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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,96 @@ 1 +===AC=== 2 + 3 + 4 +====The standard is promotion of Mill's liberty.==== 5 + 6 + 7 +====Liberty is a pre-requisite and public actors have an obligation to respect it.==== 8 +Mill: 9 +John Stuart Mill, "On Liberty," 1859 10 +Each will receive its proper share, if each has that which more particularly concerns 11 +AND 12 +, legal and social, to do the action and stand the consequences. 13 + 14 + 15 +====The risk of being wrong in violating liberty for a greater good far outweighs any potential negative consequences. Mill 2:==== 16 +It would be a great misunderstanding of this doctrine to suppose AND a sentiment the opposite of admiration will follow. 17 + 18 + 19 +====Deciding what is right for other people is a bad idea because you're probably wrong yourself meaning we must respect liberty. Mill 3:==== 20 +But the strongest of all the arguments against the interference of the public with AND self-regarding concerns of individuals the public has no business to interfere. 21 +Additionally prefer: 22 + 23 + 24 +====1. Liberty is a constitutive feature of morality. Ethical systems that do not maintain liberty as their starting point fail because they make impossible the concept of moral culpability. ==== 25 +Uleman 10 ~~(Jennifer, Associate Professor of Philosophy at Purchase College) "An Introduction to Kant's Moral Philosophy", Cambridge University Press, 1/21/2010~~ 26 +We can summarize these thoughts by noticing how they fit with Kant's helpful AND as Kant understands it. Together, they make Kantian sense of the possibility of a free will. 27 + 28 +====2. All humans are entitled to their own conception of the good life. Respect for the equality of persons commits us to a system of negative rights wherein it is impossible to impose one's will coercively upon another. ==== 29 +Fried 05 –gender modified ~~(Charles, Beneficial Professor of Law @ Harvard University) "The Nature and Importance of Liberty", Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, 2005~~ 30 +I would say that what is important about us, what makes us moral AND has not chosen voluntarily to enlist in that campaign. 31 + 32 + 33 +====3. Argumentation ethics necessarily leads to the rights of self-ownership and property acquisition. Kinsella==== 34 +Stephan Kinsella, Friday, May 27, 2011, Argumentation Ethics and Liberty: A Concise Guide 35 +In essence, Hoppe's view is that argumentation, or discourse, is by its 36 +AND 37 +goods must be assumed to exist. (TSC, p. 161) 38 + 39 + 40 +====4. Liberty provides the necessary framework for action and exercise of reason, making it a starting point for ethics and a prerequisite to answering other ethical questions. Boaz:==== 41 +David Boaz (Executive vice president, Cato Institute). "Libertarianism: A Primer." Simon and Schuster. pp 61-62. 1997. 42 +Any theory of rights has to begin somewhere. Most libertarian philosophers would begin the 43 +AND 44 +simple declaration: Natural rights are self-evident. 45 + 46 +====First, removing restrictions prevents prohibiting speech which is an essential liberty, no matter how miniscule the restrictions are. ==== 47 +Lambert 16 (Saber, writer @ being libertarian, "The Degradation of Free Speech and Personal Liberty," April 9, 2016, https://beinglibertarian.com/the-degradation-of-free-speech-and-personal-liberty 48 +Many individuals in society claim that they live in a free nation full of individual 49 +AND 50 +is often paralleled to a form of dictatorship – no matter how miniscule. 51 + 52 + 53 +====Second, Arguments aren't harmful in-and-of themselves. The burden of rejoinder is necessary for dialogue to occur, and there's always a risk something offensive could be said, which proves that dialogue and limits on speech are zero sum. ==== 54 +Anderson 06 — Amanda Anderson, Caroline Donovan Professor of English Literature and Department Chair at Johns Hopkins University, Senior Fellow at the School of Criticism and Theory at Cornell University, holds a Ph.D. in English from Cornell University, 2006 ("Reply to My Critic(s)," Criticism, Volume 48, Number 2, Spring, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Project MUSE, p. 289) 55 +Probyn's piece is a mixture of affective fallacy, argument by authority, and bald 56 +AND 57 +of ideas, that your claim to injury somehow damns your opponent's ideas. 58 + 59 + 60 +====Third, a restriction on free speech imposes a view of the good that might well be wrong. Mill 4:==== 61 +John Stuart Mill, "On Liberty," 1859 62 +First: the opinion which it is attempted to suppress by authority may possibly be 63 +AND 64 +it is that many, once general, are rejected by the present. 65 + 66 + 67 +===Underview:=== 68 + 69 + 70 +====Freedom of speech is necessary for the pursuit of moral truth.==== 71 +D.V. Mill 16: 72 +David Van Mill, Professor Political Science and International Relations, University of Western Australia, "Freedom of Speech," Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/freedom-speech/~~#JohStuMilHarPri, July 12, 2016 73 +Given that Mill presented one of the first, and still perhaps the most famous 74 +AND 75 +to show that harm can be caused and that rights can be violated. 76 + 77 + 78 +====Under any framework, the potential for fallibility means we need freedom of speech. Mill 5:==== 79 +John Stuart Mill, "On Liberty," 1859 80 +In the present age—which has been described as "destitute of faith, 81 +AND 82 +towards those who dissent from them, or from their received interpretation.3 83 + 84 + 85 +====Freedom of expression is fundamental to the goals of universities. Fleischer 93:==== 86 +Stephen Fleischer, ~~JD, University of Iowa~~ "Campus Speech Codes: The Threat to Liberal Education," John Marshall Law Review, 1993. 