Changes for page Scarsdale Ewing Aff

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1 -Hi!
2 -
3 -Please email me at zoeewing99@gmail.com or message me on facebook (name: Zew Topia) for any cites of broken positions that aren't on here and with any questions you may have.
4 -
5 -Also, see the wikis of the other Scarsdale debaters (especially Gillian Zipursky) for more positions I may read.
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1 +The role of the judge is to vote for the debater who provides the strategy most conducive to the process of becoming an ethical subject.
2 +The self only forms in relation to the Other and the norms that govern our recognition of one another.
3 +Butler 1 Butler, Judith. “Giving an Account of Oneself.” Verso Press, Berkley University. 2003.
4 +In all the…of its use.
5 +Dependence on the Other means self-understanding is always interrupted and must be reformed through the narratives we give ourselves—other ethical theories erase this fundamental incompleteness of the subject.
6 +Butler 2 Butler, Judith. “Giving an Account of Oneself.” Verso Press, Berkley University. 2003.
7 +In a sense…it is true. 
8 +Analytic
9 +We become responsible when we suspend judgments for the other and instead work toward self-knowledge.
10 +Butler 3 Butler, Judith. “Giving an Account of Oneself.” Verso Press, Berkley University. 2003.
11 +So, according to…responsibility first emerges. 
12 +Since value is grounded in social norms, certain lives are recognized as grievable and thus valuable. However, other lives are cast aside by social structures and rendered ungrievable.
13 +Butler 4 Butler, Judith. “Frames of War.” Verso Press, Berkley University. 2009.
14 +Conditions have to…its material effects.
15 +Thus the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who provides the best method to recognize the grievability of life.
16 +Additionally prefer because:
17 +1) Agency is intersubjective—analytics
18 +2) Side constraint—only way to account for each agent’s moral significance.
19 +Butler 5 Judith Butler. Frames of War. Verso Press: New York, 2009.
20 +The epistemological capacity…recognized as lives.
21 +Analytics
22 +I affirm that countries ought to ban the production of nuclear power. I place a demand on the state to recognize lives that are currently deemed ungrievable as worthy of recognition.
23 +First, government officials in charge of nuclear power have structurally ignored the precarity of disenfranchised populations. Gamson
24 +Gamson, William A. Talking Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1992. Print
25 +The most prominent … utterances as well.
26 +Analytic
27 +Second, cultural stigma erases the violence imposed on individuals exposed to radiation. Cousins et al.
28 +Cousins, Elicia, et al. "Nuclear Power and Environmental Justice." Carleton College, Environmental Studies Comprehensive Project Northfield, MN, USA
29 +https://apps.carleton.edu/curricular/ents/assets/Cousins_Karban_Li_Zapanta.pdf
30 +Another form of …explained after Chernobyl,
31 +Third, nuclear power is dehumanizing. Johansen
32 +A GLOBAL HUMANIST CRITIQUE OF NATIONAL POLICIES FOR ARMS CONTROL Author(s): Robert C. Johansen Source: Journal of International Affairs , Vol. 31, No. 2, The Future World Order (FALL/WINTER 1977), pp. 215-241 Published by: Journal of International Affairs Editorial Board Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/24367746
33 +Disarmament is also … arms control policies?
34 +Analytic
35 +Underview~-~-analytic
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1 +AC
2 +Part 1 is Framework
3 +All cards are bracketed for ableist, sexist, or otherwise offensive language
4 +The role of the ballot is to vote for the policy option that best combats gender violence. Fighting gender-based oppression requires concrete actions – only positive solutions are acceptable. Nicholson 89
5 +
6 +Nicholson, Carol. "Postmodernism, feminism, and education: The need for solidarity." Educational Theory 39.3 (1989): 197-205.
7 +
8 +Most feminists are
9 +AND
10 + and our civilization
11 +
12 +Evaluate probability first
13 +And standpoint epistemology is the best starting point for moral decisions – other methods exclude some viewpoints, which makes true analysis of reality impossible. Mills 5
14 +Charles Mills, “Ideal Theory” as Ideology, 2005.
15 +The crucial common
16 +AND
17 +male-dominated philosophical literature.
