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+====First, martyrdom is necessary for any social movement. In order for the 1AC's message to be heard to challenge oppression, that individual must prove their allegiance to the cause by making great sacrifices. DeSoucey 08 ==== |
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+Michaela DeSoucey, Northwestern University, "Memory and Sacrifice: An Embodied Theory of Martyrdom," Sage Journals, 2008 |
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+Martyrs are polysemous symbols available to reputational entrepreneurs in varied,and often contested, |
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+AND |
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+draw in proclaiming and propagating the martyr's (and their own) beliefs. |
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+====Second, the recognition of sacrifices takes place in a very specific period of time and in a very particular context. DeSoucey 2:==== |
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+Ultimately, the role of the martyr is fundamentally social in that |
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+AND |
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+institutional and reputational patterns present within cultural systems. |
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+====Voting affirmative destroys the legitimacy of the affirmative project; the only way to fully endorse embracing suffering is for the affirmative to sacrifice the ballot. Lewis==== |
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+Jonathan F. Lewis, "Revolutionaries and 'Death for the Cause'" Encyclopedia of Death and Dying, http://www.deathreference.com/Py-Se/Revolutionaries-and-Death-for-the-Cause.html, No Date, at least 1999 |
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+Social movements enter a new phase with the appearance of precipitating incidents. A string |
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+AND |
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+example, have created this sort of assault-and-retaliation sequence. |