87 +Freedom of expression facilitates the university's mission: to advance knowledge and encourage a search 88 +AND 89 +of tongues, ~~rather~~ than through any kind of authoritative selection." 90 + 91 + 92 +====Frameworks that put an emphasis on criticism liberation or emancipation from violence are self defeating Hägglund 08'==== 93 +Martin Hägglund: Radical Atheism: Derrida and the Time of Life, Stanford: Stanford University Press, Meridian: Crossing Aesthetics, 2008. 94 +Emancipatory politics does not aspire to a telos of absolute liberation, but must always 95 +AND 96 +violence (since it may be negated by the coming of other futures)." - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,113 @@ 1 +==Framework:== 2 + 3 + 4 +====I value justice.==== 5 + 6 + 7 +====Herrenvolk ethics explains the way in which raceless morality creates a subperson-person distinction between whites and non-whites. Mills 98:==== 8 +Charles Mills 98, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Illinois, Chicago, "Blackness Visible: Essays on Philosophy and Race," Cornell University Press, 1998 9 +We can represent these ontologies diagrammatically as in Figure 2, using "personhood" 10 +AND 11 +this framework is essentially misguided. Two points may be made in reply. 12 + 13 + 14 +====Addressing herrenvolk ethics is a pre-requisite to anything else. Mills 2:==== 15 +Charles Mills 98, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Illinois, Chicago, "Blackness Visible: Essays on Philosophy and Race," Cornell University Press, 1998 16 +But the second point, which may be the more significant one, is that 17 +AND 18 +racial privilege may sys-tematically affect moral consciousness will obviously be valuable. 19 + 20 + 21 +====Thus the standard is rejecting Herrenvolk ethics. ==== 22 + 23 + 24 +==Offense:== 25 + 26 + 27 +====Contention 1 is masking:==== 28 + 29 + 30 +====A focus on overt verbal abuse masks more subtle forms of oppression, perpetuating Herrenvolk ethics. Bartlett and O'Barr 90:==== 31 + Katharine T. Bartlett (Professor of Law, Duke University School of Law) and Jean O'Barr (Director of Women's Studies at Duke University and Editor of Signs: The Journal of Women in Culture and Society). "The Chilly Climate on College Campuses: An Expansion of the 'Hate Speech' Debate." Duke Law Journal. 1990. 32 +Whether or not the incidence of everyday oppression is growing, the everyday behaviors we 33 +AND 34 +ethics by allowing the racism beneath-the-surface to go unchecked. 35 + 36 + 37 +====Contention 2 is counterspeech:==== 38 + 39 + 40 +====Speech restrictions perpetuate the idea of minorities as children that need protection, thus treating them as subpersons. Counterspeech is the only way to solve—aff is try or die. Majeed 09:==== 41 +Azhar Majeed, "Defying the Constitution: The Rise, Persistence, And Prevalence Of Campus Speech Codes," https://www.thefire.org/defying-the-constitution-the-rise-persistence-and-prevalence-of-campus-speech-codes/, Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, November 18, 2009 42 +Consequently, when minority students respond to hateful speech with counterspeech, successfully engage the 43 +AND 44 +be justified by the rationale of protecting minority student groups from injurious speech. 45 + 46 + 47 +====Counterspeech is the most effective and beneficial—it empowers students and spurs a campus-wide mindset shift, while restrictions make offensive speakers into martyrs, increasing the effectiveness of their arguments—my evidence is directly comparative and takes into account the harms of hate speech. Strossen 95:==== 48 +1995 Hate Speech and Pornography: Do We Have to Choose between Freedom of Speech and Equality Nadine Strossen New York Law School 49 +The viewpoint-neutrality principle reflects the philosophy, first stated in pathbreaking opinions by 50 +AND 51 +hate and oppression. Instead of empowering them, it enfeebles them.4 52 + 53 + 54 +====Restrictions backfire—they strengthen movements and increase likelihood of violence. Goldberg 14==== 55 +Joshua Goldberg, "Why Censoring Speech Creates Extremists And Causes Atrocities Instead of Stopping Them," Thought Catalog, http://thoughtcatalog.com/joshua-goldberg/2014/11/why-censoring-speech-creates-extremists-and-causes-atrocities-instead-of-stopping-them/, November 19, 2014 56 +In the 1920s, the National Socialist German Workers Party was banned by the government 57 +AND 58 +for saying that I feel "disgusted" by same-sex marriage. 59 + 60 + 61 +====Open discourse is key to prevent confirmation bias—cognitive science proves Goldberg's argument. Mercier '11==== 62 +Hugo Mercier, cognitive scientist, post doctorate, Philosophy Politics and Economics, University of Pennsylvania, "The Argumentative Theory," Edge.org, https://www.edge.org/conversation/hugo_mercier-the-argumentative-theory, April 27, 2011 63 +Dan Sperber came up with the argumentative theory because he was taking stock of what 64 +AND 65 +perpetuate the idea of minorities as subpersons under the guise of helping them. 66 + 67 + 68 +====Contention 3 is militarism:==== 69 + 70 + 71 +====Within spaces of education liberals have insulated themselves from the conservative voices around them which allows for the rise of Trump—only engagement in constructive dialogue can solve. ==== 72 +**Swaim '16:** (Barton Swaim, "Donald Trump tries to kill political correctness — and ends up saving it." The Washington Post. November 1, 2016/ 73 +It's true that Donald Trump's support has little to do with policies. It's not 74 +AND 75 +the bigoted tirades of a dirty old man, I'll take political correctness. 