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1 -===1 – War Against Kids===
2 -
3 -
4 -====Police have invaded schools and momentum for funding is still gaining – this has led to increasing use of force and abuse of students – the law is not clearly established so SROs will always get immunity====
5 -**Potter 15** ~~GS Potter; Community activist and educator with a Ph.D. in educational leadership and policy studies from the University of Washington.; 3-16-2015; "How Police Became Part of the Public School System and How to Get Them Out"; http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/33706-how-police-became-part-of-the-public-school-system-and-how-to-get-them-out~~ JC
6 -Between the founding of the first recognized school resource officer program in 1958 and the
7 -AND
8 --wide abuses against students, especially disadvantaged students, across the country.
9 -
10 -
11 -====SRO misconduct is rampant – students are choked, tasered, and shot to death – it's try or die for the aff====
12 -**Lee 15** ~~Jaeah; Jaeah is a former reporter at Mother Jones. Her writings have appeared in The Atlantic, the Guardian, Wired, Christian Science Monitor, Global Post, Huffington Post, Talking Points Memo, and Grist.; JUL. 14, 2015; "Chokeholds, brain injuries, beatings: Here's what happens when school cops go bad"; http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/05/police-school-resource-officers-k-12-misconduct-violence~~ JC
13 -Over the past year, video footage from around the country of law enforcement officers
14 -AND
15 -training and oversight, and a disproportionate impact on minority and disabled students.
16 -
17 -
18 -====Tasers prove – SROs are brutal====
19 -**Klein 8/1** ~~Rebecca; Editor of education news for The Huffington Post; 8-1-2016; "School-Based Police Are Using Tasers on Students"; http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/37338-set-to-stun~~ JC
20 -This is one of at least 84 incidents of children being Tasered or shot with
21 -AND
22 -184 in 2007. (The department stopped conducting regular surveys after 2009.)
23 -
24 -
25 -====The police state oppresses children in schools====
26 -**Giroux 15** ~~Henry A.; 11-11-2015; McMaster University Professor for Scholarship in the Public Interest and The Paulo Freire Distinguished Scholar in Critical Pedagogy. He also is a Distinguished Visiting Professor at Ryerson University; "Terrorizing Students: The Criminalization of Children in the US Police State"; http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/33604-terrorizing-students-the-criminalization-of-children-in-the-us-police-state~~ JC
27 -In part, the militarizing of schools and the accompanying surge of police officers are
28 -AND
29 -defined by a culture of fear and an utter distrust of young people?
30 -
31 -
32 -===2 – Plan===
33 -
34 -
35 -====The United States will abolish qualified immunity for school resource officers ====
36 -
37 -
38 -====The plan is a catalyst for further reform====
39 -**De Stefan 16** Lindsey De Stefan (J.D. Candidate, 2017, Seton Hall University School of Law). "No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2016). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850. http://scholarship.shu.edu/student_scholarship/850 JC
40 -In recent months, it has been impossible to ignore the overwhelming presence of police
41 -AND
42 -step in decreasing the overall incidence of police misconduct in the United States.
43 -
44 -
45 -====Wrongdoing SROs are held accountable – litigation affects conduct regardless of indemnification====
46 -**Rosen 5** Michael M. Rosen (Attorney in San Diego at Fish and Richardson PC, an intellectual property law firm; JD, Harvard Law). "A Qualified Defense: In Support of the Doctrine of Qualified Immunity in Excessive Force Cases, With Some Suggestions for its Improvement." 35GoldenGateU.L.Rev. (2005). http://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/ggulrev/vol35/iss2/2
47 -Of course, this entire edifice hangs on the assumption that law enforcement agents regularly
48 -AND
49 -, in the heat of the moment, whether reasonably or not.59
50 -
51 -
52 -====QI distorts civil rights law – it makes it so the law will never be clearly established====
53 -**Hassel 99** ~~Diana; Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs at Roger Williams University School of Law; "Living a Lie: The Cost of Qualified Immunity"; Missouri Law Review (1999); Available at: http://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/mlr/vol64/iss1/9~~ JC
54 -On the other side of the lawsuit, qualified immunity promises much more to the
55 -AND
56 -should be protected and which we are content not to protect with monetary compensation
57 -
58 -
59 -====Legal actions affect culture-civil rights movement proves====
60 -**Masket 15** SETH MASKET, OCT 5, 2015, "You Can Change Laws Without Changing Hearts and Minds" http://www.psmag.com/politics-and-law/you-can-change-laws-without-changing-hearts-and-minds
61 -In the wake of yet another mass shooting, a rather familiar public debate is
62 -AND
63 -some of those changes have done the country a great deal of good.
64 -
65 -
66 -===3 – Framing===
67 -
68 -
69 -====The judge must resist the imposition of dominant ideology on marginalized groups in educational spaces. TRIFONAS 03:====
70 -Trifonas, Peter. PEDAGOGIES OF DIFFERENCE: RETHINKING EDUCATION FOR SOCIAL CHANGE. New York, London. 2003.
