Changes for page San Marino Wu Aff
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,121 @@ 1 +===1 – War Against Kids=== 2 + 3 + 4 +====Police have invaded schools and momentum for funding is still gaining – this has led to increasing use of force and abuse of students – the law is not clearly established so SROs will always get immunity==== 5 +**Potter 15** ~~GS Potter; Community activist and educator with a Ph.D. in educational leadership and policy studies from the University of Washington.; 3-16-2015; "How Police Became Part of the Public School System and How to Get Them Out"; http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/33706-how-police-became-part-of-the-public-school-system-and-how-to-get-them-out~~ JC 6 +Between the founding of the first recognized school resource officer program in 1958 and the 7 +AND 8 +-wide abuses against students, especially disadvantaged students, across the country. 9 + 10 + 11 +====SRO misconduct is rampant – students are choked, tasered, and shot to death – it's try or die for the aff==== 12 +**Lee 15** ~~Jaeah; Jaeah is a former reporter at Mother Jones. Her writings have appeared in The Atlantic, the Guardian, Wired, Christian Science Monitor, Global Post, Huffington Post, Talking Points Memo, and Grist.; JUL. 14, 2015; "Chokeholds, brain injuries, beatings: Here's what happens when school cops go bad"; http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/05/police-school-resource-officers-k-12-misconduct-violence~~ JC 13 +Over the past year, video footage from around the country of law enforcement officers 14 +AND 15 +training and oversight, and a disproportionate impact on minority and disabled students. 16 + 17 + 18 +====Tasers prove – SROs are brutal==== 19 +**Klein 8/1** ~~Rebecca; Editor of education news for The Huffington Post; 8-1-2016; "School-Based Police Are Using Tasers on Students"; http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/37338-set-to-stun~~ JC 20 +This is one of at least 84 incidents of children being Tasered or shot with 21 +AND 22 +184 in 2007. (The department stopped conducting regular surveys after 2009.) 23 + 24 + 25 +====The police state oppresses children in schools==== 26 +**Giroux 15** ~~Henry A.; 11-11-2015; McMaster University Professor for Scholarship in the Public Interest and The Paulo Freire Distinguished Scholar in Critical Pedagogy. He also is a Distinguished Visiting Professor at Ryerson University; "Terrorizing Students: The Criminalization of Children in the US Police State"; http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/33604-terrorizing-students-the-criminalization-of-children-in-the-us-police-state~~ JC 27 +In part, the militarizing of schools and the accompanying surge of police officers are 28 +AND 29 +defined by a culture of fear and an utter distrust of young people? 30 + 31 + 32 +===2 – Plan=== 33 + 34 + 35 +====The United States will abolish qualified immunity for school resource officers ==== 36 + 37 + 38 +====The plan is a catalyst for further reform==== 39 +**De Stefan 16** Lindsey De Stefan (J.D. Candidate, 2017, Seton Hall University School of Law). "No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2016). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850. http://scholarship.shu.edu/student_scholarship/850 JC 40 +In recent months, it has been impossible to ignore the overwhelming presence of police 41 +AND 42 +step in decreasing the overall incidence of police misconduct in the United States. 43 + 44 + 45 +====Wrongdoing SROs are held accountable – litigation affects conduct regardless of indemnification==== 46 +**Rosen 5** Michael M. Rosen (Attorney in San Diego at Fish and Richardson PC, an intellectual property law firm; JD, Harvard Law). "A Qualified Defense: In Support of the Doctrine of Qualified Immunity in Excessive Force Cases, With Some Suggestions for its Improvement." 35GoldenGateU.L.Rev. (2005). http://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/ggulrev/vol35/iss2/2 47 +Of course, this entire edifice hangs on the assumption that law enforcement agents regularly 48 +AND 49 +, in the heat of the moment, whether reasonably or not.59 50 + 51 + 52 +====QI distorts civil rights law – it makes it so the law will never be clearly established==== 53 +**Hassel 99** ~~Diana; Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs at Roger Williams University School of Law; "Living a Lie: The Cost of Qualified Immunity"; Missouri Law Review (1999); Available at: http://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/mlr/vol64/iss1/9~~ JC 54 +On the other side of the lawsuit, qualified immunity promises much more to the 55 +AND 56 +should be protected and which we are content not to protect with monetary compensation 57 + 58 + 59 +====Legal actions affect culture-civil rights movement proves==== 60 +**Masket 15** SETH MASKET, OCT 5, 2015, "You Can Change Laws Without Changing Hearts and Minds" http://www.psmag.com/politics-and-law/you-can-change-laws-without-changing-hearts-and-minds 61 +In the wake of yet another mass shooting, a rather familiar public debate is 62 +AND 63 +some of those changes have done the country a great deal of good. 64 + 65 + 66 +===3 – Framing=== 67 + 68 + 69 +====The judge must resist the imposition of dominant ideology on marginalized groups in educational spaces. TRIFONAS 03:==== 70 +Trifonas, Peter. PEDAGOGIES OF DIFFERENCE: RETHINKING EDUCATION FOR SOCIAL CHANGE. New York, London. 