76 + 77 + 78 +====Nixon's Silent Majority is evolving and their new enemy is academia – the white middle class will remain "ignorant and racist" until liberal academia opens up to include their voices. Seaford 16:==== 79 +~~Artemis Seaford (J.D./Ph.D. student in Political Science at Stanford University), "Liberal Academia in Donald Trump's World" The American Interest. 11/11/16. http://www.the-american-interest.com/2016/11/11/liberal-academia-in-donald-trumps-world/~~ 80 +Once we process this grief, it will be time to reflect on what happened 81 +AND 82 +trying in vain to attract the attention of an ever-elusive world. 83 + 84 + 85 +==== Studies prove restrictions entrench views and halt any possibility of progress for minorities—aff is try or die. Lopez 16:==== 86 +German Lopez, "Research says there are ways to reduce racial bias. Calling people racist isn't one of them" Vox, http://www.vox.com/identities/2016/11/15/13595508/racism-trump-research-study, November 15, 2016 87 +In 2016, researchers stumbled on a radical tactic for reducing another person's bigotry: 88 +AND 89 +we will be able to see the Herrenvolk ethics and actively dismantle it. 90 + 91 + 92 +==Underview:== 93 + 94 + 95 +====The role of the ballot is to evaluate whether colleges restricting free speech is a good idea. 96 + 97 + 98 +====1. Clash:==== 99 + 100 + 101 +====2. The state is inevitable- speaking the language of power through policymaking is the only way to create social change in debate.==== 102 +**Coverstone 05** Alan Coverstone (masters in communication from Wake Forest, longtime debate coach) "Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact" Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference November 17^^th^^ 2005 103 +An important concern emerges when Mitchell describes reflexive fiat as a contest strategy capable of 104 +AND 105 +that is a fundamental cause of voter and participatory abstention in America today. 106 + 107 + 108 +====3. Idealizing social phenomena makes fighting real oppression impossible. ==== 109 +Curry 14 110 +Curry, Tommy J. ~~Ph.D., Associate Professor of Philosophy, Texas A and M University~~ "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century." Victory Briefs, January/February 2015. 111 +Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real 112 +AND 113 +used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,104 @@ 1 +==Framework:== 2 + 3 + 4 +====I value justice.==== 5 + 6 + 7 +====Herrenvolk ethics explains the way in which raceless morality creates a subperson-person distinction between whites and non-whites. Mills 98:==== 8 +Charles Mills 98, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Illinois, Chicago, "Blackness Visible: Essays on Philosophy and Race," Cornell University Press, 1998 9 +We can represent these ontologies diagrammatically as in Figure 2, using "personhood" 10 +AND 11 +this framework is essentially misguided. Two points may be made in reply. 12 + 13 + 14 +====Addressing herrenvolk ethics is a pre-requisite to anything else. Mills 2:==== 15 +Charles Mills 98, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Illinois, Chicago, "Blackness Visible: Essays on Philosophy and Race," Cornell University Press, 1998 16 +But the second point, which may be the more significant one, is that 17 +AND 18 +racial privilege may sys-tematically affect moral consciousness will obviously be valuable. 19 + 20 + 21 +====Thus the standard is rejecting Herrenvolk ethics.==== 22 + 23 + 24 +==Offense:== 25 + 26 + 27 +====Contention 1 is masking:==== 28 + 29 + 30 +====A focus on overt verbal abuse masks more subtle forms of oppression, perpetuating Herrenvolk ethics. Bartlett and O'Barr 90:==== 31 + Katharine T. Bartlett (Professor of Law, Duke University School of Law) and Jean O'Barr (Director of Women's Studies at Duke University and Editor of Signs: The Journal of Women in Culture and Society). "The Chilly Climate on College Campuses: An Expansion of the 'Hate Speech' Debate." Duke Law Journal. 1990. 32 +Whether or not the incidence of everyday oppression is growing, the everyday behaviors we 33 +AND 34 +ethics by allowing the racism beneath-the-surface to go unchecked. 35 + 36 + 37 +====Contention 2 is counterspeech:==== 38 + 39 + 40 +====Speech restrictions perpetuate the idea of minorities as children that need protection, thus treating them as subpersons. Counterspeech is the only way to solve—aff is try or die. Majeed 09:==== 41 +Azhar Majeed, "Defying the Constitution: The Rise, Persistence, And Prevalence Of Campus Speech Codes," https://www.thefire.org/defying-the-constitution-the-rise-persistence-and-prevalence-of-campus-speech-codes/, Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, November 18, 2009 42 +Consequently, when minority students respond to hateful speech with counterspeech, successfully engage the 43 +AND 44 +be justified by the rationale of protecting minority student groups from injurious speech. 