71 -Domination and subordination, I imply that they are relations of power. In an
72 -AND
73 -is to make the world a better place for us and for our childre
74 -
75 -
76 -====And, current discourse on young people is violent – they are viewed as criminals, public disorders that must be dealt with, and resources for markets. Solving for children's oppression accesses other forms of oppression. GIROUX 15:====
77 -Henry A. Giroux ~| Youth in Authoritarian Times: Challenging Neoliberalism's Politics of Disposability Wednesday, 21 October 2015 00:00 By Henry A. Giroux, Truthout ~| News Analysis
78 -The transformation of the social state into the corporate-controlled punishing state is made
79 -AND
80 -appear to be of little concern to the shameless apostles of permanent war.
81 -
82 -
83 -====Thus, the role of the ballot and judge is to reject oppression with a focus on the youth. More warrants:====
84 -
85 -
86 -====1. Children are particularly excluded and not considered relevant by academics, allowing willful ignorance of violence that costs them their lives. Only a focus on children as an important group can stop systemic structural violence – otherwise all oppression towards them is rendered unseen. GIROUX 2K:====
87 -Public Pedagogy and the Responsibility of Intellectuals: Youth, Littleton, and the Loss of Innocence Henry A. Giroux. jac 20.1 (2000)
88 -Unfortunately, as the post-Littleton debate has clearly shown, educators in a
89 -AND
90 -regarded as a detriment to adult society rather than as a valuable resource.
91 -
92 -
93 -====And, Addressing the material conditions for violence specifically with children is required for the success of symbolic critique. Pure critique is not enough – it must be combined into tangible policy action. GIROUX 2:====
94 -Public Pedagogy and the Responsibility of Intellectuals: Youth, Littleton, and the Loss of Innocence Henry A. Giroux. jac 20.1 (2000)
95 -To address the problems of youth, rigorous educational work must respond to the dilemmas
96 -AND
97 -, unemployment, police brutality, rape, sexual abuse, and racism.
98 -
99 -
100 -====2. Debate is a unique forum for high-schooler's to advocate for children – children are denied participation due to the current structure of society. GODWIN 11:====
101 -Children's Oppression, Rights and Liberation by Samantha Godwin 2011
102 -While childhood similarly marks a stage of life that each of us will pass through
103 -AND
104 -they lack the legal rights to have the opportunity to acquire those means.
105 -
106 -
107 -===4 – UV===
108 -
109 -
110 -====Police immunity is a means of the state to maintain power over society====
111 -**Internationalist 15** ~~League For The Fourth International; Summer 2015; "Killer Cops, White Supremacists: Racist Terror Stalks Black America"; http://www.internationalist.org/killercopswstalkblackamerica1507.html~~ JC
112 -The entire legal system is based on the recognition that the police are the first
113 -AND
114 -of special decrees, which invest them with a peculiar sanctity and inviolability."
115 -
116 -
117 -====Evaluate arguments using particularity – no "root cause" or sweeping take-outs to our specific claims.====
118 -**Price 98 **~~(RICHARD PRICE is a former prof in the Department of Anthropology at Yale University. Later, he moved to Johns Hopkins University to found the Department of Anthropology, where he served three terms as chair. A decade of freelance teaching (University of Minnesota, Stanford University, Princeton University, University of Florida, Universidade Federal da Bahia), ensued. This article is co-authored with CHRISTIAN REUS-SMIT – Monash University – European Journal of International Relations Copyright © 1998 via SAGE Publications http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/~~courses/PoliticalScience/661B1/documents/PriceReusSmithCriticalInternatlTheoryConstructivism.pdf)~~
119 -One of the central departures of critical international theory from positivism is the view that
120 -AND
121 -violates the interpretive ethos of critical international theory than does critical theory itself.
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1 -2016-11-06 04:27:33.0
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1 -Interp—both debaters must disclose at least the following from all AC’s and NC’s read at TOC bid distributing tournaments on the Sept/Oct 2016 nuclear power topic on the NDCA LD wiki: first, complete tag lines to all cards; second, first 3 words and last 3 words of all cards; third, the standard used to delineate what counts as offense and not offense with the claims to the warrants for that standard and fourth, taglines to all evidence read. To clarify, this disclosure must happen within 12 hours of reading the position and only if the tournament provides WIFI access to participants.
2 -
3 -Violation
4 -
5 -Standards
6 -A. Equal playing field
7 -B. Clash
8 -C. Checks back abuse
9 -D. Academic Integrity
10 -
11 -Voters
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1 -2016-11-14 19:36:26.0
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1 -Facebook: Kirk Wu
2 -Email: kirk.c.wu@gmail.com
3 -I will probably be more responsive to emails than Facebook messages at tournaments, but you can try to contact me both ways. I can't guarantee that I will see your message before the round though.
