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1 +Pearson caused stagnation
2 +Walker 15 Christopher J. Walker, Assistant Professor of Law, Michael E. Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Aaron L. Nielson, Associate Professor of Law, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, “The New Qualified Immunity,” Southern California Law Review, Vol. 89, pp. 1-65, Oct. 19, 2015
3 +On the other ... in Part I.
4 +I contend that the Supreme Court of the United States ought to limit qualified immunity for police officers by forcing lower courts to give reason for exercising constitutional discretion, effectively overturning the precedent set in Pearson v. Callahan.
5 +Walker 2 Christopher J. Walker, Assistant Professor of Law, Michael E. Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Aaron L. Nielson, Associate Professor of Law, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, “The New Qualified Immunity,” Southern California Law Review, Vol. 89, pp. 1-65, Oct. 19, 2015
6 +Whereas the core ... not doing so.”
7 +Better rulings
8 +Walker 3 Christopher J. Walker, Assistant Professor of Law, Michael E. Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Aaron L. Nielson, Associate Professor of Law, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, “The New Qualified Immunity,” Southern California Law Review, Vol. 89, pp. 1-65, Oct. 19, 2015
9 +The reasons for ... be somewhat mitigated.
10 +It's a catch 22
11 +Walker 4 Christopher J. Walker, Assistant Professor of Law, Michael E. Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Aaron L. Nielson, Associate Professor of Law, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, “The New Qualified Immunity,” Southern California Law Review, Vol. 89, pp. 1-65, Oct. 19, 2015
12 +Qualified immunity, however, ... dubbed “constitutional stagnation.”
13 +Qualified immunity shifts the debate away from constitutional law
14 +Hassel 99 Diana Hassel - Associate Professor, Roger Williams University School of Law. B.A. 1979, Mount Holyoke College; J.D. 1985, Rutgers, the State University of New JerseyNewark. “Living a Lie: The Cost of Qualified Immunity.” Missouri Law Review. Winter 1999
15 +Qualified immunity has ... to change it.'27
16 +This checks back oppression
17 +Somin 16 Ilya Somin, The Supreme Court Is a Check on Big Government, Protection for Minorities, 2016
18 +The Supreme Court ... of such outrages.
19 +Debate should surround material consequences~-~- ideal theories ignore the nature of the world and legitimize the oppression therein
20 +Curry 14 Dr. Tommy J. Curry 14, “The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century”, Victory Briefs, 2014
21 +Mills, however, describes ... tendencies and politics.
22 +Thus, the role of the ballot is to endorse the best methodology to resist structural violence through a post-fiat policy option.
23 +Trifonas 03 PETER PERICLES TRIFONAS. PEDAGOGIES OF DIFFERENCE: RETHINKING EDUCATION FOR SOCIAL CHANGE/ RoutledgeFalmer. New York, London. 2003. Questia
24 +Thus, paying attention ... teachers and students.
25 +Particularity is best
26 +Pappas 16 Pappas, Gregory Fernando. Texas AandM University “The Pragmatists’ Approach to Injustice.” The Pluralist, Volume 11, Number 1, Spring 2016. HSLA
27 +The pragmatists’ approach ... not otherwise appreciate.
28 +Critique divorced from policy action is useless
29 +Giroux 12 Henry A. Giroux, Global TV Network Chair Professorship in the Department of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 2012 (“Why Don't Americans Care About Democracy at Home?,” truthout, October 2nd, Accessed 11-16-2012)
30 +As the crucial ... critical and transformative.
31 +Using the state in our discussion of material issues is a good heuristic
32 +Zanotti 14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013
33 +By questioning substantialist ... and pessimistic activism.
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1 +The role of the judge is to endorse the best tangible policy that fights oppression.
2 +Curry 14, Tommy, The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century, Victory Briefs, 2014,
3 +Despite the pronouncement ... contemporary moral parameters.
4 +
5 +The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater whose advocacy best breaks down militarism.
6 +Militarism smothers education and ethical thought
7 +Giroux 05, Henry, Held positions at Boston University, Miami University, and Penn State, The Curse of Totalitarianism and The Challenge of Critical Pedagogy, 2005, http://philosophersforchange.org/2015/10/13/the-curse-of-totalitarianism-and-the-challenge-of-critical-pedagogy
8 +The forces of ... human dwelling place”?7
9 + Militarism epistemologically corrupts political thought
10 +Pieterse 07, Jan, professor of sociology at the University of Illinois, Review of International Political Economy, Vol. 14, No. 3, Aug, Political and Economic Brinkmanship, ,” p. 473-4
11 +Brinkmanship and producing ... for postwar planning
12 +Militarism will lead us into a death spiral. It’s try or die
13 +CACC 11, Admin, Rejecting Militarism, 2011, Canadians for Emergency action on Climate Change, http://climatesoscanada.org/blog/2011/02/15/rejecting-militarism/,
14 +Militarism, through wars ... and climate change.