45 + 46 + 47 +====Counterspeech is the most effective and beneficial—it empowers students and spurs a campus-wide mindset shift, while restrictions make offensive speakers into martyrs, increasing the effectiveness of their arguments—my evidence is directly comparative and takes into account the harms of hate speech. Strossen 95:==== 48 +1995 Hate Speech and Pornography: Do We Have to Choose between Freedom of Speech and Equality Nadine Strossen New York Law School 49 +The viewpoint-neutrality principle reflects the philosophy, first stated in pathbreaking opinions by 50 +AND 51 +hate and oppression. Instead of empowering them, it enfeebles them.4 52 + 53 + 54 +====Restrictions backfire—they strengthen movements and increase likelihood of violence. Goldberg 14==== 55 +Joshua Goldberg, "Why Censoring Speech Creates Extremists And Causes Atrocities Instead of Stopping Them," Thought Catalog, http://thoughtcatalog.com/joshua-goldberg/2014/11/why-censoring-speech-creates-extremists-and-causes-atrocities-instead-of-stopping-them/, November 19, 2014 56 +In the 1920s, the National Socialist German Workers Party was banned by the government 57 +AND 58 +for saying that I feel "disgusted" by same-sex marriage. 59 + 60 +====Contention 3 is militarism:==== 61 + 62 + 63 +====PC thought made trump president: outweighs all of your impacts and is a disad to every K. Soave 16:==== 64 +Trump Won Because Leftist Political Correctness Inspired a Terrifying Backlash What every liberal who didn't see this coming needs to understand Robby Soave~|Nov. 9, 2016 8:01 a http://reason.com/blog/2016/11/09/trump-won-because-leftist-political-corr 65 +Many will say Trump won because he successfully capitalized on blue collar workers' anxieties about 66 +AND 67 +according to his supporters, is that he isn't afraid to speak his. 68 + 69 +====Studies prove restrictions entrench views and halt any possibility of progress for minorities—aff is try or die. Lopez 16:==== 70 +German Lopez, "Research says there are ways to reduce racial bias. Calling people racist isn't one of them" Vox, http://www.vox.com/identities/2016/11/15/13595508/racism-trump-research-study, November 15, 2016 71 +In 2016, researchers stumbled on a radical tactic for reducing another person's bigotry: 72 +AND 73 +we will be able to see the Herrenvolk ethics and actively dismantle it. 74 + 75 + 76 +==Underview:== 77 + 78 + 79 +====The role of the ballot is to evaluate whether colleges restricting free speech is a good idea.==== 80 + 81 + 82 +====1. Clash:==== 83 + 84 + 85 +====2. The state is inevitable- speaking the language of power through policymaking is the only way to create social change in debate.==== 86 +**Coverstone 05** Alan Coverstone (masters in communication from Wake Forest, longtime debate coach) "Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact" Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference November 17^^th^^ 2005 87 +An important concern emerges when Mitchell describes reflexive fiat as a contest strategy capable of 88 +AND 89 +that is a fundamental cause of voter and participatory abstention in America today. 90 + 91 + 92 +====3. Idealizing social phenomena makes fighting real oppression impossible. ==== 93 +Curry 14 94 +Curry, Tommy J. ~~Ph.D., Associate Professor of Philosophy, Texas A and M University~~ "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century." Victory Briefs, January/February 2015. 95 +Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real 96 +AND 97 +used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters. 98 + 99 + 100 +====4. "Rethinking" and deconstruction create a void of inaction filled by the rich and powerful, furthering oppression. Cook 92:==== 101 +Anthony **Cook**, Associate Professor at Georgetown Law, New England Law Review, Spring, **1992 ** 102 +The effect of deconstructing the power of the author to impose a fixed meaning on 103 +AND 104 +those who influence us through their eloquence, prestige, wealth and power. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,111 @@ 1 +==Framework:== 2 + 3 + 4 +====I affirm and value morality.==== 5 + 6 + 7 +====Herrenvolk ethics explains the way in which raceless morality creates a subperson-person distinction between whites and non-whites. Mills 98:==== 8 +Charles Mills 98, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Illinois, Chicago, "Blackness Visible: Essays on Philosophy and Race," Cornell University Press, 1998 9 +We can represent these ontologies diagrammatically as in Figure 2, using "personhood" 10 +AND 11 +this framework is essentially misguided. Two points may be made in reply. 12 + 13 + 14 +====Without addressing Herrenvolk ethics we are complicit with it. Mills 2:==== 15 +Charles Mills 98, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Illinois, Chicago, "Blackness Visible: Essays on Philosophy and Race," Cornell University Press, 1998 16 +But the second point, which may be the more significant one, is that 17 +AND 18 +takeouts or overarching root cause claims—that's what perpetuates Herrenvolk ethics 19 + 20 + 21 +====Thus, the standard is rejecting Herrenvolk ethics.==== 22 +Additionally, prefer: 23 + 24 + 25 +====Rejecting Herrenvolk ethics is a pre-requisite to having a functioning moral system. Mills 3:==== 26 +Let me now try to make persuasive the claim that naturalization can as¬sist 27 +AND 28 +as a specific pat¬tern of racialized cognition. The white eye can thereby learn to see itself seeing whitely. 29 + 30 + 31 +==Offense:== 32 + 33 + 34 +====First, a focus on overt verbal abuse masks more subtle forms of oppression, perpetuating Herrenvolk ethics. Bartlett and O'Barr 90:==== 35 + Katharine T. Bartlett (Professor of Law, Duke University School of Law) and Jean O'Barr (Director of Women's Studies at Duke University and Editor of Signs: The Journal of Women in Culture and Society). "The Chilly Climate on College Campuses: An Expansion of the 'Hate Speech' Debate." Duke Law Journal. 1990. 