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1 -====The aff is a contingent demand on the state that seeks to reform it from within. Totalizing accounts of action ignore complexity and are defeatist – playing the cards we're dealt can make constructive change ====
2 -Laura** Zanotti 13**, associate professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech., Ph.D. from the University of Washington in 2008 and joined the Purdue University faculty in 2009. "Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World", originally published online 30 December, Sage
3 -Unlike positions that adopt governmentality as a descriptive tool and end up embracing the liberal
4 -AND
5 -ideal social order. It is found instead in multifarious and contingent struggles t
6 -
7 -
8 -====Belief that police are under attack inspires right wing backlash, spurs militia recruitment====
9 -**Blue 16**, Miranda Blue, July 8, 2016, "Oath Keepers Calls For Establishment Of Militias In Response To Dallas Ambush" Right Wing Watch, http://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/oath-keepers-calls-for-establishment-of-militias-in-response-to-dallas-ambush/
10 -Stewart Rhodes, the founder of the Oath Keepers, responded today to last night's
11 -AND
12 -lead them toward the only constitutional solution – the revitalization of the militia."
13 -
14 -
15 -====Right-wing militia groups threaten minority groups ====
16 -**Potok 16**, Mark Potok, United Nations High Commission on Human Rights and University of Chicago, February 17, 2016, "The Year in Hate and Extremism", Southern Poverty Law Center, https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2016/year-hate-and-extremism
17 -The number of hate and antigovernment 'Patriot' groups grew last year, and terrorist
18 -AND
19 -as the country continues to come to terms with its increasing diversity. .
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1 -2016-11-14 19:50:48.0
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1 -===Part 1 is Framework:===
2 -I affirm—all brackets for offensive language or clarity.
3 -
4 -
5 -==== Welcome to the world where the politics of domestic terrorism has corrupted the very foundations of democracy, a world where the police you are trying to protect kill countless young black children, men, and women. Militarism is rampant in every single aspect of our lives, and it's time to fight back one step at a time. The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater whose advocacy best breaks down militarism. Three warrants—====
6 -
7 -
8 -====1. Militarism dominates status quo policies, manifesting itself through a politics of disposability that smothers ethical and critical dialogue. Educational spaces are key to fighting back. ====
9 -Giroux 05, Henry, Held positions at Boston University, Miami University, and Penn State, The Curse of Totalitarianism and The Challenge of Critical Pedagogy, 2005, http://philosophersforchange.org/2015/10/13/the-curse-of-totalitarianism-and-the-challenge-of-critical-pedagogy
10 -The forces of free-market fundamentalism are on the march ushering in a terrifying
11 -AND
12 -all, to make the world a more human dwelling place"?~~7~~
13 -
14 -
15 -====2. Militarism epistemologically corrupts political thought, meaning the aff is a prior question for other role of the ballots. ====
16 -Pieterse 07, Jan, professor of sociology at the University of Illinois, Review of International Political Economy, Vol. 14, No. 3, Aug, Political and Economic Brinkmanship, ," p. 473-4
17 -Brinkmanship and producing instability carry several meanings. The American military spends 48 of
18 -AND
19 -the need for postwar planning (Packer, 2005; Lang, 2004).
20 -
21 -
22 -====3. Militarism leads to a laundry list of bad impacts and causes epistemic biasing in favor of false solutions. We have reached the tipping point—the aff is try or die. ====
23 -CACC 11, Admin, Rejecting Militarism, 2011, Canadians for Emergency action on Climate Change, http://climatesoscanada.org/blog/2011/02/15/rejecting-militarism/, Resources: ~~1~~ http://www.fcnl.org/budget/budget-proposal11.htm ~~2~~ Miriam Pemberton with Jonathan Glyn, Military vs. Climate Security: The 2011 Budgets Compared. Institute for Policy Studies. http://www.ips-dc.org/reports/military_vs_climate_security_the_2011_budgets_compared ~~3~~ Many resources can be found on the various market mechanisms and other false solutions, here: www.climatesos.org/resources ~~4~~ Anita Dancs, Mary Orisich, Suzanne Smith, The Military Costs of Securing Energy (National Priorities Project – October 2008) ~~5~~ http://www.iacenter.org/o/world/climatesummit_pentagon121809/ ~~6~~ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/barry-sanders/the-green-zone-the-worst-_b_70173.html ~~7~~ http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/toxic-legacy-of-us-assault-on-fallujah-worse-than-hiroshima-2034065.html ~~8~~ http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0327-21.htm ~~9~~ http://www.actforclimatejustice.org/2010/03/the-impact-of-militarism-on-climate-change-must-no-longer-be-ignored/ (and personal communication with the author) ~~10~~ http://www.thedailybeast.com/blogs-and-stories/2010-10-27/the-economic-crisis-and-the-hidden-cost-of-the-wars/full/ ~~11~~ http://www.kabulpress.org/my/spip.php?article32304 ~~12~~ http://www.peace-action.org/Peace20Action20Military20Spending20Primer.pdf ~~13~~ Will R. Turner, et al. (2010). Climate change: helping nature survive the human response. Conservation Letters, http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/123523083/abstract?CRETRY=1andSRETRY=0 http://esciencenews.com/articles/2010/08/06/the.worst.impact.climate.change.may.be.how.humanity.reacts.it ~~14~~ http://www.foei.org/en/media/archive/2010/developed-countries-attempt-to-launder-aid-money-through-world-bank-and-call-it-climate-funds, http://www.foe.org/un-advisory-group-climate-finance-report-falls-flat, http://www.ituc-csi.org/climate-finance-closing-the.html?lang=en ~~15~~ 2003 Pentagon report: http://www.climate.org/PDF/clim_change_scenario.pdf About the report authors: http://www.historycommons.org/entity.jsp?entity=doug_randall_1 ~~16~~ http://www.indymedia.org/pt/2009/12/932387.shtml More resources: Top 25 Censored Stories: US Department of Defense is the Worst Polluter on the Planet http://www.projectcensored.org/top-stories/articles/2-us-department-of-defense-is-the-worst-polluter-on-the-planet/ Al Jazeera Video: Empire – The new arms race (The world has entered a new arms race, but what justifies this global military addiction?) http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_contentandtask=viewandid=31andItemid=74andjumival=5796 Why large scale biofuels production worsens global warming, not reduce it: www.biofuelwatch.org.uk Cost of War Calculator http://www.stwr.org/special-features/cost-of-war-calculator.html
24 -Militarism, through wars and military actions (overt and covert) around the world
25 -AND
26 -will not accept the death spiral of militarism, war and climate change.