18 +
19 +Our method must start with specific injustices: this doesn't mean abandoning systematic critique but acknowledging its epistemic limits - you should be skeptical of the explanatory power of broad metanarratives and their ability to solve in specific instances. Pappas ’16 Gregory Fernando Pappas 16 Professor @ Texas AandM, works within the American Pragmatist and Latin American traditions in ethics and social-political philosophy “The Pragmatists’ Approach to Injustice”, The Pluralist Volume 11, Number 1, Spring 2016
20 +Making problematic situations
21 +AND
22 +by concrete situation.24
23 +The aff’s focus on concrete discussion should come before discursive strategies.
24 +Part 2 is Harms
25 +Police officer’s negligence due to lack of accountability perpetuates the existence of IPV. Gray 11 Lela Gray, J.D. Candidate, Albany Law School, 2011; B.A., University of South Florida, 2007. “Municipal Accountability in Domestic Violence: A Promising New Case,” http://www.albanygovernmentlawreview.org/Articles/Vol04_1/4.1.362-Gray.pdf
26 +In this paper
27 +AND
28 + cure this problem.
29 +The qualified immunity doctrine allows police to claim laws are not clearly established as a way to justify lack of action in cases of IPV. Harper
30 +Laura S. Harper, Battered Women Suing Police for Failure to Intervene: Viable Legal Avenues After Deshaney v. Winnibago County Department of Social Services , 75 Cornell L. Rev. 1392 (1990)
31 +Should a battered
32 +AND
33 +their constitutional rights.
34 +Plan Text: Resolved: The United States Federal Government ought to prohibit qualified immunity for police officers in IPV cases. Lichtman
35 +Litchman, Kathryn E. "Punishing the protectors: The Illinois domestic violence act remedy for victims of domestic violence against police misconduct." Loy. U. Chi. LJ 38 (2006): 765.
36 +Traditionally, municipal entities
37 +AND
38 +other states provide.27
39 +
40 +
41 +Part 3 is Solvency
42 +
43 +First Accountability~-~-
44 +A lack of accountability for police officers empowers perpetrators and prevents the enforcement of IPV laws. Exceptions don’t solve. The aff is a stance that places the state on the side of IPV survivors. Gray 2
45 +However, both the
46 +AND
47 +on a page.
48 +Lawsuits are uniquely key to revealing the truth behind constitutional rights violations.
49 +Schwartz 11 Schwartz, Joanna C. is a Professor of Law at UCLA School of Law. She teaches Civil Procedure, the Civil Rights Litigation Clinic, and a variety of courses on police accountability and public interest lawyering. In 2015, she received UCLA’s Distinguished Teaching Award. She is a graduate of Brown University and Yale Law School "What Police Learn from Lawsuits." Cardozo L. Rev. 33 (2011): 841. http://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/default/files/event/265497/media/slspublic/What_Police_Learn_From_Lawsuits.pdf NN
50 +The most “glaring
51 +AND
52 + revealed in litigation.
53 +
54 +Higher aggregate of lawsuits means departments can identify trends – Key to effective policy
55 +Schwartz 2 Schwartz, Joanna C. is a Professor of Law at UCLA School of Law. She teaches Civil Procedure, the Civil Rights Litigation Clinic, and a variety of courses on police accountability and public interest lawyering. In 2015, she received UCLA’s Distinguished Teaching Award. She is a graduate of Brown University and Yale Law School "What Police Learn from Lawsuits." Cardozo L. Rev. 33 (2011): 841. http://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/default/files/event/265497/media/slspublic/What_Police_Learn_From_Lawsuits.pdf NN
56 +By reviewing lawsuits
57 +AND
58 +disappeared as a problem.”71
59 +Civil lawsuits put pressure on police departments for personnel changes—cops are deterred by threat of losing their job
60 +Rosario 16
61 +Ruben Rosario. When Cops kill, civil lawsuits are often a way justice is served. Twin Cities pioneer press. From smoking crack in a Harlem drug den for a front-page exposé to covering the deaths of 86 people in a Bronx social club fire, Rubén Rosario spent 11 years as a writer for the New York Daily News before joining the Pioneer Press in 1991 as special correspondent and city editor. He launched his award-winning column in 1997. He is by far the loudest writer in the newsroom over the phone. July 16, 2016. http://www.twincities.com/2016/07/16/rosario-when-cops-kill-civil-lawsuits-often-are-way-justice-is-served/.