36 +Whether or not the incidence of everyday oppression is growing, the everyday behaviors we 37 +AND 38 +alternatives that might be effective against these multiple forms of oppression remain unexplored. 39 + 40 + 41 +==== Restrictions are bad for a laundry list of reasons—they push oppression underground where violence is more likely, create a ruse of solvency that ingrains oppression in society, and are empirically proven to strengthen Herrenvolk ethics. Haiman 91:==== 42 +Franklyn Haiman, "The Remedy is More Speech" The American Prospect, http://prospect.org/article/remedy-more-speech, Summer 1991 43 +Even if one were persuaded that banning racist speech is desirable to reduce harm, 44 +AND 45 +must play an active and vocal role in helping to make it happen. 46 + 47 + 48 +====Antagonism is key to get rid of Herrenvolk ethics—cognitive science proves. Mercier '11==== 49 +Hugo Mercier, cognitive scientist, post doctorate, Philosophy Politics and Economics, University of Pennsylvania, "The Argumentative Theory," Edge.org, https://www.edge.org/conversation/hugo_mercier-the-argumentative-theory, April 27, 2011 50 +Dan Sperber came up with the argumentative theory because he was taking stock of what 51 +AND 52 +bias is one of the main phenomena that the argumentative theory can explain. 53 + 54 + 55 +====Second, speech restrictions perpetuate the idea of minorities as children that need protection, thus treating them as subpersons. Counterspeech is the only way to solve—aff is try or die. Majeed 09:==== 56 +Azhar Majeed, "Defying the Constitution: The Rise, Persistence, And Prevalence Of Campus Speech Codes," https://www.thefire.org/defying-the-constitution-the-rise-persistence-and-prevalence-of-campus-speech-codes/, Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, November 18, 2009 57 +Consequently, when minority students respond to hateful speech with counterspeech, successfully engage the 58 +AND 59 +be justified by the rationale of protecting minority student groups from injurious speech. 60 + 61 + 62 +====Studies prove restrictions entrench views and halt any possibility of progress for minorities—aff is try or die. Lopez 16:==== 63 +German Lopez, "Research says there are ways to reduce racial bias. Calling people racist isn't one of them" Vox, http://www.vox.com/identities/2016/11/15/13595508/racism-trump-research-study, November 15, 2016 64 +In 2016, researchers stumbled on a radical tactic for reducing another person's bigotry: 65 +AND 66 +some people's deeply entrenched racial attitudes, it may be the only way. 67 + 68 + 69 +==Underview:== 70 + 71 + 72 +====Counter-speech empirically works to combat hate speech and galvanizes movements to combat racism. Davidson '16==== 73 +The Freedom of Speech in Public Forums on College Campuses: A Single-Site Case Study on Pushing the Boundaries of the Freedom of Speech A Senior Project presented to The Faculty of the Journalism Department California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Journalism By Alexander Davidson June 2016 74 +All experts agreed that negative speech creates awareness that surrounds a certain topic. They 75 +AND 76 +there are people who use "good speech" to combat the issue. 77 + 78 + 79 +====This outweighs—social science proves counter-speech. Strossen 2000==== 80 +Strossen (Nadine, National President, American Civil Liberties Union; Professor of Law, New York Law School, 25 S. Ill. U. L. J. 243, "Incitement to Hatred: Should There Be a Limit? 81 +A study that was done by a professor at Smith College in Massachusetts demonstrated the 82 +AND 83 +to any speech with which one disagrees is not suppression but rather counterspeech. 84 + 85 + 86 +====And, PICs don't get out of the aff even if they defend implementing one restriction right now—that creates precedent for further restrictions. White 16:==== 87 +Ken White, "Lawsplainer: Why Flag Burning Matters, And How It Relates To Crush Videos" Popehat, https://www.popehat.com/2016/11/29/lawsplainer-why-flag-burning-matters-and-how-it-relates-to-crush-videos/, 11/29/16 88 +In free speech analysis, how you get to a conclusion often has much more 89 +AND 90 +our core values and talk about the things that are important to us. 91 + 92 + 93 +====The role of the ballot is to evaluate the simulated consequences of the aff policy.==== 94 +Prefer it: 95 + 96 + 97 +====1. Clash: analytic ==== 98 + 99 + 100 +====2. The state is inevitable- speaking the language of power through policymaking is the only way to create social change in debate.==== 101 +**Coverstone 05** Alan Coverstone (masters in communication from Wake Forest, longtime debate coach) "Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact" Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference November 17^^th^^ 2005 102 +An important concern emerges when Mitchell describes reflexive fiat as a contest strategy capable of 103 +AND 104 +that is a fundamental cause of voter and participatory abstention in America today. 105 + 106 + 107 +====3. Policy focus is key to challenge structures of white supremacy. ==== 108 +**Themba-Nixon 2000**, Executive Director of The Praxis Project, a nonprofit organization helping communities use media and policy advocacy 109 +Makani, July 31, Colorlines, Changing the Rules: What Public Policy Means 110 +AND 111 +organizing into the process. In essence, policies are the codification of power - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,7 @@ 1 +Hi I'm Rex. 2 + 3 +E-mail: rexyman212@gmail.com 4 + 5 +If you have any questions, feel free to e-mail me. 6 + 7 +Also, I'm really bad about checking facebook. