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+===AC=== |
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+====The standard is promotion of Mill's liberty.==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Liberty is a pre-requisite and public actors have an obligation to respect it.==== |
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+Mill: |
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+John Stuart Mill, "On Liberty," 1859 |
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+Each will receive its proper share, if each has that which more particularly concerns |
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+AND |
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+, legal and social, to do the action and stand the consequences. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====The risk of being wrong in violating liberty for a greater good far outweighs any potential negative consequences. Mill 2:==== |
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+It would be a great misunderstanding of this doctrine to suppose AND a sentiment the opposite of admiration will follow. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Deciding what is right for other people is a bad idea because you're probably wrong yourself meaning we must respect liberty. Mill 3:==== |
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+But the strongest of all the arguments against the interference of the public with AND self-regarding concerns of individuals the public has no business to interfere. |
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+Additionally prefer: |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====1. Liberty is a constitutive feature of morality. Ethical systems that do not maintain liberty as their starting point fail because they make impossible the concept of moral culpability. ==== |
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+Uleman 10 ~~(Jennifer, Associate Professor of Philosophy at Purchase College) "An Introduction to Kant's Moral Philosophy", Cambridge University Press, 1/21/2010~~ |
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+We can summarize these thoughts by noticing how they fit with Kant's helpful AND as Kant understands it. Together, they make Kantian sense of the possibility of a free will. |
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+ |
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+====2. All humans are entitled to their own conception of the good life. Respect for the equality of persons commits us to a system of negative rights wherein it is impossible to impose one's will coercively upon another. ==== |
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+Fried 05 –gender modified ~~(Charles, Beneficial Professor of Law @ Harvard University) "The Nature and Importance of Liberty", Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, 2005~~ |
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+I would say that what is important about us, what makes us moral AND has not chosen voluntarily to enlist in that campaign. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====3. Argumentation ethics necessarily leads to the rights of self-ownership and property acquisition. Kinsella==== |
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+Stephan Kinsella, Friday, May 27, 2011, Argumentation Ethics and Liberty: A Concise Guide |
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+In essence, Hoppe's view is that argumentation, or discourse, is by its |
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+AND |
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+goods must be assumed to exist. (TSC, p. 161) |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====4. Liberty provides the necessary framework for action and exercise of reason, making it a starting point for ethics and a prerequisite to answering other ethical questions. Boaz:==== |
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+David Boaz (Executive vice president, Cato Institute). "Libertarianism: A Primer." Simon and Schuster. pp 61-62. 1997. |
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+Any theory of rights has to begin somewhere. Most libertarian philosophers would begin the |
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+AND |
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+simple declaration: Natural rights are self-evident. |
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+ |
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+====First, removing restrictions prevents prohibiting speech which is an essential liberty, no matter how miniscule the restrictions are. ==== |
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+Lambert 16 (Saber, writer @ being libertarian, "The Degradation of Free Speech and Personal Liberty," April 9, 2016, https://beinglibertarian.com/the-degradation-of-free-speech-and-personal-liberty |
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+Many individuals in society claim that they live in a free nation full of individual |
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+AND |
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+is often paralleled to a form of dictatorship – no matter how miniscule. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Second, Arguments aren't harmful in-and-of themselves. The burden of rejoinder is necessary for dialogue to occur, and there's always a risk something offensive could be said, which proves that dialogue and limits on speech are zero sum. ==== |
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+Anderson 06 — Amanda Anderson, Caroline Donovan Professor of English Literature and Department Chair at Johns Hopkins University, Senior Fellow at the School of Criticism and Theory at Cornell University, holds a Ph.D. in English from Cornell University, 2006 ("Reply to My Critic(s)," Criticism, Volume 48, Number 2, Spring, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Project MUSE, p. 289) |
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+Probyn's piece is a mixture of affective fallacy, argument by authority, and bald |
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+AND |
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+of ideas, that your claim to injury somehow damns your opponent's ideas. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Third, a restriction on free speech imposes a view of the good that might well be wrong. Mill 4:==== |
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+John Stuart Mill, "On Liberty," 1859 |
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+First: the opinion which it is attempted to suppress by authority may possibly be |
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+AND |
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+it is that many, once general, are rejected by the present. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+===Underview:=== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Freedom of speech is necessary for the pursuit of moral truth.==== |
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+D.V. Mill 16: |
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+David Van Mill, Professor Political Science and International Relations, University of Western Australia, "Freedom of Speech," Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/freedom-speech/~~#JohStuMilHarPri, July 12, 2016 |
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+Given that Mill presented one of the first, and still perhaps the most famous |
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+AND |
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+to show that harm can be caused and that rights can be violated. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Under any framework, the potential for fallibility means we need freedom of speech. Mill 5:==== |
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+John Stuart Mill, "On Liberty," 1859 |
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+In the present age—which has been described as "destitute of faith, |
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+AND |
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+towards those who dissent from them, or from their received interpretation.3 |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Freedom of expression is fundamental to the goals of universities. Fleischer 93:==== |
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+Stephen Fleischer, ~~JD, University of Iowa~~ "Campus Speech Codes: The Threat to Liberal Education," John Marshall Law Review, 1993. |
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+Freedom of expression facilitates the university's mission: to advance knowledge and encourage a search |
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+AND |
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+of tongues, ~~rather~~ than through any kind of authoritative selection." |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Frameworks that put an emphasis on criticism liberation or emancipation from violence are self defeating Hägglund 08'==== |
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+Martin Hägglund: Radical Atheism: Derrida and the Time of Life, Stanford: Stanford University Press, Meridian: Crossing Aesthetics, 2008. |
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+Emancipatory politics does not aspire to a telos of absolute liberation, but must always |
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+AND |
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+violence (since it may be negated by the coming of other futures)." |