chernobyls. … initiative that Russia should emulate. 45 + 46 +====The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing for two reasons.==== 47 + 48 +====First reduction, Brain studies prove that there’s no such thing as personal identity. Parfit 84:==== 49 +Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons (Oxford: Clarendon, 1984). 50 + 51 +Some recent Recent medical cases … answers. written by this person’s two hands. 52 + 53 +====In the absence of personal identity, only end states matter. Shoemaker 99:==== 54 +David Shoemaker (Dept of Philosophy, U Memphis). “Utilitarianism and Personal Identity.” The Journal of Value Inquiry 33: 183–199, 1999. http://www.csun.edu/~ds56723/jvipaper.pdf 55 + 56 +Extreme reductionism might lend… is just such a theory. 57 + 58 +====Second, my standard controls the link to any practical reason or contract frameworks because rational agents would consent to a universal law to maximize utility to increase the chance of their own interests being satisfied.==== 59 + 60 +====Rejection of current IR paradigm magnifies hierarchy – emancipation rhetoric gives powerful states a basis for intervention and robs the Third World of agency – traditional security models solve their impacts better. McCormack 10:==== 61 +Tara McCormack, is Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Leicester and has a PhD in International Relations from the University of Westminster. 2010, Critique, Security and Power: The political limits to emancipatory approaches, pg. 127-129 62 + 63 +The following section will briefly … critical and emancipatory theoretical approaches. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +SEPOCT - Floating Nuclear Power Plants AC - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,61 @@ 1 +==Part One – Framing:== 2 +====The standard is mitigating structural violence. Structural violence is inherently flawed because it occurs because of arbitrary differences we perceive between different groups of people. Winter and Leighton 99:==== 3 +Deborah DuNann Winter and Dana C. Leighton. Winter|Psychologist that specializes in Social Psych, Counseling Psych, Historical and Contemporary Issues, Peace Psychology. Leighton: PhD graduate student in the Psychology Department at the University of Arkansas. Knowledgeable in the fields of social psychology, peace psychology, and justice and intergroup responses to transgressions of justice "Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century." Pg 4-5 SA-IB 4 + 5 +Finally, to recognize the operation of … empower citizens to reduce it 6 + 7 +====Focus on material realities of oppression is key – abstract thinking about moral norms reifies oppression. Curry 14:==== 8 +Curry, Dr. Tommy J. Associate Professor of Philosophy, Affiliated Professor of Africana Studies, and a Ray A. Rothrock Fellow at Texas AandM University; first Black JV National Debate champion (for UMKC) and was half of the first all Black CEDA team to win the Pi Kappa Delta National Debate Tournament “The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century.” SA-IB 9 + 10 +Despite the pronouncement of debate … our ideological tendencies and politics.’ 11 + 12 +==Part Two – Armenia:== 13 +====Armenia wants new reactors, but they have been delayed – all they have is Metsamor and that’s what they’re stuck with. Sahakyan 4/27:==== 14 +Armine, human rights activist in Armenia and columnist at the Kyiv Post and the Huffington Post. “Armenia Continues to Gamble on Aging Nuclear Plant in a Quake-Prone Area” April 27, 2016. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/armine-sahakyan/armenia-continues-to-gamb_b_9788186.html SA-IB 15 + 16 +Armenia was supposed to have … Some nuclear experts agree, but some don’t. 17 + 18 +====Metsamor is going to explode – it’s built on earthquake terrain and relies on old technology – no containment for the meltdown. Lavelle and Garthwaithe 11:==== 19 +Marianne Lavelle and Josie Garthwaithe, National Geographic News. “Is Armenia’s Nuclear Plant the World’s Most Dangerous?” April 14, 2011. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2011/04/110412-most-dangerous-nuclear-plant-armenia/ SA-IB 20 + 21 +In the shadow of Mount Ararat, the … a report by the U.S. Electric Power Research Institute. 22 + 23 +====Metsamor’s meltdown would destroy their agriculture and spread radiation across neighboring countries. Sahakyan 4/27:==== 24 +Armine, human rights activist in Armenia and columnist at the Kyiv Post and the Huffington Post. “Armenia Continues to Gamble on Aging Nuclear Plant in a Quake-Prone Area” April 27, 2016. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/armine-sahakyan/armenia-continues-to-gamb_b_9788186.html SA-IB 25 + 26 +An accident at Metsamor would … and Armenian neighbors Georgia and Iran. 27 + 28 +====Armenian agricultural collapse causes mass poverty. McKinley 02:==== 29 +Terry, Senior Policy Adviser on poverty and macroeconomic policies in the Bureau for Development Policy, UNDP, New York. “Growth, Inequality, and Poverty in Armenia” Chapter 4: Poverty and the Character of Growth. August 2002. 30 + 31 +The impact of agriculture on poverty … agricultural wealth had a propoor impact. 