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,101 @@ 1 +====I affirm and value morality.==== 2 + 3 + 4 +====Herrenvolk ethics explains the way in which raceless morality creates a subperson-person distinction between whites and non-whites. Mills 98:==== 5 +Charles Mills 98, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Illinois, Chicago, "Blackness Visible: Essays on Philosophy and Race," Cornell University Press, 1998 6 +We can represent these ontologies diagrammatically as in Figure 2, using "personhood" 7 +AND 8 +this framework is essentially misguided. Two points may be made in reply. 9 + 10 + 11 +====Without addressing Herrenvolk ethics we are complicit with it. Mills 2:==== 12 +Charles Mills 98, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Illinois, Chicago, "Blackness Visible: Essays on Philosophy and Race," Cornell University Press, 1998 13 +But the second point, which may be the more significant one, is that 14 +AND 15 +No sweeping takeouts or overarching root cause claims—that's what perpetuates Herrenvolk ethics 16 + 17 + 18 +====Thus, the standard is rejecting Herrenvolk ethics. This entails fighting the systems and ideologies in America that implicitly perpetuate the idea that minorities are subpersons. Mills concludes that the biggest problem is implicit racism under-the-surface that allows for Herrenvolk ethics, therefore the focus should be on underlying structures rather than explicit acts of racism.==== 19 + 20 + 21 +==Offense== 22 + 23 + 24 +====First, a focus on overt verbal abuse masks more subtle forms of oppression, perpetuating Herrenvolk ethics. Bartlett and O'Barr 90:==== 25 + Katharine T. Bartlett (Professor of Law, Duke University School of Law) and Jean O'Barr (Director of Women's Studies at Duke University and Editor of Signs: The Journal of Women in Culture and Society). "The Chilly Climate on College Campuses: An Expansion of the 'Hate Speech' Debate." Duke Law Journal. 1990. 26 +Whether or not the incidence of everyday oppression is growing, the everyday behaviors we 27 +AND 28 +alternatives that might be effective against these multiple forms of oppression remain unexplored. 29 + 30 + 31 +==== ~~0:35~~ Restrictions are bad for a laundry list of reasons—they push oppression underground where violence is more likely, create a ruse of solvency that ingrains oppression in society, and are empirically proven to strengthen Herrenvolk ethics. Haiman 91:==== 32 +Franklyn Haiman, "The Remedy is More Speech" The American Prospect, http://prospect.org/article/remedy-more-speech, Summer 1991 33 +Even if one were persuaded that banning racist speech is desirable to reduce harm, 34 +AND 35 +must play an active and vocal role in helping to make it happen. 36 + 37 + 38 +====Antagonism is key to get rid of irrational ideas like Herrenvolk ethics—cognitive science proves. Mercier '11==== 39 +Hugo Mercier, cognitive scientist, post doctorate, Philosophy Politics and Economics, University of Pennsylvania, "The Argumentative Theory," Edge.org, https://www.edge.org/conversation/hugo_mercier-the-argumentative-theory, April 27, 2011 40 +Dan Sperber came up with the argumentative theory because he was taking stock of what 41 +AND 42 +bias is one of the main phenomena that the argumentative theory can explain. 43 + 44 + 45 +====Second, speech restrictions perpetuate the idea of minorities as children that need protection, thus treating them as subpersons. Counterspeech is the only way to solve—aff is try or die. Majeed 09:==== 46 +Azhar Majeed, "Defying the Constitution: The Rise, Persistence, And Prevalence Of Campus Speech Codes," https://www.thefire.org/defying-the-constitution-the-rise-persistence-and-prevalence-of-campus-speech-codes/, Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, November 18, 2009 47 +Consequently, when minority students respond to hateful speech with counterspeech, successfully engage the 48 +AND 49 +be justified by the rationale of protecting minority student groups from injurious speech. 50 + 51 + 52 +====~~0:30~~ Studies prove restrictions entrench views and halt any possibility of progress for minorities—aff is try or die. Lopez 16:==== 53 +German Lopez, "Research says there are ways to reduce racial bias. Calling people racist isn't one of them" Vox, http://www.vox.com/identities/2016/11/15/13595508/racism-trump-research-study, November 15, 2016 54 +In 2016, researchers stumbled on a radical tactic for reducing another person's bigotry: 55 +AND 56 +some people's deeply entrenched racial attitudes, it may be the only way. 57 + 58 + 59 +==Underview:== 60 + 61 + 62 +====Counter-speech empirically works to combat hate speech and galvanizes movements to combat racism. Davidson '16==== 63 +The Freedom of Speech in Public Forums on College Campuses: A Single-Site Case Study on Pushing the Boundaries of the Freedom of Speech A Senior Project presented to The Faculty of the Journalism Department California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Journalism By Alexander Davidson June 2016 64 +All experts agreed that negative speech creates awareness that surrounds a certain topic. They 65 +AND 66 +there are people who use "good speech" to combat the issue. 67 + 68 + 69 +====This outweighs—social science proves counter-speech. Strossen 2000==== 70 +Strossen (Nadine, National President, American Civil Liberties Union; Professor of Law, New York Law School, 25 S. Ill. U. L. J. 243, "Incitement to Hatred: Should There Be a Limit? 71 +A study that was done by a professor at Smith College in Massachusetts demonstrated the 72 +AND 73 +to any speech with which one disagrees is not suppression but rather counterspeech. 