15 +The “reasonable” standard creates large-scale unaccountable state violence.
16 +Chemerinky 14, Erwin, Dean of the School of Law at the University of California, Irvine; he is a prominent scholar in US constitutional law and federal civil procedure, How the Supreme Court Protects Bad Cops, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/27/opinion/how-the-supreme-court-protects-bad-cops.html?_r=0
17 +Because it is ... Court changes course?
18 +The reasonableness standard of Qualified Immunity is nearly impossible to overcome in the status quo because it doubles up with the Fourth Amendment reasonableness standard.
19 +Hassel 09, Diana, EXCESSIVE REASONABLENESS, Professor, Roger Williams University School of Law, 2009, https://mckinneylaw.iu.edu/ilr/pdf/vol43p117.pdf
20 +Meanwhile, the Court ... into one inquiry.
21 +The lack of accountability spills over to create a politics of disposability.
22 +Giroux 16, Henry, The Racist Killing Machine in the Age of Anti-Politics, 2016, http://www.counterpunch.org/2016/07/08/the-racist-killing-machine-in-the-age-of-anti-politics/
23 +The killing machine ... entertainment, and policy.
24 +Resolved: The United States Supreme Court ought to reverse the Harlow V. Fitzgerald ruling, establishing an objective reasonableness standard for qualified immunity for police officers that only applies when there has been a change in the law, not merely a new application of an established doctrine. All decisions in conflict with this ruling are declared null and void.
25 +The plan stops the absolute defense of qualified immunity.
26 +Hassel 2, Diana, EXCESSIVE REASONABLENESS, Professor, Roger Williams University School of Law, 2009, https://mckinneylaw.iu.edu/ilr/pdf/vol43p117.pdf
27 +The Court’s development ... the victim possible.
28 +Even if insurers absorb the cost, insurance companies will hold the police accountable themselves.
29 +Rappaport 16, John, Assistant professor at the University of Chicago Law School, Cops can ignore Black Lives Matter protesters. They can’t ignore their insurers, 2016, . https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/cops-can-ignore-black-lives-matter-protesters-they- cant-ignore-their-insurers/2016/05/04/c823334a-01cb-11e6-9d36-33d198ea26c5_story.html
30 +The arrangement creates ... leverage over them.
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1 +Dispositionality is the only way to make unbiased ethical decisions~-~- everything else is corrupted by standpoint
2 +Freeman writes Freeman, Samuel. "Original Position." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/original-position/#ArgForDifPri
3 +The remedy for ... for moral persons
4 +This means risk aversion~-~- nobody wants to gamble their livelihoods away
5 +Freeman 2
6 +Freeman writes Freeman, Samuel. "Original Position." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/original-position/#ArgForDifPri
7 +It is often ... principle of utility.
8 +Thus the standard is accordance with dispositional moral judgments~-~- taking the action people would if they didn't know who they were advocating for.
9 +I defend the resolution and I can specify in CX.
10 +Qualified immunity destroys accountability for police officers-limitations are key.
11 +Bernick 15 Evan Bernick, https://fee.org/articles/to-hold-police-accountable-dont-give-them-immunity/
12 +The sad fact ... can take place.
13 +Link to impacts is massive
14 +Wong 15 Kathleen Wong, 2015, 10 Police Brutality Statistics that are Absolutely Shocking, https://mic.com/articles/129981/10-police-brutality-statistics-that-are-absolutely-shocking#.779kZJJJC
15 +The Guardian's The ... with a crime.
16 +This permits unequal racism
17 +Hadden et al 16 (Bernadette R. Hadden, MSW, PHD, is Assistant professor in the MSW program at Hunter College School of Social Work New York. Willie Tolliver, PhD. Associate Professor at Silberman School of Social Work. Fabienne Snowden PHD. Professor at Hunter College School of Social Work. and Robyn Brown Manning, PHD. Professor at Hunter College School of Social "An authentic discourse: Recentering race and racism as factors that contribute to police violence against unarmed Black or African American men, Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment" http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10911359.2015.1129252#abstract)
18 +Police shootings of ... of this phenomenon
19 +Qualified immunity also prohibits contestation, but people would prioritize their ability to appeal if they didn't know whether the justice system would be skewed against them.