32 + 33 +====Thus the plan: The Republic of Armenia ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power. Only the plan solves – no new infrastructure for new plants – if they want production, they will have to take loans which fractures their economy. McGinnity 15:==== 34 +Ian, Region Studies Center (a think tank in Armenia that analyzes policy options for the government and does risk analysis for the results of those policies). “Risky Business – Roadblocks to Building Armenia’s New Nuclear Power Plant” May 25, 2015. http://regional-studies.org/blog/445-250515#_edn4 35 + 36 +Most importantly, Armenia faces feeble … investors against risk of failure. 37 + 38 +==Part Three – Underview:== 39 +====Reject the argument on T—if they win I’ll defend whole res. A) Substantive education—theory layer goes away and we get to debate the aff advantages which still apply—outweighs since education is the only reason people join the debate. B) Aff strat—dropping the debater makes affirming impossible because there’s always some interp that the aff violates.==== 40 + 41 + 42 +====Specifying is good – its key to policymaking because literally no one advocates for a global ban. Energy policies in different countries are extremely different and require context which means that only specifying can lead to education about the topic.==== 43 + 44 + 45 +====Aff gets RVIs – 1. AFF flex – neg has the ability to collapse to either layer so aff needs the same ability– this outweighs. A. 2NR collapse – time skew becomes 6-1 since I have to cover multiple layers in the 1AR, which makes it impossible to win B. 1AR is too short to read theory compared to the neg so AFF needs each layer to be reciprocal rather than adding more unreciprocal avenues 2. Only neg can read T because only AFF has a T burden so since aff can’t reciprocally respond they need the RVI to compensate for neg’s unique avenue to the ballot.==== 46 + 47 + 48 +====Adopt a stance of methodological pluralism – that allows us to reclaim IR as an emancipatory praxis and avoid endless violence. Bleiker 14:==== 49 +(6/17, Roland, Professor of International Relations at the University of Queensland, “International Theory Between Reification and Self-Reflective Critique,” International Studies Review, Volume 16, Issue 2, pages 325–327) 50 + 51 +This book is part of an increasing … could have been explored in more detail. 52 + 53 +====Simulated national security law debates preserve agency and enhance decision-making-~~-~-avoids cooption. Donohue 13:==== 54 +Laura K. Donohue 13, Associate Professor of Law, Georgetown Law, 4/11, “National Security Law Pedagogy and the Role of Simulations”, http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/National-Security-Law-Pedagogy-and-the-Role-of-Simulations.pdf 55 + 56 +The concept of simulations as … , it suggests one potential direction for the years to come. 57 + 58 +====Policymaking is good and valuable – key for emancipation. Coverstone 05:==== 59 +Alan, MBA. “Acting on Activism” 60 + 61 +Now what distinguishes ideal …conceptions of the social order. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,47 @@ 1 +==Framing== 2 +====I affirm. First, traditional moral theories are corrupt as they are formed through ideal theories. When we look at ethics in the ideal, we don’t acknowledge the specific circumstances in which oppression occurs – in fact, ideal theories serve to hide real oppression and hinder our progress.==== 3 +**Curry 14** Dr. Tommy J, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Affiliated Professor of Africana Studies, and a Ray A. Rothrock Fellow at Texas AandM University; first Black JV National Debate champion (for UMKC) and was half of the first all Black CEDA team to win the Pi Kappa Delta National Debate Tournament. “The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century.” 2014. SA-IB 4 + 5 +Despite the pronouncement of debate as ... our ideological tendencies and politics 6 + 7 +====Thus my standard is mitigating structural violence. This means looking toward actions that could allow us to solve material conditions of oppression. This means that we should not look to ideals such as morality, the social contract, or Kantian deontology, as those attempt to define our actions within an ideal frame. An ethical theory that simply dismisses good solutions as immoral or against our ideals is faulty because under those, we would never be able to solve problems. We should instead look to a conception of justice that looks comparatively at different solutions.=== 8 +**Lane 09** Allen Lane, reporter for the London Times. Lane is summarizing the claims of Amartya Sen, “The Idea of Justice by Amartya Sen” London Times. 2009. SA-IB 9 + 10 +Free societies call for justice. A.Sen explained ... The perfect becomes the enemy of the good. 11 + 12 +==Contention== 13 + 14 +====The “clearly established” doctrine and the “reasonableness” standard of qualified immunity creates room for any and all officers to argue that their conduct was acceptable. Under the standard, officers can argue one of two things, a) the right that was violated was not clearly established, meaning that a court case hadn’t ruled on said right or b) not every reasonable officer was aware of that right. This vague interpretation of rights enables police to enjoy immunity no matter how heinous their conduct.==== 15 +**Carbado 16** Drew, professor of law at UCLA. “Blue-on-Black Violence: A Provisional Model of Some of the Causes” Georgetown Law Journal Volume 2014. 2016. 16 + 17 +A second problem with the “clearly established” doctrine ... officers accountable for acts of violence. 