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+===Part 1 is Framing=== |
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+====The role of the ballot is to vote for the advocacy that best reduces material conditions of oppression.==== |
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+ |
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+====1 – standpoint epistemology is the best starting point for moral decisions – other methods exclude some viewpoints, which makes true analysis impossible. Mills 05:==== |
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+Charles Mills, "Ideal Theory" as Ideology, 2005. **brackets for ableist language** |
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+The crucial common claim—whether … in male-dominated philosophical literature. |
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+ |
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+====2 – looking toward material conditions is key for effective debate. Curry 14:==== |
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+Dr. Tommy J, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Affiliated Professor of Africana Studies, and a Ray A. Rothrock Fellow at Texas AandM University; first Black JV National Debate champion (for UMKC) and was half of the first all Black CEDA team to win the Pi Kappa Delta National Debate Tournament. "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century." 2014. SA-IB |
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+Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and … our ideological tendencies and politics.’ |
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+ |
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+====You should trust your intuition that oppression is bad – anything else makes the debate space unsafe for those who actually face it. ==== |
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+ |
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+===Part 2 is Speech Codes=== |
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+ |
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+====Speech codes have two oppressive manifestations –==== |
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+ |
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+====1 – Verbal Speech Codes ==== |
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+ |
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+====a) speech codes encourage reverse enforcement – they aren’t enforced against whites but are constantly used to shut down minority voices. Friedersdorf 15:==== |
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+Conor, staff writer at The Atlantic, where he focuses on politics and national affairs. He lives in Venice, California, and is the founding editor of The Best of Journalism, a newsletter devoted to exceptional nonfiction. "Free Speech Is No Diversion" The Atlantic, November 12, 2015. http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/11/race-and-the-anti-free-speech-diversion/415254/ SA-IB |
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+In January of 1987, flyers distributed … groups. The First Amendment does." |
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+ |
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+====b) censorship empowers the speech it attempts to stifle and encourages minorities to rely on antiblack and statist institutions. Strossen 2k:==== |
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+Nadine, John Marshall Harlan II Professor of Law at New York Law School, President of the American Civil Liberties Union from February 1991 to October 2008. She was the first woman and the youngest person to ever lead the ACLU. Professor Strossen’s writings have been published in many scholarly and general interest publications (more than 300 published works). Her book, Defending Pornography: Free Speech, Sex, and the Fight for Women’s Rights, was named by the New York Times as a "Notable Book" of 1995. "Incitement to Hatred: Should There Be a Limit" New York Law School. 2000. SA-IB |
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+The viewpoint-neutrality principle reflects … of empowering them, it enfeebles them.4 |
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+ |
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+====2 – Free Speech Zones==== |
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+ |
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+====a) free speech zones allow authorities to shut down protests without appearing to do so. Mitchell 03:==== |
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+Don, Distinguished Professor of Geography at Syracuse’s Maxwell School, specializes in Cultural, political economy of landscape, social theory, labor, geographies of power and marginalization, and Marxism. "The Liberalization of Free Speech: Or, How Protest in Public Space is Silenced" Stanford Agora. Vol. 4. 2003. agora.stanford.edu/agora/volume4/articles/mitchell/mitchell.pdf SA-IB |
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+On much of this Holmes did not disagree. His … if any effective right to free speech is to be retained. |
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+ |
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+====b) speech zones discourage protest and make it more likely protests will violate some rule so the established order will have an excuse to crack down on dissent – their existence gives the authorities another excuse to arrest. Mitchell 2:==== |
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+Don, Distinguished Professor of Geography at Syracuse’s Maxwell School, specializes in Cultural, political economy of landscape, social theory, labor, geographies of power and marginalization, and Marxism. "The Liberalization of Free Speech: Or, How Protest in Public Space is Silenced" Stanford Agora. Vol. 4. 2003. agora.stanford.edu/agora/volume4/articles/mitchell/mitchell.pdf SA-IB |
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+it has not been progressive in both senses of the term. It … through the strategic geography of the public forum doctrine. |
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+ |
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+====Thus the plan: Public colleges and universities ought not restrict any constitutionally protected free speech through speech codes. Lukianoff 12:==== |