62 +“Civil suits can
63 +AND
64 +cease to exist.
65 +
66 +Second dignity~-~-The legal system is key to provide protection for survivors of IPV. Bishop
67 +Bishop, Gary M. "Section 1983 and Domestic Violence: A Solution to the Problem of Police Officers' Inaction." BCL Rev. 30 (1988): 1357.
68 +Violence against women
69 +AND
70 +the passive officer.
71 +And, IPV prevents any sort of larger social movement – control over a person’s identity fractures the potential for collective resistance. O’Doherty 15
72 +O’Doherty, Lorna Jane Ph.D. in Applied Psychology, Coventry University, et al. "Fractured Identity in the Context of Intimate Partner Violence Barriers to and Opportunities for Seeking Help in Health Settings." Violence against women (2015).
73 +
74 +IPV produces fear
75 +AND
76 +pathways to safety.
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1 +The role of the judge is to vote for the debater who provides the strategy most conducive to the process of becoming an ethical subject.
2 +The self only forms in relation to the Other and the norms that govern our recognition of one another.
3 +Butler 1 Butler, Judith. “Giving an Account of Oneself.” Verso Press, Berkley University. 2003.
4 +In all the…of its use.
5 +Dependence on the Other means self-understanding is always interrupted and must be reformed through the narratives we give ourselves—other ethical theories erase this fundamental incompleteness of the subject.
6 +Butler 2 Butler, Judith. “Giving an Account of Oneself.” Verso Press, Berkley University. 2003.
7 +In a sense…it is true. 
8 +Analytic
9 +We become responsible when we suspend judgments for the other and instead work toward self-knowledge.
10 +Butler 3 Butler, Judith. “Giving an Account of Oneself.” Verso Press, Berkley University. 2003.
11 +So, according to…responsibility first emerges. 
12 +Since value is grounded in social norms, certain lives are recognized as grievable and thus valuable. However, other lives are cast aside by social structures and rendered ungrievable.
13 +Butler 4 Butler, Judith. “Frames of War.” Verso Press, Berkley University. 2009.
14 +Conditions have to…its material effects.
15 +Thus the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who provides the best method to recognize the grievability of life.
16 +Additionally prefer because:
17 +1) Agency is intersubjective—analytics
18 +2) Side constraint—only way to account for each agent’s moral significance.
19 +Butler 5 Judith Butler. Frames of War. Verso Press: New York, 2009.
20 +The epistemological capacity…recognized as lives.
21 +Analytics
22 +
23 +I’ll defend that the United States will limit qualified immunity for police officers. I will accept neg preferences on specificity and implementation as long as they don’t require me to abandon the general statement. If I lose the T debate, just reevaluate my offense under their interpretation to promote topical education and deter frivolous theory.
24 +
25 +First, individuals have a right to redress and be proactively recognized by the state independent of whether we ought to hold the police officers accountable. Darwall 11
26 +Darwall, Stephen, and Julian Darwall. "Civil Recourse as Mutual Accountability." Fla. St. UL Rev. 39 (2011): 17.
27 +Goldberg and Zipursky
28 +AND
29 +performing certain acts.
30 +Analytic
31 +Second, the importance of a federal ruling lies in generating a national debate about current police practices – this mobilizes the public into identifying further reforms that helps more populations than the aff itself
32 +Charney et al. ’10 September 29, 2010. Darius Charney was the lead counsel of Floyd v. City of New York. Jesus Gonzalez is a a Community Organizer with Make the Road New York. David Kennedy is a professor specializing in crime prevention, developed the Operation Ceasefire group violence intervention in Boston, MA and the High Point Model drug market intervention in High Point, NC. Noel Leader is a former member of the NYPD and founder of 100 Blacks In Law Enforcement Who Care. Robert Perry is legislative director and is principal lobbyist of the New York Civil Liberties Union. “SUSPECT FITS DESCRIPTION: RESPONSES TO RACIAL PROFILING IN NEW YORK CITY” Panel Discussion. 14 N.Y. City L. Rev. 57. Lexis.\\IS
33 +ROBERT PERRY: Let me suggest
34 +AND
35 +be my response.