27 -
28 -
29 -====The role of the judge is to endorse the best tangible policy that minimizes oppression ====
30 -Curry 14, Tommy, The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century, Victory Briefs, 2014,
31 -Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real
32 -AND
33 -used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters.
34 -
35 -
36 -===Part 2 is Harms:===
37 -
38 -
39 -====The reasonableness standard of qualified immunity is nearly impossible to overcome in the status quo because it doubles up with the 4th amendement reasonableness standard. ====
40 -Hassel 09, Diana, EXCESSIVE REASONABLENESS, Professor, Roger Williams University School of Law, 2009, https://mckinneylaw.iu.edu/ilr/pdf/vol43p117.pdf
41 -B. Qualified Immunity Meanwhile, the Court was refining the standard for qualified immunity
42 -AND
43 -use of excessive force and qualified immunity—merged into one inquiry.59
44 -
45 -
46 -====The lack of accountability spills over to create a politics of disposability. Neighborhoods become a war zone and state violence is justified. ====
47 -Giroux 16, Henry, The Racist Killing Machine in the Age of Anti-Politics, 2016, http://www.counterpunch.org/2016/07/08/the-racist-killing-machine-in-the-age-of-anti-politics/
48 -The killing machine has become spectacularized, endlessly looped through the mainstream cultural apparatuses both
49 -AND
50 -that views killing those most vulnerable as sport, entertainment, and policy.
51 -
52 -
53 -===Part 3 is the Plan===
54 -
55 -
56 -====Resolved: The United States Supreme Court shall reverse the Harlow V. Fitzgerald ruling, establishing an objective reasonableness standard for qualified immunity for police officers that only applies when there has been a change in the law, not merely a new application of an established doctrine. All decisions in conflict with this ruling shall be declared null and void. ====
57 -
58 -
59 -===Part 4 is Solvency ===
60 -
61 -
62 -====The plan stops the absolute defense of qualified immunity, rupturing state violence and militarism. It also still allows police a limited defense stopping any chilling effect. ====
63 -Hassel 2, Diana, EXCESSIVE REASONABLENESS, Professor, Roger Williams University School of Law, 2009, https://mckinneylaw.iu.edu/ilr/pdf/vol43p117.pdf
64 -The Court's development of the qualified immunity doctrine has stretched the rationale underlying the defense
65 -AND
66 -for the reasonably mistaken officer and will make compensation for the victim possible.
67 -
68 -
69 -====Two more benefits: First, the aff is crucial to repair community relationships====
70 -De Stefan ~~De Stefan, Lindsey, (J.D. Candidate, 2017, Seton Hall University School of Law) "No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2017). Law School Student Scholarship~~
71 -By beginning to mend** the **qualified immunity** doctrine in these ways, **the Court will** **
72 -AND
73 -**be along path to rebuilding the trust that is so crucial.**
74 -
75 -
76 -====AND police accountability is key to fair and effective law enforcement- turns disads====
77 -OJP 16** ~~Office of Justice Programs (Agency of the Department of Justice). "Race, Trust and Police Legitimacy." National Institute of Justice. 14 July 2016.~~ **
78 -Research consistently shows** that **minorities are more likely** than whites **to view law enforcement with
79 -AND
80 -**of the people they serve while controlling crime effectively.**
81 -3:00
82 -
83 -
84 -====Second, qualified immunity permits the structural limitation of minority rights—the aff is key to taking back the judicial system.====
85 -Reinhardt 15**
~~Stephen R. Reinhardt, (Circuit Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.) The Demise of Habeas Corpus and the Rise of Qualified Immunity: The Court's Ever Increasing Limitations on the Development and Enforcement of Constitutional Rights and Some Particularly Unfortunate Consequences, 113 Mich. L. Rev. 1219 (2015)~~ **
86 -**On today's Court, the unbroken march toward** limiting constitutional rights** and remedies **for** criminal **
87 -**AND**
88 -**concern for comity above the constitutional rights to which all persons are entitled.**
89 -
90 -
91 -====Even if insurers absorb the cost, insurance companies will hold the police accountable themselves. ====
92 -Rappaport 16, John, Assistant professor at the University of Chicago Law School, Cops can ignore Black Lives Matter protesters. They can't ignore their insurers, 2016, . https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/cops-can-ignore-black-lives-matter-protesters-they- cant-ignore-their-insurers/2016/05/04/c823334a-01cb-11e6-9d36-33d198ea26c5_story.html
93 -The arrangement creates a potential moral-hazard problem — a risk that insured municipalities
94 -AND
95 -to their underwriters, which therefore have significant leverage over them.