20 +Senkel 99 Tara. Attorney in New York. Civilians Often Need Protection From the Police: Let's Handcuff Police Brutality 15 N.Y.L. Sch. J. Hum. Rts. 385 (1998-1999)
21 +While victims of ... afforded this defense.
22 +This spills over to large-scale reforms
23 +Bernick 15 Evan Bernick, https://fee.org/articles/to-hold-police-accountable-dont-give-them-immunity/
24 +As ambitious as ... legislators to respond.
25 +Limiting qualified immunity permits recourse, which is a prerequisite to other reforms.
26 +Wright 15 (Journalist and PHD in Law. "Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity." http://abovethelaw.com/2015/11/want-to-fight-police-misconduct-reform-qualified-immunity/)
27 +In order to ... make it happen.
28 +The aff is Goldilocks~-~- it balances competing interests
29 +U.S.D.J 03 ("Principles of Good Policing: Avoiding Violence Between Police and Citizens" Community Relations Service https://www.justice.gov/archive/crs/pubs/principlesofgoodpolicingfinal092003.pdf)
30 +The best way ... poor and oppressed
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1 +2016-12-09 21:28:19.0
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1 +Harris, Michael
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1 +In today’s culture of violence, “patriotic correctness” runs rampant as militarism makes people disposable and creates everyday violence from police shootings to drone strikes—the antagonism that stems from division is symptomatic of a mindset that glorifies war.
2 +Giroux 16 Henry Giroux, Gun Culture and the American Nightmare of Violence, 2016, http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/34349-gun-culture-and-the-american-nightmare-of-violence
3 +Gun violence in ... an honored place.
4 +AND higher education is the focal point— the role of the ballot is to vote for the advocacy that best takes back the university from militarism.
5 +Giroux 13 Henry Giroux, Public Intellectuals Against the Neoliberal University, 2013, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/19654-public-intellectuals-against-the-neoliberal-university
6 +Increasingly, as universities ... world around them.
7 +Ideal theory ignores particularities, making ethics inaccessible and epistemically skewed
8 +Mills 05 Charles Mills, “Ideal Theory” as Ideology, 2006
9 +The crucial common ... male-dominated philosophical literature.
10 +I contend that public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict constitutionally protected speech that criticizes military action or policy.
11 +Wilson 10 John K. Wilson, Ph.D candidate with dissertation on the history of academic freedom in America and author of three books, early excerpt from Patriotic Correctness: Academic Freedom and Its Enemies which was later published in 2010
12 +In the wake ... what you say.”31
13 +Patriotic correctness silences criticism of the military—multiple empirical examples and surveys prove
14 +Wilson 2 John K. Wilson, Ph.D candidate with dissertation on the history of academic freedom in America and author of three books, early excerpt from Patriotic Correctness: Academic Freedom and Its Enemies which was later published in 2010
15 +But the danger ... supreme after 9/11.
16 +Censorship prevents higher education from using its unique position to create a cultural shift away from militarism by teaching students to resist
17 +Giroux 07 Henry Giroux, interviewed by Scott Jaschik, 'The University in Chains', (Interview), 2007
18 +How do you ... a viable democracy.
19 +Right-wing militarism is contingent on controlled and censored academia
20 +Chatterjee and Maira 14 Piya Chatterjee, Backstrand Chair and Professor of Feminist, Gender and Sexuality Studies at Scripps College, Sunaina Maira, Professor of Asian American Studies at UC Davis, “The Imperial University: Academic Repression and Scholarly Dissent,” University of Minnesota Press, 2014
21 +State warfare and ... create new theologies.
22 +Even if the militarism framing is wrong, critical thought creates responsible citizens willing to adopt alternative modes of thought
23 +Evans and Giroux 16 Brad Evans and Henry Giroux, The Violence of Forgetting, 2016, http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/20/opinion/the-violence-of-forgetting.html
24 +Considering Hannah Arendt’s ... and worldly one.
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1 +2017-01-14 20:33:22.0
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1 +Harvard Westlake
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1 +All ethical theories must derive from practical reason.
2 +Velleman David “Self To Self” Cambridge University Press. 2006. Pg 18-19
3 +As we have ... act for reasons.
4 +The structure of the human mind necessitates practical reason.
5 +Korsgaard Christine M. Korsgaard (Professor of Philosophy at Harvard) “The Sources of Normativity” The Tanner Lectures on Human Values pp. 79-80 November 16th and 17th 1992
6 +But the human ... to an end?