74 + 75 + 76 +====~~0:30~~ And, PICs don't get out of the aff even if they defend implementing one restriction right now—that creates precedent for further restrictions. White 16:==== 77 +Ken White, "Lawsplainer: Why Flag Burning Matters, And How It Relates To Crush Videos" Popehat, https://www.popehat.com/2016/11/29/lawsplainer-why-flag-burning-matters-and-how-it-relates-to-crush-videos/, 11/29/16 78 +In free speech analysis, how you get to a conclusion often has much more 79 +AND 80 +our core values and talk about the things that are important to us. 81 + 82 + 83 +====The role of the ballot is to evaluate the simulated consequences of the aff policy.==== 84 +Prefer it: 85 + 86 + 87 +====1. Clash: analytic==== 88 + 89 + 90 +====2. The state is inevitable- speaking the language of power through policymaking is the only way to create social change in debate.==== 91 +**Coverstone 05** Alan Coverstone (masters in communication from Wake Forest, longtime debate coach) "Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact" Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference November 17^^th^^ 2005 92 +An important concern emerges when Mitchell describes reflexive fiat as a contest strategy capable of 93 +AND 94 +that is a fundamental cause of voter and participatory abstention in America today. 95 + 96 + 97 +====3. ~~0:20~~ Policy focus is key to challenge structures of white supremacy. ==== 98 +**Themba-Nixon 2000**, Executive Director of The Praxis Project, a nonprofit organization helping communities use media and policy advocacy 99 +Makani, July 31, Colorlines, Changing the Rules: What Public Policy Means 100 +AND 101 +. Of course, policy work is just one tool in our box. - EntryDate
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- Cites
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,113 @@ 1 +==Framework:== 2 + 3 + 4 +====I affirm and value morality.==== 5 + 6 + 7 +====Herrenvolk ethics explains the way in which raceless morality creates a subperson-person distinction between whites and non-whites. Mills 98:==== 8 +Charles Mills 98, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Illinois, Chicago, "Blackness Visible: Essays on Philosophy and Race," Cornell University Press, 1998 9 +We can represent these ontologies diagrammatically as in Figure 2, using "personhood" 10 +AND 11 +this framework is essentially misguided. Two points may be made in reply. 12 + 13 + 14 +====Without addressing Herrenvolk ethics we are complicit with it. Mills 2:==== 15 +Charles Mills 98, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Illinois, Chicago, "Blackness Visible: Essays on Philosophy and Race," Cornell University Press, 1998 16 +But the second point, which may be the more significant one, is that 17 +AND 18 +No sweeping takeouts or overarching root cause claims—that's what perpetuates Herrenvolk ethics 19 + 20 + 21 +====Thus, the standard is rejecting Herrenvolk ethics. This entails fighting the systems and ideologies in America that implicitly perpetuate the idea that minorities are subpersons. Mills concludes that the biggest problem is implicit racism under-the-surface that allows for Herrenvolk ethics, therefore the focus should be on underlying structures rather than explicit acts of racism.==== 22 + 23 + 24 +==Offense:== 25 + 26 + 27 +====First, a focus on overt verbal abuse masks more subtle forms of oppression, perpetuating Herrenvolk ethics. Bartlett and O'Barr 90 bracketed:==== 28 + Katharine T. Bartlett (Professor of Law, Duke University School of Law) and Jean O'Barr (Director of Women's Studies at Duke University and Editor of Signs: The Journal of Women in Culture and Society). "The Chilly Climate on College Campuses: An Expansion of the 'Hate Speech' Debate." Duke Law Journal. 1990. 29 +Whether or not the incidence of everyday oppression is growing, the everyday behaviors we 30 +AND 31 +alternatives that might be effective against these multiple forms of oppression remain unexplored. 32 + 33 + 34 +==== ~~0:35~~ Restrictions are bad for a laundry list of reasons—they push oppression underground where violence is more likely, create a ruse of solvency that ingrains oppression in society, and are empirically proven to strengthen Herrenvolk ethics. Haiman 91 bracketed:==== 35 +Franklyn Haiman, "The Remedy is More Speech" The American Prospect, http://prospect.org/article/remedy-more-speech, Summer 1991 36 +Even if one were persuaded that banning racist speech is desirable to reduce harm, 37 +AND 38 +must play an active and vocal role in helping to make it happen. 39 + 40 + 41 +====Antagonism is key to get rid of irrational ideas like Herrenvolk ethics—cognitive science proves. Mercier '11==== 42 +Hugo Mercier, cognitive scientist, post doctorate, Philosophy Politics and Economics, University of Pennsylvania, "The Argumentative Theory," Edge.org, https://www.edge.org/conversation/hugo_mercier-the-argumentative-theory, April 27, 2011 43 +Dan Sperber came up with the argumentative theory because he was taking stock of what 44 +AND 45 +bias is one of the main phenomena that the argumentative theory can explain. 46 + 47 + 48 +====Next, speech restrictions perpetuate the idea of minorities as children that need protection, thus treating them as subpersons. Counterspeech is the only way to solve—aff is try or die. Majeed 09:==== 49 +Azhar Majeed, "Defying the Constitution: The Rise, Persistence, And Prevalence Of Campus Speech Codes," https://www.thefire.org/defying-the-constitution-the-rise-persistence-and-prevalence-of-campus-speech-codes/, Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, November 18, 2009 50 +Consequently, when minority students respond to hateful speech with counterspeech, successfully engage the 51 +AND 52 +be justified by the rationale of protecting minority student groups from injurious speech. 