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1 -2016-12-02 05:32:12.0
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1 -Brent Lamb
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1 -Juan Diego Catholic ZS
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1 -NOV DEC - Militarism AC
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1 -==1AC==
2 -
3 -
4 -===1 – War Against Kids===
5 -
6 -
7 -====Police have invaded schools and momentum for funding is still gaining – this has led to increasing use of force and abuse of students – the law is not clearly established so SROs will always get immunity====
8 -**Potter 15** ~~GS Potter; Community activist and educator with a Ph.D. in educational leadership and policy studies from the University of Washington.; 3-16-2015; "How Police Became Part of the Public School System and How to Get Them Out"; http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/33706-how-police-became-part-of-the-public-school-system-and-how-to-get-them-out~~ JC
9 -Between the founding of the first recognized school resource officer program in 1958 and the
10 -AND
11 --wide abuses against students, especially disadvantaged students, across the country.
12 -
13 -
14 -====Qualified immunity for SROs exist in the SQUO====
15 -**Nafday 10** – lawyer working as executive compensation and benefits associate. BS, BA 2005, University of California, Berkeley; JD Candidate 2010, The University of Chicago Law School
16 -(Nafday, Rohit A. "From Sense to Nonsense and Back Again: SRO Immunity, Doctrinal Bait-and-Switch, and a Call for Coherence." The University of Chicago Law Review 77 (847): 2010. https://lawreview.uchicago.edu/sites/lawreview.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/77.2/77-2-SRO20Immunity-Nafday.pdf)
17 -In 1995, after having twice held that SRO employees are entitled to a minimum of qualified immunity in conduct associated with disciplinary proceedings,102 the district court for the Southern District of New York adopted the Austin holding in Mandelbaum v NYMEX. 103
18 -
19 -
20 -====SRO misconduct is rampant – students are choked, tasered, and shot to death with a disproportionate impact on minority and disabled students – it's try or die for the aff====
21 -**Lee 15** ~~Jaeah; Jaeah is a former reporter at Mother Jones. Her writings have appeared in The Atlantic, the Guardian, Wired, Christian Science Monitor, Global Post, Huffington Post, Talking Points Memo, and Grist.; JUL. 14, 2015; "Chokeholds, brain injuries, beatings: Here's what happens when school cops go bad"; http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/05/police-school-resource-officers-k-12-misconduct-violence~~ JC
22 -Over the past year, video footage from around the country of law enforcement officers
23 -AND
24 -training and oversight, and a disproportionate impact on minority and disabled students.
25 -
26 -
27 -====Tasers prove – SROs are brutal====
28 -**Klein 8/1** ~~Rebecca; Editor of education news for The Huffington Post; 8-1-2016; "School-Based Police Are Using Tasers on Students"; http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/37338-set-to-stun~~ JC
29 -This is one of at least 84 incidents of children being Tasered or shot with
30 -AND
31 -184 in 2007. (The department stopped conducting regular surveys after 2009.)
32 -
33 -
34 -===2 – Plan===
35 -
36 -
37 -====Resolved: The United States federal government should abolish qualified immunity for school resource officers.====
38 -**James 16** – Professor of Law Pepperdine University
39 -(James, Bernard and Fhanysha Clark. "Body Worn Cameras: Student Privacy Rights and Video Surveillance." Minnesota Juvenile Officers Association 2016. http://www.mnjoa.org/files/112839109.pdf)
40 -In what other capacities can the SRO serve as a resource for school officials?
41 -AND
42 -of uncertainty over the law and because their commanders will not allow it.
43 -
44 -
45 -====He continues:====
46 -Meanwhile, the duty of school officials to protect students benefits from the clarity of the reasoning provided by the courts in Beward v. Wittaker and Estate of Massey v. City of Philadelphia. Both the federal and the state court agree that educators have an affirmative duty to take all reasonable steps to prevent foreseeable harm to its students, such that educators are not entitled to qualified official immunity for negligent performance of this duty.
47 -
48 -
49 -====The plan is a catalyst for further reform====
50 -**De Stefan 16** Lindsey De Stefan (J.D. Candidate, 2017, Seton Hall University School of Law). "No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2016). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850. http://scholarship.shu.edu/student_scholarship/850 JC
51 -In recent months, it has been impossible to ignore the overwhelming presence of police
52 -AND
53 -step in decreasing the overall incidence of police misconduct in the United States.