36 +Analytic
37 +
38 +
39 +Analytic
40 +Underview~-~-analytic
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1 +Framework
2 +Ethical deduction fails and political questions are undecidable – individuals instead construct systems of meaning and value from their own perspective.
3 +Parrish, Rick. "Derrida's economy of violence in Hobbes' social contract." Theory and Event 7.4 (2005).
4 +The point, as … any ethical system.
5 +But, the resolution is a question of politics – the ultimate end of politics is enabling individuals to live together in a society. This contradiction dooms theories of deliberative democracy but doesn’t destroy the possibility of democratic politics altogether: the solution is agonism.
6 +Chantal Mouffe 10 *bracketed for gendered language*, political theorist, 7-25-2010, "Chantal Mouffe: Agonistic Democracy and Radical Politics," Pavilion #15, http://pavilionmagazine.org/chantal-mouffe-agonistic-democracy-and-radical-politics/
7 +One of the …between real alternatives.
8 +Thus, the standard is consistency with agonistic democracy.
9 +Prefer the standard:
10 +1. Violence is necessary and inevitable – ethical theories must organize rather than inhibit it, since otherwise we could conceptualize nothing at all, doing even greater violence.
11 +Hagglund, Martin. 2006. “The Necessity of Discrimination: Disjoining Derrida and Levinas.” diacritics 34 (1): 40–71.
12 +The utopian dream … himself be guided.
13 +analytic
14 +2. Agonism is the best mode of inclusion and outweighs exclusionary attitudes within the agon. This is also true of switch-side debate too – this model resists fundamentalism and helps change people’s minds.
15 +Harrigan 8 (Casey, Associate Director of Debate at UGA, Master’s in Communications – Wake Forest U., “A Defense of Switch Side Debate”, Master’s thesis at Wake Forest, Department of Communication, May, pp.43-45
16 +The relevance of … in contemporary society.
17 +analytics
18 +
19 +analytic
20 +Contention
21 +1. The struggle for radical democracy must center pedagogy – the democratic sphere is maintained by creating a culture of agents that affirm it.
22 +Henry A. Giroux 13, 12-17-2013, "Henry A. Giroux," Truthout, http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/20669-radical-democracy-against-cultures-of-violence
23 +Radical democracy is …future is open.
24 +Discourse in academic spaces is agonistic – it doesn’t aim at agreement. The principle of academic freedom enables individuals to make their own decisions and makes the university consistent with democratic culture.
25 +Judith Butler 13, 2-7-2013, professor in the Rhetoric and Comparative Literature department at UC Berkeley. She is the author of several books on feminist theory, continental philosophy and contemporary politics, "Judith Butler’s Remarks to Brooklyn College on BDS," Nation, https://www.thenation.com/article/judith-butlers-remarks-brooklyn-college-bds/
26 +The principle of … not the goal.
27 +2. Censorship imperils the conditions of public discourse – it turns speech into a weapon.
28 +Judith Butler 13, 2-7-2013, professor in the Rhetoric and Comparative Literature department at UC Berkeley. She is the author of several books on feminist theory, continental philosophy and contemporary politics, "Judith Butler’s Remarks to Brooklyn College on BDS," Nation, https://www.thenation.com/article/judith-butlers-remarks-brooklyn-college-bds/
29 +And yet all …disagreement, even disarray?
30 +3. The attempt to close political space is always imperfect and engenders resistance – censoring speech doesn’t change minds but redirects them – that threatens institutions and leaves supporters less prepared to defend their gains. Resistance to abortion proves.
31 +Bonnie Honig 93, Nancy Duke Lewis Professor in the departments of Modern Culture and Media (MCM) and Political Science at Brown, 4-15-1993, "Political Theory And The Displacement Of Politics," Cornell University Press.
32 +The perpetuity of … theory of politics
33 +Analytics
34 +The framework requires proactive political actions to solve: sitting back and doing nothing only allows for greater violence. Hagglund Martin. 2006. “The Necessity of Discrimination: Disjoining Derrida and Levinas.” diacritics 34 (1): 40–71.:
35 +Deconstruction cannot teach …… peace is desirable.