18 + 19 +====My thesis and advocacy is that the “clearly established” doctrine and the “reasonableness” standard of qualified immunity are faulty and should be replaced with a doctrine of “clear unconstitutionality.” We should limit qualified immunity through this process. Instead of asking whether the right was clearly established and would a reasonable officer have been aware, the court would now simply evaluate whether the officer’s conduct violated the constitution.==== 20 +**Catlett 05** Michael, University of Arizona College of Law. Clearly Not Established: Decisional Law and the Qualified Immunity Doctrine,” Arizona Law Review Vol. 47, 2005. http://arizonalawreview.org/pdf/47-4/47arizlrev1031.pdf SA-IB 21 + 22 +In trying to decide whether a ... How recently was the constitutional right pronounced? 23 + 24 +====The affirmative allows a level playing field in courts – a reliance on an outside solution hasn’t worked and wont work. Only a level playing field in courts can allow police to finally be held accountable.==== 25 +**Wright 15** Sam, public interest lawyer who has spent his career exclusively in nonprofits and government. “Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity” Nov 3, 2015. http://abovethelaw.com/2015/11/want-to-fight-police-misconduct-reform-qualified-immunity/?rf=1 SA-IB 26 + 27 +As usual, I’ve not buried the lede: that something ... justice done, we should push to make it happen. 28 + 29 +====Affirming individual lawsuits is key to fight back against the normalization of police brutality because lawsuits create social condemnation.==== 30 +**Armacost 98** Barbara. “Qualified Immunity: Ignorance Excused,” Vanderbilt Law Review. April 1998. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=90852 31 + 32 +If individual liability for constitutional violations ... allegations of clear constitutional impropriety. 33 + 34 +====My argument is very simple, if a survivor of police brutality wants to sue, they should be allowed to sue. That is the fundamental question of this debate. Removing the “clearly established” doctrine is key to prevent racist violence – the insistence on a previous court case bearing near identical circumstance enables police brutality.==== 35 +**Marguilles 11** Peter, professor of law at Roger Williams University. “Noncitizens’ Remedies Lost?: Accountability for Overreaching in Immigration Enforcement.” FIU Law Review, 2011. 36 + 37 +The specificity two-step recurs in qualified immunity cases. To ... precedent merely incentivizes reckless behavior. 38 + 39 +====Introducing public scrutiny does not harm policing – the best and latest study disproves the de-policing thesis. Attempts to argue that the aff would deter officers from active policing is false and police departments will still function underneath the aff world.==== 40 +**Rushin and Edwards 16** Stephen Rushin and Griffin Edwards, “DE-POLICING”, DRAFT, Forthcoming, Cornell Law Review Volume 102 (2017), p. 39 41 + 42 +We failed to find any consistent ... pains. The sections that follow walk through the data. 43 + 44 +====Finally, allowing litigation against officers creates accountability and encourages better policing – this turns any arguments about how police officers will be impaired if we remove qualified immunity – the affirmative creates more accountable and better policing overall.==== 45 +**Shircore 05** Mandy Shircore, Associate Lecturer, James Cook University, POLICE LIABILITY FOR NEGLIGENT INVESTIGATIONS: WHEN WILL A DUTY OF CARE ARISE? MANDY SHIRCORE* DEAKIN LAW REVIEW VOLUME 10 No 2, http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/4657/1/4657_Shircore_2006.pdf p. 26-27 46 + 47 +Of greater significance is the compelling argument that the ... has been detrimentally affected in this way. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,57 @@ 1 +====I value morality, which deals with assigning goodness to actions. Actions are only differentiated from events if they are constituted by practical reasoning.==== 2 +**Rodl 2k:** Sebastian, German philosopher and professor of practical philosophy at the University of Leipzig, he studied philosophy, musicology, German literature and history in Frankfurt am Main and Berlin. His work focuses on the nature of human thought and action. He contributes to philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, moral philosophy, epistemology and action theory. From 2005-2012 he was professor of philosophy at the University of Basel. "Self-Consciousness" Harvard University Press. 2007. IB 3 +Calculation from desire does not yield a premise … of a movement, and I would not, in doing A1 and A2, be doing B. 4 + 5 +====That outweighs– even reflecting about what framework we should use concedes the authority of reasoning. Next, any moral rule must be universal as there is no inherent distinction between agents.==== 6 +**Velleman 06:** David, Professor of Philosophy at New York University in the NYU Department of Philosophy. He taught previously for more than twenty years at the University of Michigan, Professor Velleman's work in the philosophy of action includes the book Practical Reflection (reprinted 2007, CSLI Publications) and a collection of papers, The Possibility of Practical Reason (open-access second edition 2015, Maize Books). His papers on the self are collected in Self to Self (Cambridge 2006). His work on the foundations of morality comprises two monographs: How We Get Along (Cambridge 2009) and Foundations for Moral Relativism (open-access second edition 2015, Open Book Publishers). Velleman has received fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Guggenheim Foundation, and he is a founding co-Editor of Philosophers' Imprint. "Self to Self" Cambridge University Press. 