7 +So what brings reflection to an end?
8 +Practical reason requires that maxims be universalizable.
9 +Velleman 2 David “Self To Self” Cambridge University Press. 2006. Pg 18-19
10 +Rational creatures have ... judgment of all.
11 +Universalizability means we must limit coercion
12 +Engstrom Stephen Engstrom (Professor of Ethics at UPitt). “Universal Legislation As the Form of Practical Knowledge.” http://www.philosophie.uni-hd.de/md/philsem/engstrom_vortrag.pdf
13 +Given the preceding ... and others’ freedom.
14 +Thus the standard is respecting a system of equal freedom. Prefer:
15 +1. Freedom is a precondition for moral culpability
16 +Furrow writes Dwight Furrow, “Moral Agency.” Ethics. 2005. pp. 20-21
17 +This is because ... constraints on ourselves.
18 +2. Mutual recognition of agency is a prior question to willing anything.
19 +Wood writes, Allen, "Fichte's Philosophy of Right and Ethics," forthcoming in Günter Zöller (ed). The Cambridge Companion to Fichte. New York: Cambridge University Press.
20 +To understand another ... treat them accordingly.
21 +3. Freedom is the constitutive feature of agency
22 +Freedom is what differentiates people from objects—that means infringing on freedom is large-scale objectification and justifies violence.
23 +Christman and Anderson John Philip Christman and Joel Anderson, "Autonomy and the Challenges of Liberalism," Cambridge University Press, http://philpapers.org/rec/CHRAAT, 2005
24 +Since liberalism is ... of political authority.
25 +Words don't constitute a violation of freedom
26 +Varden writes Helga Varden, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, “A Kantian Conception of Free Speech,” The Philosophical Foundations of Law and Justice, April 2009
27 +Internal freedom requires ... view of right.
28 +Targeted hate speech is not constitutionally protected
29 +Ruane Kathleen Ann Ruane (Legislative Attorney), “Freedom of Speech and Press: Exceptions to the First Amendment,” Congressional Research Service, September 8, 2014
30 +So-called “fighting ... business or occupation.”
31 +Censoring speech gives it the power to harm
32 +Butler writes: “Excitable Speech: A Politics of Performativity” by Judith Butler 1997
33 +Language remains alive ... a living thing.”
34 +Bans don’t stop bigotry but increase violence, empirically proven
35 +Malik 12 Kenan Malik, I am a writer, lecturer and broadcaster. My latest book is The Quest for a Moral Compass: A Global History of Ethics, “why hate speech should not be banned”, April 12, 2012, https://kenanmalik.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/why-hate-speech-should-not-be-banned/
36 +And in practice ... speech and action.
37 +Resisting harmful speech requires using it in satire or reclaiming, which censorship would prevent
38 +Butler 97: “Excitable Speech: A Politics of Performativity” by Judith Butler 1997
39 +“Neither view can ... precisely a context.” (Pg. 13-14)
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1 +2017-02-04 16:17:34.0
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1 +The role of the ballot is to evaluate the simulated consequences of the affirmative policy against a competing policy option to reduce material oppression.
2 +1. The aff deploys a heuristic to use scenario planning, which is pedagogically valuable even if politics and colleges are bad—it enhances creativity, deconstructs biases, and teaches advocacy skills
3 +Barma et al 16 – (May 2016, Advance Publication Online on 11/6/15, Naazneen Barma, PhD in Political Science from UC-Berkeley, Assistant Professor of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School, Brent Durbin, PhD in Political Science from UC-Berkeley, Professor of Government at Smith College, Eric Lorber, JD from UPenn and PhD in Political Science from Duke, Gibson, Dunn and Crutcher, Rachel Whitlark, PhD in Political Science from GWU, Post-Doctoral Research Fellow with the Project on Managing the Atom and International Security Program within the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard, “‘Imagine a World in Which’: Using Scenarios in Political Science,” International Studies Perspectives 17 (2), pp. 1-19)
4 +What Are Scenarios ... in international affairs.
5 +2. Ideal theory ignores particularities, making ethics inaccessible and epistemically skewed
6 +Mills 05 Charles Mills, “Ideal Theory” as Ideology, 2006
7 +The crucial common ... male-dominated philosophical literature.
8 +3. Prefer systemic impacts over linear ones- key to real-world policy analysis, accurate evidence and the reputation of debate.
9 +Cohn 13 Nate Cohn (Georgetown). Improving the Norms and Practices of Policy Debate. «November 24, 2013, 02:10:58 PM» http://www.cedadebate.org/forum/index.php/topic,5416.msg12020.html#msg12020
10 +The fact that ... noise of prediction.