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+Greg, president of FIRE, published articles in the Los Angeles Times, the Boston Globe, the Chronicle of Higher Education, The Atlantic, Inside Higher Ed, and the New York Post, blogger for the Huffington Post and served as a regular columnist for the Daily Journal of Los Angeles and San Francisco. "Speech Codes: The Biggest Scandal On College Campuses Today" Forbes. December 19, 2012. http://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2012/12/19/speech-codes-the-biggest-scandal-on-college-campuses-today/~~#43ebc7d01409 SA-IB |
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+Today’s conventional wisdom seems to be that university … alone our universities, which are supposed to be our most bustling marketplaces of ideas. |
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+ |
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+===Part 3 is Free Speech=== |
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+ |
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+====1 – limiting speech gives power to the institution to determine what speech is or is not acceptable – ceding that power to the state is problematic. Wizner 12: ==== |
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+Ben, director of the American Civil Liberties Union’s Speech, Privacy and Technology Project, worked at the intersection of civil liberties and national security, litigating numerous cases involving airport security policies, government watch lists, surveillance practices, targeted killing, and torture. He appears regularly in the global media, has testified before Congress, and is an adjunct professor at New York University School of Law. He was the principal legal advisor to NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden. Ben is a graduate of Harvard College and New York University School of Law and was a law clerk to the Hon. Stephen Reinhardt of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. "Should There Be Limits on Freedom of Speech?" Constitution USA with Peter Sagal on PBS, accompanying statement from the ACLU. 2012. http://www.pbs.org/tpt/constitution-usa-peter-sagal/rights/limits-free-speech/~~#.WFCQkqIrKAw SA-IB |
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+"What is freedom of expression?" asks author Salman … founders who, after all, had some pretty provocative ideas of their own. |
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+ |
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+====2 – counterspeech is empirically effective and a better method to deal with oppressive speech – even if survivors can’t, the community can. Calleros 95:==== |
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+Charles R, professor of law at Arizona State University, research interests include international and comparative contract law; international conflict of laws; the intersection of free speech with race and gender discrimination; and various issues regarding legal education. "PATERNALISM, COUNTERSPEECH, AND CAMPUS HATE-SPEECH CODES: A REPLY TO DELGADO AND YUN" Arizona State Law Journal. Winter, 1995. SA-IB |
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+Delgado and Yun characterize these arguments … some limitations on, their participation in such partisan speech. n72 |
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+ |
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+====3 – student activism is key to social revolution – theory must be combined with material praxis and the AFF is specifically key to foster and maintain counter hegemonic practice – this card is untouchable. Delgado and Ross 16:==== |
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+Sandra Delgado, doctoral student in curriculum studies at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. Her interests include social movements, critical pedagogy, curriculum studies, academic capitalism and academic freedom. Wayne E Ross, Professor in the Faculty of Education at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. "Students in Revolt: The Pedagogical Potential of Student Collective Action in the Age of the Corporate University" https://www.academia.edu/25072291/Students'in'Revolt'The'Pedagogical'Potential'of'Student'Collective'Action'in'the'Age'of'the'Corporate'University SA-IB |
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+The last decade has been marked … experiment counter hegemonic practices. |
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+ |
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+====4 – the AFF creates protest against the established order – zones shut down impromptu protest and only allowed sanctioned protest. Only the AFF creates protest that can enact actual change. Mitchell 03: ==== |
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+Don, Distinguished Professor of Geography at Syracuse’s Maxwell School, specializes in Cultural, political economy of landscape, social theory, labor, geographies of power and marginalization, and Marxism. "The Liberalization of Free Speech: Or, How Protest in Public Space is Silenced" Stanford Agora. Vol. 4. 2003. agora.stanford.edu/agora/volume4/articles/mitchell/mitchell.pdf SA-IB |
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+Case 3: Zoning Protest The third case study … really means the "established order"). |
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+ |
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+===Underview=== |
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+ |
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+====Adopt a stance of methodological pluralism involving indicts to my method – this is key to evaluate phenomena from different perspectives and gain the most out of education. Bleiker 14: ==== |
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+Roland, professor of international relations at the university of Queensland. "International Theory Between Reification and Self-Reflective Critique" International Studies Review, Volume 16, Issue 2. June 17, 2014. |
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+This book is part of an increasing trend of scholarly works … assemblage thinking and complexity theory—links that could have been explored in more detail. |
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+ |
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+====Prior questions will never be fully settled—-must take action even under conditions of uncertainty. Cochran 99:==== |
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+Molly Cochran 99, Assistant Professor of International Affairs at Georgia Institute for Technology, "Normative Theory in International Relations", 1999, pg. 272 |
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+To conclude this chapter, while modernist and postmodernist … as pragmatic critique can be a useful ally to feminist and normative theorists generally. |