2006. 7 +Rational creatures have access to a shared perspective, from … of the sum is authoritative, because it speaks for the judgment of all. 8 + 9 +====Next, willing coercion is a contradiction because we simultaneously extend our own freedom to will while curtailing it.==== 10 +**Engstrom:** Stephen, professor of ethics at the University of Pittsburgh, he previously taught at the University of Chicago and at Harvard, and since joining the Department he has held visiting positions at UCLA, the University of Leipzig, and the University of Chicago. His areas of interest include ethics, metaphysics, modern philosophy (especially Kant), and ancient philosophy. "Universal Legislation as the Form of Practical Knowledge." No Date. IB 11 +Given the preceding considerations, it’s a straightforward matter to … both the extension and the limitation of both their own and others’ freedom. 12 + 13 +====A respect for everyone as ends is key to any social movement – the affirmative conceptualizes Kantian philosophy to create an emancipatory political theory.==== 14 +Mills 15: Charles, the John Evans Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy at Northwestern University, author of the Racial Contract. "Black Radical Liberalism (by Charles Mills)." February 23, 2015. http://peasoup.typepad.com/peasoup/2015/02/black-radical-liberalism-and-why-it-isnt-an-oxymoron.html 15 +"Black radical liberalism" is my attempt to reconstruct from different … liberalism would be addressed rather than evaded. 16 + 17 +====Thus the standard is consistency with a system of equal freedom. Prefer – ==== 18 + 19 +====1. Human Worth – it follows from practical reason that rational beings have inherent value. ==== 20 +**Korsgaard 96:** Christine, professor of philosophy at Harvard. "The Sources of Normativity." 1996. 21 +This is just a fancy new model of … reasons and values must be valued for its own sake. 22 + 23 +====This sense of value proves human worth – this comes before aggregation because human worth can’t be added to create more human worth.==== 24 +**Korsgaard 93:** Christine, professor of philosophy at Harvard. "The reasons we can share: An attack on the distinction between agent-relative and agent-neutral values." Cambridge University Press, 1993. Previously published in Social Philosophy and Policy 10, no. 1: 24-51. 25 +The difference between these two interpretations of … about value may be a consequentialist, while an Intersubjectivist will not. 26 + 27 +====Human worth generates a system of equal freedom – this creates a mutual responsibility and honor. Rightful honor means that you cannot set your worth above another. ==== 28 +**Ripstein 09:** Arthur, professor of law at the University of Toronto. "Force and Freedom: Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy." 2009. SA-IB 29 +The same right to be your own master within a system of … characterizes as a condition in which everyone is subject to the choice of others. 30 + 31 +====2. Governments – the right to freedom is the foundation of government authority – the state exists in order to maintain that freedom. That defines a government’s original purpose – means the aff is the most actor specific.==== 32 +**Korsgaard 08:** Christine, professor of philosophy at Harvard. "Taking the law into our own hands: Kant on the right to revolution." In The Constitution of Agency, 233-262. 2008. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Originally published in Reclaiming the History of Ethics: Essays for John Rawls, eds. Andrews Reath, Barbara Herman, and Christine M. Korsgaard. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. 33 +Why is it permissible for others to force or coerce you to conform … transferring our executive authority to a government. 34 + 35 +====3. Human Equality – that mandates a system of equal freedom, it’s the only way to respect equality amongst agents.==== 36 +**Ripstein 09:** Arthur, professor of law at the University of Toronto. "Force and Freedom: Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy." 2009. 37 +Kant offers different formulations of innate right, each of which … make your life go well, or has a pressing need that only you can satisfy. 38 + 39 +====Qualified immunity sets an officer’s worth above citizens – this allows them to wrongfully injure and act without responsibility to others – that violates equal freedom and enables police brutality.==== 40 +**Sand 13:** Georgia, activist and reporter at Cop Block: Badges Don’t Grant Extra Rights. "Ignorance of the law is legally an excuse for police officers" March 15, 2013. http://www.copblock.org/28642/ignorance-of-the-law-is-legally-an-excuse-for-police-officers/ SA-IB 41 +Qualified immunity is a legal doctrine by which police … may act as they please, unless the law has clearly established that doing so is a violation of the victim’s rights. 42 + 43 +====Thus the plan: On its next appropriate test case, the United States Supreme Court ought to remove qualified immunity for nominal damage suits against police officers.==== 44 +**Pfander 11:** James, the Owen L. Coon Professor of Law at the Northwestern Pritzker School of Law, teaches civil procedure, conflicts of law, federal jurisdiction, and constitutional law. A member of the American Law Institute, Pfander has served as chair of the procedure and jurisdiction sections of the Association of American Law Schools. He has published dozens of scholarly articles and essays in such journals as the Harvard Law Review, the Yale Law Journal, and the Columbia Law Review. "RESOLVING THE QUALIFIED IMMUNITY DILEMMA: CONSTITUTIONAL TORT CLAIMS FOR NOMINAL DAMAGES" Faculty Working Papers, Northwestern University School of Law. 2011. SA-IB 45 +Applying the principles in these leading cases, one can … seeking one dollar. The next part addresses these concerns. 