36 +analytics
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1 +Framework
2 +Bracketed for clarity and gendered language
3 +Practical reason is the only way to generate moral obligations –
4 +analytics
5 +The standard is respecting freedom. Prefer:
6 +1. Performativity Ostrowski on Hoppe Stroud, Scott R. "Kant on Education and the Rhetorical Force of the Example." Rhetoric Society Quarterly 41.5 (2011): 416-438.
7 +James, , A SYMPOSIUM ON DRUG DECRIMINALIZATION: THE MORAL AND PRACTICAL CASE FOR DRUG LEGALIZATION. SPRING, 1990 18 Hofstra L. Rev. 607
8 +"Argumentation is a conflict…confirmed in round.
9 +2. The framework is a prerequisite to all ends based theories: It creates a cohesive whole instead of fragmented steps and explains why the agent is engaged in the subsidiary actions. Callard Agnes Callard. “Aristotle on the Unity of Action” (2010).
10 +If this is … nonbasic intentional action.’
11 +analytic
12 +3. Kantianism is specifically key in pedagogical spaces. Stroud
13 +
14 +In this way, … Kant’s rhetorical scheme.
15 +Analytic
16 +I defend the maxim that public colleges and universities in the US ought not restrict any constitutionally protected free speech. I will accept neg preferences on specificity and implementation as long as they don’t require me to abandon my maxim. If I lose the T debate, just reevaluate my offense under their interpretation to promote topical education and deter frivolous theory.
17 +
18 +Contention
19 +1. Freedom of speech is a necessary freedom: governments cannot put any restrictions on it no matter what the content of the speech is. Lambert 16 (Saber, writer @ being libertarian, “The Degradation of Free Speech and Personal Liberty,” April 9, 2016, https://beinglibertarian.com/the-degradation-of-free-speech-and-personal-liberty///LADI)
20 +Many individuals in ….matter how miniscule.
21 +2. A lack of complete freedom of speech means that the minority will lose the liberty of having their voice heard: the majority will always dominate over them. Cartwright 3 (Will, “Mill on Freedom of Discussion,” Richmond Journal of Philosophy 5 (Autumn 2003), http://www.richmond-philosophy.net/rjp/back_issues/rjp5_cartwright.pdf//LADI)
22 +Though freedom of … the other two.
23 +analytic
24 +3. Speech and language is not intrinsically violent: the only possible issues with it come with its implementation, which means that it is not harmful in itself. Anderson 6 — Amanda Anderson, Caroline Donovan Professor of English Literature and Department Chair at Johns Hopkins University, Senior Fellow at the School of Criticism and Theory at Cornell University, holds a Ph.D. in English from Cornell University, 2006 (“Reply to My Critic(s),” Criticism, Volume 48, Number 2, Spring, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Project MUSE, p. 285-287)
25 +Let's first examine … further elaboration here.
26 +Analytics
27 +Underview
28 +1. The role of the ballot is to determine whether the resolutional statement is true or false.
29 +A. Once we are within the debate, we must only follow the constitutive rules of debate, which are time constraints and truth and falsity, even when they interfere with ultimate purpose. Nardin Terry Nardin, “International Ethics and International Law”. Review of International Studies, Vol. 18, No. 1 (Jan., 1992), pp. 19-30, published by Cambridge University Press . JStor, Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20097279 . RP 2/6/13
30 +Practical association displays … these good results.
31 +B. It’s the most fair role of the ballot because it’s the most predictable
32 +analytics
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1 +Ought is defined as consistency with legal norms. Kelsen (Hans Kelsen, “On the Pure Theory of Law,” Israel Law Review, January 1966)
2 +That it is a  …  or superhuman will.
3 +Ought as a moral obligation does this because our inability to judge actions without tainting our evaluations with personal experiences makes it impossible to derive objective conclusions. Nietzsche
4 +Human, All Too Human.  Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche. Translated by R. J Hollingdale.  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996
5 +The falsity of…  anything else whatever.  (Aphorism #32)
6 +The open question argument disproves any moral obligations. Pidgen
7 +Pigden, Charles. “Russell’s Moral Philosophy.” SEP. 2007
8 +For any naturalistic … not mean ‘X’.