53 + 54 + 55 +====~~0:30~~ Studies prove restrictions entrench views and halt any possibility of progress for minorities—aff is try or die. Lopez 16:==== 56 +German Lopez, "Research says there are ways to reduce racial bias. Calling people racist isn't one of them" Vox, http://www.vox.com/identities/2016/11/15/13595508/racism-trump-research-study, November 15, 2016 57 +In 2016, researchers stumbled on a radical tactic for reducing another person's bigotry: 58 +AND 59 +some people's deeply entrenched racial attitudes, it may be the only way. 60 + 61 + 62 +==Underview:== 63 + 64 + 65 +====First:==== 66 + 67 + 68 +====Counter-speech empirically works to combat hate speech and galvanizes movements to combat racism. Davidson '16 bracketed:==== 69 +The Freedom of Speech in Public Forums on College Campuses: A Single-Site Case Study on Pushing the Boundaries of the Freedom of Speech A Senior Project presented to The Faculty of the Journalism Department California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Journalism By Alexander Davidson June 2016 70 +All experts agreed that negative speech creates awareness that surrounds a certain topic. They 71 +AND 72 +there are people who use "good speech" to combat the issue. 73 + 74 + 75 +====This outweighs—social science proves counter-speech. Strossen 2000==== 76 +Strossen (Nadine, National President, American Civil Liberties Union; Professor of Law, New York Law School, 25 S. Ill. U. L. J. 243, "Incitement to Hatred: Should There Be a Limit? 77 +A study that was done by a professor at Smith College in Massachusetts demonstrated the 78 +AND 79 +to any speech with which one disagrees is not suppression but rather counterspeech. 80 + 81 + 82 +====Universities are not neutral—codes are routinely enforced against minorities.==== 83 +**Strossen 90** ~~Strossen, Nadine (She was the first woman and the youngest person to ever lead the ACLU. A professor at New York Law School, Strossen sits on the Council on Foreign Relations. She has been called one of the most influential business leaders, women, or lawyers in National Law Journal and Vanity Fair) "Regulating Racist Speech on Campus: A Modest Proposal?." http://www.jstor.org/stable/1372555 , Duke Law Journal 1990.3 (Jun 1990): 484-573. 84 +The first reason that laws censoring racist speech may undermine the goal of combating racism 85 +AND 86 +, she had been singled out for punishment because of her ethnic background. 87 + 88 + 89 +====Second:==== 90 + 91 + 92 +====PICs don't get out of the aff even if they defend implementing one restriction right now—that creates precedent for further restrictions. White 16 bracketed:==== 93 +Ken White, "Lawsplainer: Why Flag Burning Matters, And How It Relates To Crush Videos" Popehat, https://www.popehat.com/2016/11/29/lawsplainer-why-flag-burning-matters-and-how-it-relates-to-crush-videos/, 11/29/16 94 +In free speech analysis, how you get to a conclusion often has much more 95 +AND 96 +our core values and talk about the things that are important to us. 97 + 98 + 99 +====And, the neg is in a double bind: either they restrict all speech people find offensive, or colleges lose funding. Volokh 16 bracketed:==== 100 +Eugene Volokh, teaches free speech law, religious freedom law, church-state relations law, a First Amendment Amicus Brief Clinic, and tort law, at UCLA School of Law, where he has also often taught copyright law, criminal law, and a seminar on firearms regulation policy. "At the University of Oregon, no more free speech for professors on subjects such as race, religion, sexual orientation," Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2016/12/26/at-the-university-of-oregon-no-more-free-speech-for-professors-on-subjects-such-as-race-religion-sexual-orientation/?utm_term=.8d896f1e14c2, December 26, 2016 101 +For a long time, universities have argued that the public has to tolerate~~ 102 +AND 103 +sees professors expressing many other views that members of the public find offensive. 104 + 105 + 106 +====Third:==== 107 + 108 + 109 +====The role of the ballot is to evaluate the simulated consequences of the aff policy. .==== 110 +Prefer it: 111 + 112 + 113 +====1. Clash: analytic==== - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,15 @@ 1 +The role of the ballot is to vote for the policy that best combats oppression. Curry 14 2 +Curry, Tommy J. Ph.D., Associate Professor of Philosophy, Texas A and M University “The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century.” Victory Briefs, January/February 2015. 3 +Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real world consequences of 4 +AND 5 +colonized (dignity, justice, fairness, rights, etc.) used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters. 6 + 7 +Prefer it: 8 +A. Aff choice: analytic 9 +B. Predictable limits: analytic 10 +C. Comparative worlds is key to fairness and real world education. 11 +Nelson 08 12 +Adam F. Nelson, J.D.1. Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Lincoln-Douglas Debate. 2008. 13 +And the truth-statement model of the resolution imposes an absolute burden of proof on the affirmative: if the resolution 14 +AND 15 + abstract. We want to know how the various options affect us and the world we live in. - EntryDate
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