11 +I will defend Resolved: Public colleges and universities ought not restrict constitutionally protected speech that criticizes the State of Israel.
12 +Volokh 16 Eugene Volokh, teaches free speech law, religious freedom law, church-state relations law, a First Amendment Amicus Brief Clinic, and tort law, at UCLA School of Law, where he has also often taught copyright law, criminal law, and a seminar on firearms regulation, “University of California Board of Regents is wrong about ‘anti-Zionism’ on campus,” The Washington Post, March 16, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2016/03/16/university-of-california-board-of-regents-is-wrong-about-anti-zionism-on-campus/?utm_term=.cfab0cd93ad6
13 +The University of ... indeed be discussed.
14 +Defining anti-Zionism as anti-Semitic chills on-campus discourse that attempts to criticize Israeli policies or support Palestine
15 +Emmons 16 Alex Emmons, Senate Responds to Trump-Inspired Anti-Semitism By Targeting Students Who Criticize Israel, The Intercept, December 2 2016
16 +A draft of ... students on campus.
17 +Advantage 1: Islamophobia
18 +A. Suppressing pro-Palestine movements denies Palestinian students the ability to form solidarity and emboldens future censorship
19 +Nadeau and Sears 11 Mary-Jo Nadeau and Alan Sears, Mary-Jo Nadeau teaches at the Department of Sociology, University of Toronto-Mississauga. Alan Sears teaches at the Department of Sociology, Ryerson University, Toronto. “This Is What Complicity Looks Like: Palestine and the Silencing Campaign on Campus,” The Bullet, March 5, 2011, http://www.socialistproject.ca/bullet/475.php
20 +The silencing campaign ... of the universities.
21 +B. Conflating anti-Semitism and anti-Zionism encourages radical groups to demean and marginalize Muslim-American students
22 +Solomon 16 Daniel J. Solomon, “Inflammatory Pro-Israel Posters Pop Up on Campus — Are They Islamophobic?,” Forward, October 26, 2016,
23 +A row over ... “settler colonialist” movement.
24 +Islamophobia empirically leads to hate crimes and violence
25 +Foran 16 Clare Foran, Donald Trump and the Rise of Anti-Muslim Violence, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/09/trump-muslims-islamophobia-hate-crime/500840/
26 +A new report ... initial terror attacks.
27 +Advantage 2: Civic Engagement
28 +Public universities cut funding from student organizations even tangentially related to pro-Palestine divestment strategies—empirically proven on UC campuses, where dissociation with Palestine is a prerequisite to funding
29 +Friedman 15 Nora Barrows-Friedman, staff writer and associate editor at The Electronic Intifada, “UCLA student groups face funding cuts over Israel divestment,” The Electronic Intifada, Dec 7, 2015
30 +The Graduate Students ... 30 student organizations.
31 +2 IMPACTS—
32 +A. Open discourse about BDS is uniquely good—it builds coalitions across racial groups and spills over to other reform movements. Also takes out the anti-Semitism disad—Israeli student groups are invested—no pun intended—in open debate to solve real anti-Semitism at the source
33 +Hallward and Shaver 12 Maia Carter Hallward and Patrick Shaver, Associate Professor of Middle East Politics at American university, “‘‘WAR by other Means’’ or Nonviolent Resistance? Examining the Discourses Surrounding Berkeley’s Divestment Bill,” Peace and Change: A Journal of Peace Research, July 2012
34 +Finally, proponents and ... California BDS initiatives.
35 +B. Israeli companies suppress Palestinians for profit so every dollar BDS gains translates into increased welfare in Palestine
36 +Press 16 Eyal Press, author of “Beautiful Souls: The Courage and Conscience of Ordinary People in Extraordinary Times, “When ‘Made in Israel’ Is a Human Rights Abuse,” New York Times, January 26, 2016,
37 +From a biblical ... future trade negotiations.
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1 +Stanford
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1 +Chang, Li-Ren
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1 +Harris, Michael
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Caselist.RoundClass[11]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +11
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2017-01-14 20:33:20.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Riano, Connor
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Brentwood RY
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Harvard Westlake
Caselist.RoundClass[12]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +12
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2017-02-04 16:17:32.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Thomson, Miranda
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +CLE WJ
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +1
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Wolfpack
Caselist.RoundClass[13]
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +2017-02-19 15:16:40.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Steele, Olson, Fee
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Peninsula JL
Round
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Triples
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +Stanford

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