54 -
55 -
56 -====Wrongdoing SROs are held accountable – litigation affects conduct regardless of indemnification====
57 -**Rosen 5** Michael M. Rosen (Attorney in San Diego at Fish and Richardson PC, an intellectual property law firm; JD, Harvard Law). "A Qualified Defense: In Support of the Doctrine of Qualified Immunity in Excessive Force Cases, With Some Suggestions for its Improvement." 35GoldenGateU.L.Rev. (2005). http://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/ggulrev/vol35/iss2/2
58 -Of course, this entire edifice hangs on the assumption that law enforcement agents regularly
59 -AND
60 -, in the heat of the moment, whether reasonably or not.59
61 -
62 -
63 -====QI distorts civil rights law – it makes it so the law will never be clearly established====
64 -**Hassel 99** ~~Diana; Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs at Roger Williams University School of Law; "Living a Lie: The Cost of Qualified Immunity"; Missouri Law Review (1999); Available at: http://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/mlr/vol64/iss1/9~~ JC
65 -On the other side of the lawsuit, qualified immunity promises much more to the
66 -AND
67 -should be protected and which we are content not to protect with monetary compensation
68 -
69 -
70 -====Legal actions affect culture-civil rights movement proves====
71 -**Masket 15** SETH MASKET, OCT 5, 2015, "You Can Change Laws Without Changing Hearts and Minds" http://www.psmag.com/politics-and-law/you-can-change-laws-without-changing-hearts-and-minds
72 -In the wake of yet another mass shooting, a rather familiar public debate is
73 -AND
74 -some of those changes have done the country a great deal of good.
75 -
76 -
77 -===3 – Framing===
78 -
79 -
80 -====Current discourse on young people is violent – they are viewed as criminals, public disorders that must be dealt with, and resources for markets. Solving for children's oppression accesses other forms of oppression. GIROUX 15:====
81 -Henry A. Giroux ~| Youth in Authoritarian Times: Challenging Neoliberalism's Politics of Disposability Wednesday, 21 October 2015 00:00 By Henry A. Giroux, Truthout ~| News Analysis
82 -The transformation of the social state into the corporate-controlled punishing state is made
83 -AND
84 -appear to be of little concern to the shameless apostles of permanent war.
85 -
86 -
87 -====Thus, the role of the ballot and judge is to reject oppression with a focus on the youth. More warrants:====
88 -
89 -
90 -====1. Children are particularly excluded and not considered relevant by academics, allowing willful ignorance of violence that costs them their lives. Only a focus on children as an important group can stop systemic structural violence – otherwise all oppression towards them is rendered unseen. GIROUX 2K:====
91 -Public Pedagogy and the Responsibility of Intellectuals: Youth, Littleton, and the Loss of Innocence Henry A. Giroux. jac 20.1 (2000)
92 -Unfortunately, as the post-Littleton debate has clearly shown, educators in a
93 -AND
94 -regarded as a detriment to adult society rather than as a valuable resource.
95 -
96 -
97 -====And, Addressing the material conditions for violence specifically with children is required for the success of symbolic critique. Pure critique is not enough – it must be combined into tangible policy action. GIROUX 2:====
98 -Public Pedagogy and the Responsibility of Intellectuals: Youth, Littleton, and the Loss of Innocence Henry A. Giroux. jac 20.1 (2000)
99 -To address the problems of youth, rigorous educational work must respond to the dilemmas
100 -AND
101 -, unemployment, police brutality, rape, sexual abuse, and racism.
102 -
103 -
104 -====2. Debate is a unique forum for high-schooler's to advocate for children – children are denied participation due to the current structure of society. GODWIN 11:====
105 -Children's Oppression, Rights and Liberation by Samantha Godwin 2011
106 -While childhood similarly marks a stage of life that each of us will pass through
107 -AND
108 -they lack the legal rights to have the opportunity to acquire those means.
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2016-12-04 00:06:25.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Thomas Phung
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Karl G Maeser Preparatory JH
ParentRound
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1 -9
Round
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1 -5
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1 -San Marino Wu Aff
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1 -NOV DEC - Schools AC v2
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1 -Alta
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Cites
... ... @@ -1,114 +1,0 @@
1 -=1ac=
2 -
3 -
4 -===Framing===
5 -
6 -
7 -====The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who better performatively and methodologically resists surveillance. ====
8 -
9 -
10 -====The surveillance state corrupts scholarship through "thoughtcrime" – confronting this is a prior question====
11 -**Steinberg 13** ~~R. Lila Steinberg, PhD student at UCLA; 3-8-2013; "The Premise of Digital Surveillance Precludes Scholarship"; http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/14839-the-premise-of-digital-surveillance-precludes-scholarship~~ JC
12 -However, a new "For Whites Only" or "For Men Only"
13 -AND
14 -prior restraint on the very foundation of scholarship - wide and uncensored inquiry.