46 + 47 +====This allows constitutional vindication and deterrence – only that prevents court backlash and maximizes the clarity of tort law.==== 48 +**Pfander 11:** James, the Owen L. Coon Professor of Law at the Northwestern Pritzker School of Law, teaches civil procedure, conflicts of law, federal jurisdiction, and constitutional law. A member of the American Law Institute, Pfander has served as chair of the procedure and jurisdiction sections of the Association of American Law Schools. He has published dozens of scholarly articles and essays in such journals as the Harvard Law Review, the Yale Law Journal, and the Columbia Law Review. "RESOLVING THE QUALIFIED IMMUNITY DILEMMA: CONSTITUTIONAL TORT CLAIMS FOR NOMINAL DAMAGES" Faculty Working Papers, Northwestern University School of Law. 2011. SA-IB 49 +Building on these early foundations, this essay … the norms in question can be regarded as clearly established. 50 + 51 +====This links to the standard – a) when you violate my rights, you should be held accountable and open to liability and b) when officers act however they want due to immunity from liability, that violates their responsibility to others. A respect for people as ends requires the ability to enforce liability through tort law – everyone has a unique responsibility to others.==== 52 +**Ripstein 04:** Arthur, professor of law at the University of Toronto. "The Division of Responsibility and the Law of Tort" Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 04-02. SA-IB 53 +This brings us back to the law of tort. Almost … to set and pursue your own conception of the good. 54 + 55 +====The affirmative’s conception of Kantian philosophy is key to solve racism – this takes out any abstracting link – the affirmative employs abstraction for the purpose of a) transcending arbitrary differences between humans and affirm the inherent equality in everyone and b) abstracting away from personal interests to avoid egoism and uphold equality.==== 56 +**Farr 02:** Arnold, professor of philosophy at University of Kentucky who focuses on German idealism, race philosophy, postmodernism, psychoanalsysis, and liberation philosophy. "Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?" Journal of Social Philosophy. Volume 33, No. 1. Spring 2002. 57 +Whereas most criticisms are aimed at the formulation … categorical imperative without first exploring its emancipatory potential. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,65 @@ 1 +===1AC – Drones Adv=== 2 + 3 +====Litigation has a deterrence effect on drones, makes official think twice about strikes – normal judicial review indicts don’t apply to ex post suits.==== 4 +**Vladeck 13:** Stephen, professor of law and associate dean for scholarship at American University Washington College of Law, senior editor of the peer-reviewed Journal of National Security Law and Policy, Supreme Court Fellow at the Constitution Project, fellow at the Center on National Security at Fordham University School of Law, JD from Yale Law School. "Drones and the War on Terror: When Can the U.S. Target Alleged American Terrorists Overseas?" Hearing Before the House Committee on the Judiciary. February 27, 2013. 5 + 6 +At first blush, it may seem like many of these issues … and laws of the United States, what does the government have to hide? 7 + 8 +====Ex post civil suits place checks on the executive, which is especially key considering Trump’s plans for counterterror.==== 9 +**Hafetz 13:** Jonathon, associate professor of law at Seton Hall University Law School, former senior staff attorney at the ACLU, served on legal teams in multiple Supreme Court cases regarding national security. "Reviewing Drones" March 08, 2013. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathan-hafetz/reviewing-drones'b'2815671.html IB 10 + 11 +The better course is to ensure meaningful review after the fact. … drone strike satisfies these requirements, the suit should be dismissed. 12 + 13 +====The aff spills over to government officials – limitation on qualified immunity specifically holds the government accountable.==== 14 +**Cornyn et al 01:** (John, Andy Taylor First Assistant Attorney General Gregory S. Coleman Solicitor General Counsel of Record Lisa R. Eskow Assistant Solicitor General P.O. Box 12548 Austin, Texas 78711-2548 (512) 936-1700 Counsel for Amici Bill Pryor Attorney General of Alabama 11 South Union Street Montgomery, AL 36130 Bruce M. Botelho Attorney General of Alaska P.O. Box 110300 Juneau, AK 99811-0300 Mark Pryor Attorney General of Arkansas 323 Center St., Ste. 200 Little Rock, AR 72201 Bill Lockyer Attorney General of California 1300 1 Street, Ste. 125 P.O. Box 944255 Sacramento, CA 94244-2550 Ken Salazar Attorney General of Colorado 1525 Sherman St., 7th Fl. Denver, CO 80203 Richard Blumenthal Attorney General of Connecticut 55 Elm Street Hartford, CT 06141-0120 M. Jane Brady Attorney General of Delaware 820 N. French St. Wilmington, DE 19801 James E. Ryan Attorney General of Illinois 100 W. Randolph St., 12th Fl. Chicago, IL 60601 Richard P. Ieyoub Attorney General of Louisiana P.O. Box 