9 +Learning about the law spills over into other forms of education. Virgo (Graham Virgo, Why Study Law at University if I don't want to become a lawyer, University of Cambridge, Faculty of Law)                                                                                                                                
10 + One of the real benefits … ‘Law is reason free from
11 +                                                  
12 +Learning about the intricacies of the law and how it works is key to social change. Themba-Nixon 2k
13 +(Makani, Executive Director of The Praxis Project, a nonprofit organization helping communities use media and policy advocacy to advance health equity and justice. “Changing the Rules: What Public Policy Means for Organizing” Colorlines 3.2)
14 +Getting It in Writing … to making it so.         
15 +                                       
16 +Moral norms are not identifiable outside of the context from which they arise. Only law can unify these disagreements on an international scale.
17 +Jurgen Habermas, Law and Morality, THE TANNER LECTURES ON HUMAN VALUES, October 1, 1986. SM
18 +It is characteristic… n and assessment of principles
19 +Court and legal consensus affirm. FIRE
20 +FIRE. "State of the Law: Speech Codes." FIRE. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2017. https://www.thefire.org/in-court/state-of-the-law-speech-codes/
21 +That the First … of state universities.”
22 +It’s constitutive and defines what laws are okay in the first place. The State Department
23 +"The Constitution of the United States of America." Almanac of Policy Issues. June 2004. Web.
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1 +Tournament: Newark RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: Ridge JH | Judge: Panel
2 +Every policy embodies a set of values – the role of the ballot is to vote for a policy option that engages in a productive reorientation of the values underlying our politics.
3 +Espinoza ‘03
4 +Tejeda, Carlos, Manuel Espinoza, and Kris Gutierrez. "Toward a decolonizing pedagogy: Social justice reconsidered." Pedagogies of difference: Rethinking education for social change (2003): 9-38.
5 +Critical pedagogy has...ends of schooling.
6 +And understanding and working within institutions is key, even if we have a skeptical stance. Educational spaces are uniquely key – judge has an obligation to endorse political education to prevent ceding power.
7 +Giroux 6 (Henry, sociologist) “The abandoned generation: The urban debate league and the politics of possibility” from America on the Edge
8 +The decline of...potential of education.
9 +Policy education and practices like fiat are key to social change: state institutions aren’t ignorable, and simply pointing out problems isn’t enough. Themba-Nixon 2k
10 +Reform is possible—things have gotten at least a little better. Omi and Winant 13
11 +Michael Omi (Sociologist at UC Berkeley, focusing on antiracism scholarship and Asian American studies) and Howard Winant (Professor of Sociology affiliated with the Black Studies and Chicana/o Studies departments of UC Santa Barbara), Resistance is futile?: a response to Feagin and Elias, Ethnic and Racial Studies Volume 36, Issue 6, p. 961-973, Special Issue: Symposium - Rethinking Racial Formation Theory. 2013.
12 +In Feagin and...is not futile.
13 +C1 is Agonistic Culture
14 +The principle of free speech in academic spaces affirms each person’s right to make their own decisions instead of being told what to believe by governmental or corporate interests. Butler 13
15 +Judith Butler 13, 2-7-2013, professor in the Rhetoric and Comparative Literature department at UC Berkeley. She is the author of several books on feminist theory, continental philosophy and contemporary politics, "Judith Butler’s Remarks to Brooklyn College on BDS," Nation, https://www.thenation.com/article/judith-butlers-remarks-brooklyn-college-bds/
16 +The principle of...not the goal.
17 +Pedagogical spaces are the critical internal link – agonistic public spaces can only be maintained by creating a culture that educates agents to affirm it. Giroux 13
18 +Henry A. Giroux 13, 12-17-2013, "Henry A. Giroux," Truthout, http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/20669-radical-democracy-against-cultures-of-violence
19 +Radical democracy is...future is open.
20 +Two impacts –
21 +A. Controls the internal link to all critical approaches – to turn their theory into praxis requires agonism: only accepting the contestability of every principle allows us to challenge hegemonic frames of knowledge. Mouffe 10
22 +Chantal Mouffe 10, political theorist, 7-25-2010, "Chantal Mouffe: Agonistic Democracy and Radical Politics," Pavilion #15, http://pavilionmagazine.org/chantal-mouffe-agonistic-democracy-and-radical-politics/
23 +B. Enables the inclusion of the marginalized – their claims will always seem unreasonable. Schaap 6
24 +Andrew Schaap 6, Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics, University of Melbourne 3-2006, "Agonism in divided societies," Philosophy and Social Criticism, http://psc.sagepub.com/content/32/2/255.short?rss=1andssource=mfc
25 +Because it presupposes...a ‘neutralising principle’.
