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-Part 1 is Framework |
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-All cards are bracketed for ableist, sexist, or otherwise offensive language |
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-The role of the ballot is to vote for the policy option that best combats gender violence. Fighting gender-based oppression requires concrete actions – only positive solutions are acceptable. Nicholson 89 |
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-Nicholson, Carol. "Postmodernism, feminism, and education: The need for solidarity." Educational Theory 39.3 (1989): 197-205. |
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-Most feminists are |
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-AND |
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- and our civilization |
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-Evaluate probability first |
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-And standpoint epistemology is the best starting point for moral decisions – other methods exclude some viewpoints, which makes true analysis of reality impossible. Mills 5 |
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-Charles Mills, “Ideal Theory” as Ideology, 2005. |
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-The crucial common |
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-AND |
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-male-dominated philosophical literature. |
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-Our method must start with specific injustices: this doesn't mean abandoning systematic critique but acknowledging its epistemic limits - you should be skeptical of the explanatory power of broad metanarratives and their ability to solve in specific instances. Pappas ’16 Gregory Fernando Pappas 16 Professor @ Texas AandM, works within the American Pragmatist and Latin American traditions in ethics and social-political philosophy “The Pragmatists’ Approach to Injustice”, The Pluralist Volume 11, Number 1, Spring 2016 |
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-Making problematic situations |
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-AND |
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-by concrete situation.24 |
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-The aff’s focus on concrete discussion should come before discursive strategies. |
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-Part 2 is Harms |
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-Police officer’s negligence due to lack of accountability perpetuates the existence of IPV. Gray 11 Lela Gray, J.D. Candidate, Albany Law School, 2011; B.A., University of South Florida, 2007. “Municipal Accountability in Domestic Violence: A Promising New Case,” http://www.albanygovernmentlawreview.org/Articles/Vol04_1/4.1.362-Gray.pdf |
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-In this paper |
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- cure this problem. |
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-The qualified immunity doctrine allows police to claim laws are not clearly established as a way to justify lack of action in cases of IPV. Harper |
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-Laura S. Harper, Battered Women Suing Police for Failure to Intervene: Viable Legal Avenues After Deshaney v. Winnibago County Department of Social Services , 75 Cornell L. Rev. 1392 (1990) |
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-Should a battered |
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-their constitutional rights. |
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-Plan Text: Resolved: The United States Federal Government ought to prohibit qualified immunity for police officers in IPV cases. Lichtman |
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-Litchman, Kathryn E. "Punishing the protectors: The Illinois domestic violence act remedy for victims of domestic violence against police misconduct." Loy. U. Chi. LJ 38 (2006): 765. |
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-Traditionally, municipal entities |
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-AND |
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-other states provide.27 |
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-Part 3 is Solvency |
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-First Accountability~-~- |
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-A lack of accountability for police officers empowers perpetrators and prevents the enforcement of IPV laws. Exceptions don’t solve. The aff is a stance that places the state on the side of IPV survivors. Gray 2 |
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-However, both the |
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-on a page. |
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-Lawsuits are uniquely key to revealing the truth behind constitutional rights violations. |
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-Schwartz 11 Schwartz, Joanna C. is a Professor of Law at UCLA School of Law. She teaches Civil Procedure, the Civil Rights Litigation Clinic, and a variety of courses on police accountability and public interest lawyering. In 2015, she received UCLA’s Distinguished Teaching Award. She is a graduate of Brown University and Yale Law School "What Police Learn from Lawsuits." Cardozo L. Rev. 33 (2011): 841. http://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/default/files/event/265497/media/slspublic/What_Police_Learn_From_Lawsuits.pdf NN |
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-The most “glaring |
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- revealed in litigation. |
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-Higher aggregate of lawsuits means departments can identify trends – Key to effective policy |
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-Schwartz 2 Schwartz, Joanna C. is a Professor of Law at UCLA School of Law. She teaches Civil Procedure, the Civil Rights Litigation Clinic, and a variety of courses on police accountability and public interest lawyering. In 2015, she received UCLA’s Distinguished Teaching Award. She is a graduate of Brown University and Yale Law School "What Police Learn from Lawsuits." Cardozo L. Rev. 33 (2011): 841. http://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/default/files/event/265497/media/slspublic/What_Police_Learn_From_Lawsuits.pdf NN |
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-By reviewing lawsuits |
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-disappeared as a problem.”71 |
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-Civil lawsuits put pressure on police departments for personnel changes—cops are deterred by threat of losing their job |
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-Rosario 16 |
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-Ruben Rosario. When Cops kill, civil lawsuits are often a way justice is served. Twin Cities pioneer press. From smoking crack in a Harlem drug den for a front-page exposé to covering the deaths of 86 people in a Bronx social club fire, Rubén Rosario spent 11 years as a writer for the New York Daily News before joining the Pioneer Press in 1991 as special correspondent and city editor. He launched his award-winning column in 1997. He is by far the loudest writer in the newsroom over the phone. July 16, 2016. http://www.twincities.com/2016/07/16/rosario-when-cops-kill-civil-lawsuits-often-are-way-justice-is-served/. |
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-“Civil suits can |
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-cease to exist. |
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-Second dignity~-~-The legal system is key to provide protection for survivors of IPV. Bishop |
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-Bishop, Gary M. "Section 1983 and Domestic Violence: A Solution to the Problem of Police Officers' Inaction." BCL Rev. 30 (1988): 1357. |
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-Violence against women |
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-AND |
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-the passive officer. |
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-And, IPV prevents any sort of larger social movement – control over a person’s identity fractures the potential for collective resistance. O’Doherty 15 |
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-O’Doherty, Lorna Jane Ph.D. in Applied Psychology, Coventry University, et al. "Fractured Identity in the Context of Intimate Partner Violence Barriers to and Opportunities for Seeking Help in Health Settings." Violence against women (2015). |
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-IPV produces fear |
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-pathways to safety. |