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+Every policy embodies a set of values – the role of the ballot is to vote for a policy option that engages in a productive reorientation of the values underlying our politics. |
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+Espinoza ‘03 |
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+Tejeda, Carlos, Manuel Espinoza, and Kris Gutierrez. "Toward a decolonizing pedagogy: Social justice reconsidered." Pedagogies of difference: Rethinking education for social change (2003): 9-38. |
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+Critical pedagogy has...ends of schooling. |
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+ |
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+And understanding and working within institutions is key, even if we have a skeptical stance. Educational spaces are uniquely key – judge has an obligation to endorse political education to prevent ceding power. |
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+Giroux 6 (Henry, sociologist) “The abandoned generation: The urban debate league and the politics of possibility” from America on the Edge |
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+The decline of...potential of education. |
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+Policy education and practices like fiat are key to social change: state institutions aren’t ignorable, and simply pointing out problems isn’t enough. Themba-Nixon 2k |
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+Reform is possible—things have gotten at least a little better. Omi and Winant 13 |
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+Michael Omi (Sociologist at UC Berkeley, focusing on antiracism scholarship and Asian American studies) and Howard Winant (Professor of Sociology affiliated with the Black Studies and Chicana/o Studies departments of UC Santa Barbara), Resistance is futile?: a response to Feagin and Elias, Ethnic and Racial Studies Volume 36, Issue 6, p. 961-973, Special Issue: Symposium - Rethinking Racial Formation Theory. 2013. |
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+In Feagin and...is not futile. |
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+C1 is Agonistic Culture |
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+The principle of free speech in academic spaces affirms each person’s right to make their own decisions instead of being told what to believe by governmental or corporate interests. Butler 13 |
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+Judith Butler 13, 2-7-2013, professor in the Rhetoric and Comparative Literature department at UC Berkeley. She is the author of several books on feminist theory, continental philosophy and contemporary politics, "Judith Butler’s Remarks to Brooklyn College on BDS," Nation, https://www.thenation.com/article/judith-butlers-remarks-brooklyn-college-bds/ |
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+The principle of...not the goal. |
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+Pedagogical spaces are the critical internal link – agonistic public spaces can only be maintained by creating a culture that educates agents to affirm it. Giroux 13 |
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+Henry A. Giroux 13, 12-17-2013, "Henry A. Giroux," Truthout, http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/20669-radical-democracy-against-cultures-of-violence |
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+Radical democracy is...future is open. |
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+Two impacts – |
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+A. Controls the internal link to all critical approaches – to turn their theory into praxis requires agonism: only accepting the contestability of every principle allows us to challenge hegemonic frames of knowledge. Mouffe 10 |
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+Chantal Mouffe 10, political theorist, 7-25-2010, "Chantal Mouffe: Agonistic Democracy and Radical Politics," Pavilion #15, http://pavilionmagazine.org/chantal-mouffe-agonistic-democracy-and-radical-politics/ |
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+B. Enables the inclusion of the marginalized – their claims will always seem unreasonable. Schaap 6 |
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+Andrew Schaap 6, Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics, University of Melbourne 3-2006, "Agonism in divided societies," Philosophy and Social Criticism, http://psc.sagepub.com/content/32/2/255.short?rss=1andssource=mfc |
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+Because it presupposes...a ‘neutralising principle’. |
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+C2 is Censorship |
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+Censorship is a bad political strategy – |
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+First, backlash – the attempt to close political space is always imperfect and engenders resistance – censoring speech doesn’t change minds but redirects them – that threatens institutions and leaves supporters less prepared to defend their gains. Resistance to abortion proves. Honig 93 |
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+Bonnie Honig 93, Nancy Duke Lewis Professor in the departments of Modern Culture and Media (MCM) and Political Science at Brown, 4-15-1993, "Political Theory And The Displacement Of Politics," Cornell University Press. |
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+The perpetuity of...theory of politics |
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+The terminal impact is right-wing revanchism, militarism and global disaster. |
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+Rorty, Richard, Stanford Philosophy Professor, Achieving Our Country, pp. 87-94) |
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+ |
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+If the formation... a resourceful spook." |
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+Second, speech codes are clear policy failures – they don’t decrease bigotry, but they’re used against those they’re seeing to help. Friedersdorf 15 |
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+Conor Friedersdorf 15, 12-10-2015, "The Lessons of Bygone Free-Speech Fights," Atlantic, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/12/what-student-activists-can-learn-from-bygone-free-speech-fights/419178/ |
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+He was writing...behalf of blacks.” |
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+Third, retargeting – people with the ideologies you want to censor are still out there and use the censorship apparatus against you. Cammaerts 9 |
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+Bart Cammaerts 9, London School of Economics and Political Science, England, 11-2009, "Radical pluralism and free speech in online public spaces," International Journal of Cultural Studies, http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/27895/1/Radical_pluralism_and_free_speech_in_online_public_spaces_(LSERO).pdf |
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+UC proves – government interests aggressively pushed anti-BDS speech codes. They become political pawns and give more influence to the people already in charge. Friedersdorf 16 |
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+Conor Friedersdorf 16 (a staff writer at The Atlantic, where he focuses on politics and national affairs; the founding editor of The Best of Journalism) “The Glaring Evidence That Free Speech Is Threatened on Campus” The Atlantic, March 4, 2016. http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/03/the-glaring-evidence-that-free-speech-is-threatened-on-campus/471825/ |
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+ |
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+Fourth, To silence problematic speech is to both legitimate it and aid in its dissemination—links turns arguments about problematic speech Rosenbloom 11 |
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+Oliver Rosenbloom 11 (Summer Intern @ FIRE), "Can a College that Protects Free Speech be ‘Gay-Friendly’?", Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, 07/26/2011, https://www.thefire.org/can-a-college-that-protects-free-speech-be-gay-friendly/ |
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+Underview |
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+Limiting free speech prevents criticism of institutions – universities will crack down on student press and critical opinions. |
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+Sanders ‘06 (Chris Sanders, "CENSORSHIP 101: ANTI-HAZELWOOD LAWS AND THE PRESERVATION OF FREE SPEECH AT COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES", 11/30/2006 , Alabama Law Review) |
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+Post-Hazelwood censorship...editors in a difficult position |