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+I value government obligations. |
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+Internalism fails. |
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+Katsafanas Katsafanas, Paul. “Deriving Ethics from Action: A Nietzchean Version of Constitutivism.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, LLC. Boston University: 2011 |
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+Internalism provides a ... us as implausible. |
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+AND surprise! Externalism fails too. |
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+Katsafanas 2 Katsafanas, Paul. “Deriving Ethics from Action: A Nietzchean Version of Constitutivism.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, LLC. Boston University: 2011 |
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+While externalism captures ... direction of internalism. |
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+Constitutivism solves |
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+Katsafanas 3 Katsafanas, Paul. “Deriving Ethics from Action: A Nietzchean Version of Constitutivism.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, LLC. Boston University: 2011 |
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+Enter a third ... from non-optional aims. |
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+Existence of an institution presupposes rules |
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+Searle 64 Searle, John (Professor of Philosophy at UC Berkeley). “How to Derive an ‘Ought’ From an ‘Is’.” The Philosophical Review Vol. 73, No. 1, January 1964 |
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+Though both kinds ... on the rules. |
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+Normative obligations are indexed to constitutive rules |
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+Nardin Terry Nardin 2. 1992 3. ”. Review of International Studies 4. International Ethics and International Law 5. 1/30/2016 6. 7. Professor of Political Science at the University of Singapore |
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+The first thing ... be set aside. |
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+The Constitution is the constitutive rule of the government |
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+Constitution 1787 William Jackson (Secretary), signed by John Dickinson, Gouverneur Morris, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Thomas Paine, Edmund Randolph, James Madison, Roger Sherman, James Wilson, and George Wythe (Founding Fathers). Constitution. 1787 |
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+This Constitution, and ... ratifying the Same. |
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+The meaning of law is contained in its subsequent interpretation, so constitutional deliberation is a procedural constraint on government action. |
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+Carroll “Nullification as Law” JENNY E. CARROLL* Associate Professor of Law, Seton Hall University School of Law. 2014, Jenny E. Carroll. |
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+The legal process ... sources of interpretation. |
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+Thus the standard is maintaining procedural frameworks for constitutional deliberation. |
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+I assert that the Supreme Court of the United States ought to limit qualified immunity for police officers by forcing lower courts to give reason for exercising constitutional discretion, effectively overturning the precedent set in Pearson v. Callahan. |
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+Walker 15 Christopher J. Walker, Assistant Professor of Law, Michael E. Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Aaron L. Nielson, Associate Professor of Law, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, “The New Qualified Immunity,” Southern California Law Review, Vol. 89, pp. 1-65, Oct. 19, 2015 |
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+Whereas the core ... not doing so.” |
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+Pearson v. Callahan established lower court discretion, which creates stagnation and confusion |
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+Walker 2 Christopher J. Walker, Assistant Professor of Law, Michael E. Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Aaron L. Nielson, Associate Professor of Law, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, “The New Qualified Immunity,” Southern California Law Review, Vol. 89, pp. 1-65, Oct. 19, 2015 |
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+Stagnation is empirically proven |
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+Walker 3 Christopher J. Walker, Assistant Professor of Law, Michael E. Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Aaron L. Nielson, Associate Professor of Law, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, “The New Qualified Immunity,” Southern California Law Review, Vol. 89, pp. 1-65, Oct. 19, 2015 |
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+On the other ... in Part I. |
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+Qualified immunity shifts the debate away from constitutional law |
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+Hassel 99 Diana Hassel - Associate Professor, Roger Williams University School of Law. B.A. 1979, Mount Holyoke College; J.D. 1985, Rutgers, the State University of New JerseyNewark. “Living a Lie: The Cost of Qualified Immunity.” Missouri Law Review. Winter 1999 |
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+Qualified immunity has ... to change it. |
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+Judicial review checks back oppression |
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+Somin 16 Ilya Somin, The Supreme Court Is a Check on Big Government, Protection for Minorities, New York Times, 2016 |
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+The Supreme Court gets ... of such outrages. |