94095 Baton Rouge, LA 70804-9095 J. Joseph Curran, Jr. Attorney General of Maryland 200 St. Paul Place Baltimore, MD 21202 Thomas F. Reilly Attorney General of Massachusetts One Ashburton Place Boston, MA 02108-1698 Mike Moore Attorney General of Mississippi P.O. Box 220 Jackson, MS 39205 Joseph P. Mazurek Attorney General of Montana 215 N. Sanders P.O. Box 201401 Helena, MT 59620-1401 Don Stenberg Attorney General of Nebraska 2115 State Capitol Lincoln, NE 68509 Eliot Spitzer Attorney General of New York The Capitol Albany, NY 12224 Heidi Heitkamp Attorney General of North Dakota 600 E. Boulevard Ave. Bismarck, ND 58505-0040 Betty D. Montgomery Attorney General of Ohio 30 E. Broad St., 17th Fl. Columbus, OH 43215 W.A. Drew Edmondson Attorney General of Oklahoma 2300 N. Lincoln Blvd., Ste. 112 Oklahoma City, OK 73105-4894 Hardy Myers Attorney General of Oregon 1162 Court St. N.E. Salem, OR 97310 D. Michael Fisher Attorney General of Pennsylvania 16th Fl., Strawberry Square Harrisburg, PA 17120 Charles M. Condon Attorney General of South Carolina P.O. Box 11549 Columbia, SC 29211 Mark Barnett Attorney General of South Dakota 500 East Capitol Avenue Pierre, SD 57501-5070 Paul G. Summers Attorney General of Tennessee 425 Fifth Ave., North Nashville, TN 37243 Jan Graham Attorney General of Utah 236 State Capitol Salt Lake City, UT 84114 William H. Sorrell Attorney General of Vermont 109 State Street Montpelier, VT 05609-1001 Christine O. Gregoire Attorney General of Washington 1125 Washington Street P.O. Box 40100 Olympia, WA 98504-0100 Brief of The States of Texas, Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut,¶ Delaware, Illinois, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, and Washington as Amici Curiae in Support of Petitioner) 15 + 16 +The "reasonable mistake" is one of the … as it strikes the best "balance between the evils inevitable in an available alternative." See Harlow, 457 U.S., at 813. 17 + 18 +===1AC – Brutality Adv=== 19 + 20 +====QI’s rhetoric allows officers to enjoy it in literally every case – means that current forms of qualified immunity will never solve.==== 21 +**Carbado 16:** Drew, Devon, Associate Vice Chancellor of BruinX for Equity, Diversity and Inclusion and the Honorable Harry Pregerson Professor of Law at UCLA School of Law. He teaches Constitutional Criminal Procedure, Constitutional Law, Critical Race Theory, and Criminal Adjudication. He has won numerous teaching awards, including being elected Professor of the Year by the UCLA School of Law classes of 2000 and 2006 and received the Law School's Rutter Award for Excellence in Teaching in 2003 and the University's Distinguished Teaching Award, the Eby Award for the Art of Teaching in 2007. In 2005 Professor Carbado was named an inaugural recipient of the Fletcher Foundation Fellowship. "Blue-On-Black Violence: A Provisional Model of Some of the Causes" Georgetown Law Journal. July 11, 2016. SA-IB 22 + 23 +A second problem with the "clearly established" doctrine … hurdle to holding police officers accountable for acts of violence. 24 + 25 +====QI enables and encourages police brutality – the law holds police to a lower standard than people.==== 26 +**Sand 13:** Georgia, activist and reporter at Cop Block: Badges Don’t Grant Extra Rights. "Ignorance of the law is legally an excuse for police officers" March 15, 2013. http://www.copblock.org/28642/ignorance-of-the-law-is-legally-an-excuse-for-police-officers/ SA-IB 27 + 28 +"Ignorance of the law is no excuse." Undoubtedly, … doing so is a violation of the victim’s rights. 29 + 30 +===1AC – ND Plan=== 31 + 32 +====Thus the plan: On its next appropriate test case, the United States Supreme Court ought to remove qualified immunity for nominal damage suits against police officers.==== 33 +**Pfander 11:** James, the Owen L. Coon Professor of Law at the Northwestern Pritzker School of Law, teaches civil procedure, conflicts of law, federal jurisdiction, and constitutional law. A member of the American Law Institute, Pfander has served as chair of the procedure and jurisdiction sections of the Association of American Law Schools. He has published dozens of scholarly articles and essays in such journals as the Harvard Law Review, the Yale Law Journal, and the Columbia Law Review. "RESOLVING THE QUALIFIED IMMUNITY DILEMMA: CONSTITUTIONAL TORT CLAIMS FOR NOMINAL DAMAGES" Faculty Working Papers, Northwestern University School of Law. 2011. SA-IB 34 + 35 +Applying the principles in these leading cases, … constitutional case at the behest of a plaintiff seeking one dollar. The next part addresses these concerns. 36 + 37 +====This allows constitutional vindication and deterrence – only that prevents court backlash and maximizes the clarity of tort law.==== 38 +**Pfander 11:** James, the Owen L. Coon Professor of Law at the Northwestern Pritzker School of Law, teaches civil procedure, conflicts of law, federal jurisdiction, and constitutional law. A member of the American Law Institute, Pfander has served as chair of the procedure and jurisdiction sections of the Association of American Law Schools. He has published dozens of scholarly articles and essays in such journals as the Harvard Law Review, the Yale Law Journal, and the Columbia Law Review. "RESOLVING THE QUALIFIED IMMUNITY DILEMMA: CONSTITUTIONAL TORT CLAIMS FOR NOMINAL DAMAGES" Faculty Working Papers, Northwestern University School of Law. 2011. SA-IB 39 + 40 +Building on these early foundations, this essay … the norms in question can be regarded as clearly established. 