15 -
16 -
17 -====Surveillance has invaded public pedagogy, coopting dissent, debate, and critical dialogue, resistance is key to avoid global violence====
18 -**Giroux 14** Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department and a Distinguished Visiting Professorship at Ryerson University ~~Henry, "Totalitarian Paranoia in the Post-Orwellian Surveillance State," Truthout, February 10, 2014, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/21656-totalitarian-paranoia-in-the-post-orwellian-surveillance-state~~
19 -The point of no return in the emergence of the corporate-state surveillance apparatus
20 -AND
21 -the very real threat of violence on both a domestic and global level.
22 -
23 -
24 -==== "The practice of surveillance is both separate and unequal." Minority groups represent the bulk of those targeted ====
25 -**Giroux 14** Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department and a Distinguished Visiting Professorship at Ryerson University ~~Henry, "Totalitarian Paranoia in the Post-Orwellian Surveillance State," Truthout, February 10, 2014, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/21656-totalitarian-paranoia-in-the-post-orwellian-surveillance-state~~ ellipses included in original article
26 -The practice of surveillance is both separate and unequal. ... Welfare recipients ... are
27 -AND
28 -state violence by making an appeal to the necessity of safety and security.
29 -
30 -
31 -====It's try or die – the surveillance state ensures genocide and extinction====
32 -**Saul 15** ~~Quincy, Author, Editor, and Founder of Ecosocialist Horizons, March 23, The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, Truth Out, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/29664-the-four-horsemen-of-the-apocalypse~~
33 -Surveillance States: 1984 has arrived, only 30 years after Orwell predicted. The
34 -AND
35 -to realize it. Time to seize the day and never let go.
36 -
37 -
38 -====The ballot is key - just like voting in system of government, casting a ballot in a debate is an endorsement of material change. Thus, the judge is not just the arbiter of who wins the debate, but is recognized as an agent implementing change on a micropolitical level. ====
39 -**Foucault 81** Michel, 1981, an interview with Libération, "Is it really important to think?" *brackets in original
40 -Liberation: On election night we asked you for your initial reactions. You didn't
41 -AND
42 -relation in which work ~~le travail~~ will have an important role.
43 -
44 -
45 -====Debate should surround material consequences—ideal theories ignore the concrete nature of the world and legitimize oppression.====
46 -**Curry 14** ~~Dr. Tommy J; "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century", Victory Briefs, 2014~~
47 -Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real
48 -AND
49 -economic structures which necessitate tangible policies and reorienting changes in our value orientations.
50 -
51 -
52 -===Contention===
53 -
54 -
55 -====The censorship of online speech enables universities to monitor their students and staff – everything from emails and social media to campus whereabouts. This draws parallels to NSA surveillance, as universities shut down criticism of the surveillance regime. ====
56 -**Perrino 13** ~~Nico; 10-22-2013; "Universities: where you go to learn – and be monitored"; https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/oct/22/online-social-media-surveillance-university-campuses~~ JC
57 -It monitors email and social media accounts, uses thousands of surveillance cameras to track
58 -AND
59 -To roll it back, we must take into account its entire scope.
60 -
61 -
62 -====This debate should center around online speech – it's the core controversy of the topic====
63 -**Creeley and Lukianoff 11** ~~Will Creeley – Director of Legal and Public Advocacy, Foundation for Individual Rights in Education. J.D., New York University School of Law, 2006; B.A., New York University, Gallatin School of Individualized Study, 2003. Greg Lukianoff – President, Foundation for Individual Rights in Education. J.D., Stanford Law School, 2000; B.A., American University, 1996.; "NEW MEDIA, OLD PRINCIPLES: DIGITAL COMMUNICATION AND FREE SPEECH ON CAMPUS"; 5/13/2011; https://www.thefire.org/pdfs/e674c6c95dec401e5a62c9bbc409112c.pdf~~ JC
64 -With every passing year, the longstanding battle over freedom of expression for students at
65 -AND
66 -) or would be protected in society at large (at private colleges).
67 -
68 -
69 -====Thus, I affirm, Resolved: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected online speech.====
70 -**Creeley and Lukianoff 11** ~~Will Creeley – Director of Legal and Public Advocacy, Foundation for Individual Rights in Education. J.D., New York University School of Law, 2006; B.A., New York University, Gallatin School of Individualized Study, 2003. Greg Lukianoff – President, Foundation for Individual Rights in Education. J.D., Stanford Law School, 2000; B.A., American University, 1996.; "NEW MEDIA, OLD PRINCIPLES: DIGITAL COMMUNICATION AND FREE SPEECH ON CAMPUS"; 5/13/2011; https://www.thefire.org/pdfs/e674c6c95dec401e5a62c9bbc409112c.pdf~~ JC
71 -Further, the new visibility of speech offers opportunities for increased understanding and tolerance of
72 -AND
73 -we can begin to resolve the current tension regarding online speech on campus.
74 -
75 -
76 -====The aff solves:====
77 -
78 -
79 -====1~~ Resisting surveillance in education causes a widespread culture shift====
80 -**Taylor 13** ~~Emmeline Taylor; "Surveillance Schools: Security, Discipline and Control in Contemporary Education" (Crime Prevention and Security Management); 2013~~ JC
81 -Upcoming generations will emerge from Surveillance Schools desensitised to, and expectant of, intense
82 -AND
83 -social interaction and nowhere is the surveillance revolution more crystallised than in schools.