26 +C2 is Censorship
27 +Censorship is a bad political strategy –
28 +First, backlash – the attempt to close political space is always imperfect and engenders resistance – censoring speech doesn’t change minds but redirects them – that threatens institutions and leaves supporters less prepared to defend their gains. Resistance to abortion proves. Honig 93
29 +Bonnie Honig 93, Nancy Duke Lewis Professor in the departments of Modern Culture and Media (MCM) and Political Science at Brown, 4-15-1993, "Political Theory And The Displacement Of Politics," Cornell University Press.
30 +The perpetuity of...theory of politics
31 +The terminal impact is right-wing revanchism, militarism and global disaster.
32 +Rorty, Richard, Stanford Philosophy Professor, Achieving Our Country, pp. 87-94)
33 +If the formation... a resourceful spook."
34 +Second, speech codes are clear policy failures – they don’t decrease bigotry, but they’re used against those they’re seeing to help. Friedersdorf 15
35 +Conor Friedersdorf 15, 12-10-2015, "The Lessons of Bygone Free-Speech Fights," Atlantic, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/12/what-student-activists-can-learn-from-bygone-free-speech-fights/419178/
36 +He was writing...behalf of blacks.” 
37 +Third, retargeting – people with the ideologies you want to censor are still out there and use the censorship apparatus against you. Cammaerts 9
38 +Bart Cammaerts 9, London School of Economics and Political Science, England, 11-2009, "Radical pluralism and free speech in online public spaces," International Journal of Cultural Studies, http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/27895/1/Radical_pluralism_and_free_speech_in_online_public_spaces_(LSERO).pdf
39 +UC proves – government interests aggressively pushed anti-BDS speech codes. They become political pawns and give more influence to the people already in charge. Friedersdorf 16
40 +Conor Friedersdorf 16 (a staff writer at The Atlantic, where he focuses on politics and national affairs; the founding editor of The Best of Journalism) “The Glaring Evidence That Free Speech Is Threatened on Campus” The Atlantic, March 4, 2016. http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/03/the-glaring-evidence-that-free-speech-is-threatened-on-campus/471825/
41 +Fourth, To silence problematic speech is to both legitimate it and aid in its dissemination—links turns arguments about problematic speech Rosenbloom 11
42 +Oliver Rosenbloom 11 (Summer Intern @ FIRE), "Can a College that Protects Free Speech be ‘Gay-Friendly’?", Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, 07/26/2011, https://www.thefire.org/can-a-college-that-protects-free-speech-be-gay-friendly/
43 +Underview
44 +Limiting free speech prevents criticism of institutions – universities will crack down on student press and critical opinions.
45 +Sanders ‘06 (Chris Sanders, "CENSORSHIP 101: ANTI-HAZELWOOD LAWS AND THE PRESERVATION OF FREE SPEECH AT COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES", 11/30/2006 , Alabama Law Review)
46 +Post-Hazelwood censorship...editors in a difficult position
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1 +Walt Whitman XR
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1 +JanFeb Stock AC
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1 +Lexington
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1 +Hi!
2 +
3 +Please email me at zoeewing99@gmail.com or message me on facebook for any other cites or questions.
4 +
5 +Also, see the wikis of the other Scarsdale debaters (especially Gillian Zipursky) for more positions I may read.
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1 +0 Note and Contact Info
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1 +2016-12-03 21:18:05.0
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1 +Yvonne Robbins
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1 +Montville RU
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1 +Princeton
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1 +2016-12-04 17:41:02.0
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1 +Harrison CS
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1 +8
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1 +2016-12-17 20:42:25.0
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1 +Jason Smith
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1 +Hopkins JB
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1 +2016-12-18 18:16:13.0
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1 +La Canada AZ
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1 +11
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1 +2017-01-17 03:13:19.0
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1 +Danny Li
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1 +Walt Whitman MH
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1 +2017-01-17 03:13:41.0
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1 +Lexington
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1 +13
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1 +2017-01-17 03:14:33.0
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1 +All

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