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+===Fwk=== |
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+====I value morality since ought implies a moral obligation==== |
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+====We morally exclude people based on arbitrarily perceived differences—structural violence is rooted in this exclusion==== |
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+**Winter**, Deborah Du Nann, **and **Dana C. **Leighton**. "STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE." Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Peace Psychology for the 21st Century. (19**99**):. Print. ~~Don't worry I re-cut it~~ |
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+Finally, to recognize the operation of structural violence forces us to ask questions about |
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+AND |
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+thinking can be fostered by relationships, communication, and appreciation of diversity. |
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+ |
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+====Thus the standard is reducing structural violence==== |
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+====This means the Aff framing is a pre-requisite to any other moral framework—"out-groups" will never be noticed and included in our moral discussions, so we need to eliminate structural barriers first to ensure a seat for all==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Even if my opponent wins that education is important, without challenging the structural barriers that prevent minorities from engaging in education means that we must prioritize solving structural violence ==== |
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+ |
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+==== Challenging institutional racism comes first—it makes violence inevitable which turns their util first args ==== |
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+Albert **Memmi 2k**, Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ U of Paris, Naiteire, Racism, Translated by Steve Martinot, p. 163-165 |
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+The struggle against racism will be long, difficult, without intermission, without remission |
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+AND |
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+. True, it is a wager, but the stakes are irresistible. |
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+ |
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+===Contention 1 is hate speech=== |
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+ |
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+====Hate speech is protected under the first amendment==== |
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+**McGough 15**, Michael. "Sorry, Kids, the 1st Amendment Does Protect 'hate Speech'." Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 30 Oct. 2015. Web. 08 Jan. 2017. http://www.latimes.com/opinion/opinion-la/la-ol-colleges-hate-speech-1st-amendment-20151030-story.html. SM |
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+As Eugene Volokh of UCLA law school pointed out on his blog in the Washington |
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+AND |
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+, their words are protected by the Constitution — whatever college students think. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Hate speech has long term silencing effects—that's terminal defense on the aff. Even if people aren't silenced they're more likely to agree with the dominant voice to avoid ==== |
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+**West 12**, Caroline. "Words that silence? Freedom of expression and racist hate speech." Speech and Harm: controversies over free speech (2012): 222-48. |
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+In addition to its immediate disabling effects, racist hate speech may have indirect and |
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+AND |
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+, the opinions that they voice will be ones that contest established opinions. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====And this disproportionately harms minorities—it justifies their exclusion from discussions which perpetuates dominant ideologies ==== |
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+**West 12**, Caroline. "Words that silence? Freedom of expression and racist hate speech." Speech and Harm: controversies over free speech (2012): 222-48. |
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+In these and other ways, racist hate speech may cause those it targets to |
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+AND |
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+who are silenced are likely to bear a disproportionate share of the loss. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Hate speech leads to drop outs==== |
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+**Wilkerson 88**, Isabel. "Campus Blacks Feel Racism's Nuances." The New York Times. The New York Times, 16 Apr. 1988. Web. 11 Jan. 2017. http://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/17/us/campus-blacks-feel-racism-s-nuances.html?pagewanted=all. SM |
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+Recent incidents of harassment and violence at the University of Michigan and other campuses have |
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+AND |
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+, keep my fingers crossed and hope somebody else black comes in.'' |
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+ |
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+ |
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+===Contention 2 is endowments=== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Promoting free speech would mean rejecting endowments from partisan donors.==== |
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+**Kurtz 15** (Stanley Kurtz, senior fellow at the Ethics and Public Policy Center and a former adjunct fellow with Hudson Institute,"A Plan to Restore Free Speech on Campus," The National Review, December 7, 2015 JC) |
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+Colleges and universities ought to adopt policies on institutional political neutrality based on the University |
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+AND |
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+Harvey Silverglate in its guide to academic freedom. Trustees should take note. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Endowments are key to recruiting more low-income students which creates more material equalities on campus.==== |
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+**Freedman 13** (Josh Freedman, policy analyst in the Economic Growth Program at the New America Foundation, "Why American Colleges Are Becoming a Force for Inequality," The Atlantic, May 16, 2013, JC) |
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+This is not a sustainable model. Colleges will not be able to raise sticker |
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+AND |
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+to cover its costs while remaining competitive in its levels of spending. |