41 + 42 +===1AC – Framing=== 43 + 44 +====The role of the ballot is to vote for the advocacy that best mitigates oppression. Debate in academic spaces is key – oppression permeates our society and breaks apart any attempted shift away from dominant ideology. Resisting it in educational spaces is key to any meaningful alternative. ==== 45 +**Giroux 15:** Henry, Professor and founding theorist of critical pedagogy and he is best known for his pioneering work in public pedagogy, cultural studies, youth studies, higher education, media studies, and critical theory. In 2002 Routledge named Giroux as one of the top fifty educational thinkers of the modern period. "Beyond Dystopian Visions in the Age of Neoliberal Authoritarianism." Nov 4, 2015 SA-IB 46 + 47 +If neoliberal authoritarianism is to be challenged and overcome, it is crucial that … sustain public commitments, develop a sense of compassion for others, locally and globally. 48 + 49 +====This requires a focus on material conditions of oppression – abstract theorizing is the same as doing nothing – in the end, deontology and yelling ‘burn it down’ both skirt the issues.==== 50 +**Curry 14:** Dr. Tommy J, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Affiliated Professor of Africana Studies, and a Ray A. Rothrock Fellow at Texas AandM University; first Black JV National Debate champion (for UMKC) and was half of the first all Black CEDA team to win the Pi Kappa Delta National Debate Tournament. "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century." 2014. SA-IB 51 + 52 +Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual … among our ideological tendencies and politics.’ 53 + 54 +====Adopt a stance of methodological pluralism involving indicts to our method – this is key to evaluate phenomena from different perspectives and gain the most out of education.==== 55 +**Bleiker 14:** (6/17, Roland, Professor of International Relations at the University of Queensland, "International Theory Between Reification and Self-Reflective Critique," International Studies Review, Volume 16, Issue 2, pages 325–327) 56 + 57 +This book is part of an increasing trend … here with arguments advanced by assemblage thinking and complexity theory—links that could have been explored in more detail. 58 + 59 +====Progress has occurred though legal change —- pessimism ignores specific reforms that achieved lasting reductions in racial inequality.==== 60 +**Omi and Winant 13:** Michael Omi (Sociologist at UC Berkeley, focusing on antiracism scholarship and Asian American studies) and Howard Winant (Professor of Sociology affiliated with the Black Studies and Chicana/o Studies departments of UC Santa Barbara), Resistance is futile?: a response to Feagin and Elias, Ethnic and Racial Studies Volume 36, Issue 6, p. 961-973, Special Issue: Symposium - Rethinking Racial Formation Theory. 2013. 61 +— desegregation of the army, the Voting Rights Act, the Immigration and Naturalization Act, repeal of anti-miscegenation laws 62 +— spills over to legal access for feminism, gay liberation, and the environmentalist and anti-war movements 63 +— antiblackness is political, not ontological; incarceration is used as a tool to suppress voting rights, women of color are policed via reproductive rights laws 64 + 65 +In Feagin and Elias's account, white racist rule … environmentalist and anti-war movements among others - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +46 - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +5 - Team
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +St Andrews Bhatt Aff - Title
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +NOVDEC - Accountability AC - Nominal Damages Plan - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Isidore Newman
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,5 @@ 1 +Email: ishanbhatt42@gmail.com 2 + 3 +Facebook: Ishan Bhatt 4 + 5 +I'll be more likely to check Facebook - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-21 15:14:07.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +0 - Contact - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +X
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,5 @@ 1 +Greenhill RR Round 2 - Interpretation: Plan inclusive counterplans may not be read conditionally 2 + 3 +Harvard Trips - Interpretation: debaters may not bracket cards, or insert any of their own words into a piece of evidence written by another author in brackets, unless doing so is necessary to avoid using offensive language. 4 + 5 +Harvard Dubs - Interpretation: the neg must explicitly check all interps in cx giving me a chance to comply. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-21 15:14:08.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +1 - Broken Interps - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +X
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,8 @@ 1 +Open source 2 + 3 +New plan - 4 + 5 +====Thus, the plan: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected free speech through speech codes. Majeed 09:==== 6 +Azhar, has a B.A. in Political Science with a minor in History from the University of Michigan in 2004. He is also a 2007 graduate of the University of Michigan Law School, interests include comparative constitutional law and political philosophy. Azhar was one of FIRE’s inaugural Robert H. Jackson Legal Fellows and was also a FIRE legal intern in 2005. “Defying the Constitution: The Rise, Persistence, And Prevalence Of Campus Speech Codes” Georgetown Journal of Law and Public Policy. November 18, 2009. SA-IB 7 + 8 +Additionally, even when speech …difficulties posed by speech codes. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-04-26 14:38:31.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Evnen, DeBois, Hordines - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Cambridge OS - ParentRound