84 -
85 -
86 -====2~~ Surveillance uniquely threatens students' freedoms. Criticizing and protesting surveillance both on campus and in debate is vital to civic engagement and social change. ====
87 -**Glaser 14** — April Glaser, Staff Activist at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, 2014 ("17 Student Groups Pen Open Letters on the Toxicity of Mass Surveillance to Academic Freedom," Electronic Frontier Foundation, June 9^^th^^, Available Online at https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2014/06/students-against-surveillance-17-university-groups-pen-open-letters-toxicity-mass)
88 -Students are rising up and fighting to protect our Internet. In response to our
89 -AND
90 -, push for change, and put an end to mass government surveillance.
91 -
92 -
93 -====Students are key – no one else will oppose surveillance. ====
94 -**Tempera 13** — Jackie Tempera, Summer USA Today Collegiate Correspondent, Journalism Student at Emerson College, 2013 ("Viewpoint: Where are the college students protesting NSA surveillance?," USA Today, June 19^^th^^, Available Online at http://college.usatoday.com/2013/06/19/opinion-where-are-the-college-students-protesting-nsa-surveillance/)
95 -The college-age generation has been known as the protesters, the action takers
96 -AND
97 -For all I care, vehemently argue for it — just do something.
98 -
99 -
100 -====3~~ The AFF's critical interrogation and analyses of surveillance is crucial to analyzing the way in which daily life and the body itself has become a feature of securitization—our dissent functions as an unravelling and exposure of dominant power relations ====
101 -**Giroux 14** Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department and a Distinguished Visiting Professorship at Ryerson University ~~Henry, "Totalitarian Paranoia in the Post-Orwellian Surveillance State," Truthout, February 10, 2014, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/21656-totalitarian-paranoia-in-the-post-orwellian-surveillance-state~~
102 -Totalitarian paranoia runs deep in American society, and it now inhabits the highest levels
103 -AND
104 -an educational endeavour and responsibility as it is a political and cultural task.
105 -
106 -
107 -====Pedagogical praxis is key – translating critique into action is key to making education central in political effectiveness.====
108 -**Giroux 14** Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department and a Distinguished Visiting Professorship at Ryerson University ~~Henry, "Totalitarian Paranoia in the Post-Orwellian Surveillance State," Truthout, February 10, 2014, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/21656-totalitarian-paranoia-in-the-post-orwellian-surveillance-state~~
109 -Dissent is crucial to any viable notion of democracy and provides a powerful counterforce to
110 -AND
111 -most evident in the insults and patriotic gore heaped on Manning and Snowden.
112 -
113 -
114 -===UV===
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-01-14 21:14:59.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Varad Agarwala
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Mia Coates
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -10
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -San Marino Wu Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -JAN FEB - Surveillance AC
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Harvard-Westlake
Caselist.RoundClass[5]
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1 -5
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
1 -2016-11-06 04:27:32.0
1 +2016-11-06 04:27:32.695
Caselist.RoundClass[6]
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1 -6,7
EntryDate
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1 -2016-11-14 19:36:24.0
Judge
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1 -ALL
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1 -ALL
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -1
Tournament
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1 -ALL
Caselist.RoundClass[7]
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1 -8
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2016-11-14 19:50:43.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Angus, Munro, Smith
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -West KA
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Doubles
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Damus
Caselist.RoundClass[8]
Cites
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1 -9
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2016-12-02 05:32:10.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Brent Lamb
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Juan Diego Catholic ZS
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Alta
Caselist.RoundClass[9]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -10
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2016-12-04 00:06:23.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Thomas Phung
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Karl G Maeser Preparatory JH
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -5
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Alta
Caselist.RoundClass[10]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -11
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2017-01-14 21:14:58.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Varad Agarwala
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Mia Coates
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Harvard-Westlake
Caselist.CitesClass[2]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,11 @@
1 +Interp—both debaters must disclose at least the following from all AC’s and NC’s read at TOC bid distributing tournaments on the Sept/Oct 2016 nuclear power topic on the NDCA LD wiki: first, complete tag lines to all cards; second, first 3 words and last 3 words of all cards; third, the standard used to delineate what counts as offense and not offense with the claims to the warrants for that standard and fourth, taglines to all evidence read. To clarify, this disclosure must happen within 12 hours of reading the position and only if the tournament provides WIFI access to participants.
2 +
3 +Violation
4 +
5 +Standards
6 +A. Equal playing field
7 +B. Clash
8 +C. Checks back abuse
9 +D. Academic Integrity
10 +
11 +Voters
EntryDate
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1 +2016-10-09 03:46:35.0
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1 +ALL
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1 +ALL
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1 +2
Round
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1 +1
Team
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1 +San Marino Wu Aff
Title
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1 +1 - Theory - Disclose or Lose
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1 +ALL
Caselist.RoundClass[2]
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1 +2
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1 +2016-10-09 03:46:34.0
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