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +59 - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Doubles - Team
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +St Andrews Bhatt Aff - Title
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +janfeb ~-~- 1ac ~-~- speech codes - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harvard
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +50 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-11 16:45:56.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Chapman, Stancliffe - OpenSource
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +https://hsld.debatecoaches.org/download/St+Andrews/Bhatt+Aff/St%20Andrews-Bhatt-Aff-Sophomore%20RR-Round1.docx - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Lake Highland SS - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +1 - RoundReport
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,7 @@ 1 +1AC 2 +- FNPP 3 +- China SCS Adv 4 +- Russia Artic Adv 5 +1NC 6 +- Must Defend International Actor 7 +- Must Defend All Nuclear Power - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Sophomore RR
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +52 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-11 16:46:44.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Vincent, Randall, Kueffner - OpenSource
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +https://hsld.debatecoaches.org/download/St+Andrews/Bhatt+Aff/St%20Andrews-Bhatt-Aff-Holy%20Cross-Octas.docx - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harvard-Westlake AM - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Octas - RoundReport
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,13 @@ 1 +1AC 2 +- Armenia 3 +1NC 4 +- Must Defend All Countries 5 +- Cold Fusion PIC 6 +- Case Defense 7 +1AR 8 +- Niemi K 9 +2NR 10 +- PIC 11 +2AR 12 +- K 13 +- Case - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Holy Cross
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +53 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-11 16:47:23.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Levitt - OpenSource
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +https://hsld.debatecoaches.org/download/St+Andrews/Bhatt+Aff/St%20Andrews-Bhatt-Aff-Peach%20State%20Classic-Round1.docx - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Montgomery Academy EP - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +1 - RoundReport
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,4 @@ 1 +1AC 2 +- Police Accountability 3 +1NC 4 +- Deterrence DA - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Peach State Classic
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +54 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-11 16:48:03.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Lonam - OpenSource
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +https://hsld.debatecoaches.org/download/St+Andrews/Bhatt+Aff/St%20Andrews-Bhatt-Aff-Isidore%20Newman-Round3.docx - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Cabot BG - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +3 - RoundReport
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,4 @@ 1 +1AC 2 +- Kant 3 +1NC 4 +- Deleuze War Machine K - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Isidore Newman
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- Cites
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +55 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-11 16:48:23.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Thomas - OpenSource
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +https://hsld.debatecoaches.org/download/St+Andrews/Bhatt+Aff/St%20Andrews-Bhatt-Aff-Isidore%20Newman-Round5.docx - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Holy Cross TL - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +5 - RoundReport
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,10 @@ 1 +1AC 2 +- Nominal Damages Plan 3 +- Drones Adv 4 +- Brutality Adv 5 +1NC 6 +- Crime DA 7 +- Indemnification DA 8 +- Black Nihilism K 9 +2NR 10 +- Black Nihilism - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Isidore Newman
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +64,65 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-21 15:14:05.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +70 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-04-26 14:38:29.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Evnen, DeBois, Hordines - OpenSource
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +https://hsld.debatecoaches.org/download/St+Andrews/Bhatt+Aff/St%20Andrews-Bhatt-Aff-Harvard-Doubles.docx - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Cambridge OS - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Doubles - RoundReport
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,12 @@ 1 +1AC 2 +- Speech Codes v3 3 +1NC 4 +- Kant NC 5 +- Endowments DA 6 +- Must tell me correct plantext 7 +1AR 8 +- CX Checks 9 +2NR 10 +- Kant 11 +2AR 12 +- Substance - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harvard