2003. 71 +Domination and subordination, I imply that they are relations of power. In an 72 +AND 73 +is to make the world a better place for us and for our childre 74 + 75 + 76 +====And, current discourse on young people is violent – they are viewed as criminals, public disorders that must be dealt with, and resources for markets. Solving for children's oppression accesses other forms of oppression. GIROUX 15:==== 77 +Henry A. Giroux ~| Youth in Authoritarian Times: Challenging Neoliberalism's Politics of Disposability Wednesday, 21 October 2015 00:00 By Henry A. Giroux, Truthout ~| News Analysis 78 +The transformation of the social state into the corporate-controlled punishing state is made 79 +AND 80 +appear to be of little concern to the shameless apostles of permanent war. 81 + 82 + 83 +====Thus, the role of the ballot and judge is to reject oppression with a focus on the youth. More warrants:==== 84 + 85 + 86 +====1. Children are particularly excluded and not considered relevant by academics, allowing willful ignorance of violence that costs them their lives. Only a focus on children as an important group can stop systemic structural violence – otherwise all oppression towards them is rendered unseen. GIROUX 2K:==== 87 +Public Pedagogy and the Responsibility of Intellectuals: Youth, Littleton, and the Loss of Innocence Henry A. Giroux. jac 20.1 (2000) 88 +Unfortunately, as the post-Littleton debate has clearly shown, educators in a 89 +AND 90 +regarded as a detriment to adult society rather than as a valuable resource. 91 + 92 + 93 +====And, Addressing the material conditions for violence specifically with children is required for the success of symbolic critique. Pure critique is not enough – it must be combined into tangible policy action. GIROUX 2:==== 94 +Public Pedagogy and the Responsibility of Intellectuals: Youth, Littleton, and the Loss of Innocence Henry A. Giroux. jac 20.1 (2000) 95 +To address the problems of youth, rigorous educational work must respond to the dilemmas 96 +AND 97 +, unemployment, police brutality, rape, sexual abuse, and racism. 98 + 99 + 100 +====2. Debate is a unique forum for high-schooler's to advocate for children – children are denied participation due to the current structure of society. GODWIN 11:==== 101 +Children's Oppression, Rights and Liberation by Samantha Godwin 2011 102 +While childhood similarly marks a stage of life that each of us will pass through 103 +AND 104 +they lack the legal rights to have the opportunity to acquire those means. 105 + 106 + 107 +===4 – UV=== 108 + 109 + 110 +====Police immunity is a means of the state to maintain power over society==== 111 +**Internationalist 15** ~~League For The Fourth International; Summer 2015; "Killer Cops, White Supremacists: Racist Terror Stalks Black America"; http://www.internationalist.org/killercopswstalkblackamerica1507.html~~ JC 112 +The entire legal system is based on the recognition that the police are the first 113 +AND 114 +of special decrees, which invest them with a peculiar sanctity and inviolability." 115 + 116 + 117 +====Evaluate arguments using particularity – no "root cause" or sweeping take-outs to our specific claims.==== 118 +**Price 98 **~~(RICHARD PRICE is a former prof in the Department of Anthropology at Yale University. Later, he moved to Johns Hopkins University to found the Department of Anthropology, where he served three terms as chair. A decade of freelance teaching (University of Minnesota, Stanford University, Princeton University, University of Florida, Universidade Federal da Bahia), ensued. This article is co-authored with CHRISTIAN REUS-SMIT – Monash University – European Journal of International Relations Copyright © 1998 via SAGE Publications http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/~~courses/PoliticalScience/661B1/documents/PriceReusSmithCriticalInternatlTheoryConstructivism.pdf)~~ 119 +One of the central departures of critical international theory from positivism is the view that 120 +AND 121 +violates the interpretive ethos of critical international theory than does critical theory itself. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,11 @@ 1 +Interp—both debaters must disclose at least the following from all AC’s and NC’s read at TOC bid distributing tournaments on the Sept/Oct 2016 nuclear power topic on the NDCA LD wiki: first, complete tag lines to all cards; second, first 3 words and last 3 words of all cards; third, the standard used to delineate what counts as offense and not offense with the claims to the warrants for that standard and fourth, taglines to all evidence read. To clarify, this disclosure must happen within 12 hours of reading the position and only if the tournament provides WIFI access to participants. 2 + 3 +Violation 4 + 5 +Standards 6 +A. Equal playing field 7 +B. Clash 8 +C. Checks back abuse 9 +D. Academic Integrity 10 + 11 +Voters - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,3 @@ 1 +Facebook: Kirk Wu 2 +Email: kirk.c.wu@gmail.com 3 +I will probably be more responsive to emails than Facebook messages at tournaments, but you can try to contact me both ways. I can't guarantee that I will see your message before the round though. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,19 @@ 1 +====The aff is a contingent demand on the state that seeks to reform it from within. Totalizing accounts of action ignore complexity and are defeatist – playing the cards we're dealt can make constructive change ==== 2 +Laura** Zanotti 13**, associate professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech., Ph.D. from the University of Washington in 2008 and joined the Purdue University faculty in 2009. "Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World", originally published online 30 December, Sage 3 +Unlike positions that adopt governmentality as a descriptive tool and end up embracing the liberal 4 +AND 5 +ideal social order. It is found instead in multifarious and contingent struggles t 6 + 7 + 8 +====Belief that police are under attack inspires right wing backlash, spurs militia recruitment==== 9 +**Blue 16**, Miranda Blue, July 8, 2016, "Oath Keepers Calls For Establishment Of Militias In Response To Dallas Ambush" Right Wing Watch, http://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/oath-keepers-calls-for-establishment-of-militias-in-response-to-dallas-ambush/ 10 +Stewart Rhodes, the founder of the Oath Keepers, responded today to last night's 11 +AND 12 +lead them toward the only constitutional solution – the revitalization of the militia." 13 + 14 + 15 +====Right-wing militia groups threaten minority groups ==== 16 +**Potok 16**, Mark Potok, United Nations High Commission on Human Rights and University of Chicago, February 17, 2016, "The Year in Hate and Extremism", Southern Poverty Law Center, https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2016/year-hate-and-extremism 17 +The number of hate and antigovernment 'Patriot' groups grew last year, and terrorist 18 +AND 19 +as the country continues to come to terms with its increasing diversity. . - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,95 @@ 1 +===Part 1 is Framework:=== 2 +I affirm—all brackets for offensive language or clarity. 3 + 4 + 5 +==== Welcome to the world where the politics of domestic terrorism has corrupted the very foundations of democracy, a world where the police you are trying to protect kill countless young black children, men, and women. Militarism is rampant in every single aspect of our lives, and it's time to fight back one step at a time. The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater whose advocacy best breaks down militarism. Three warrants—==== 6 + 7 + 8 +====1. Militarism dominates status quo policies, manifesting itself through a politics of disposability that smothers ethical and critical dialogue. Educational spaces are key to fighting back. ==== 9 +Giroux 05, Henry, Held positions at Boston University, Miami University, and Penn State, The Curse of Totalitarianism and The Challenge of Critical Pedagogy, 2005, http://philosophersforchange.org/2015/10/13/the-curse-of-totalitarianism-and-the-challenge-of-critical-pedagogy 10 +The forces of free-market fundamentalism are on the march ushering in a terrifying 11 +AND 12 +all, to make the world a more human dwelling place"?~~7~~ 13 + 14 + 15 +====2. Militarism epistemologically corrupts political thought, meaning the aff is a prior question for other role of the ballots. ==== 16 +Pieterse 07, Jan, professor of sociology at the University of Illinois, Review of International Political Economy, Vol. 14, No. 3, Aug, Political and Economic Brinkmanship, ," p. 473-4 17 +Brinkmanship and producing instability carry several meanings. The American military spends 48 of 18 +AND 19 +the need for postwar planning (Packer, 2005; Lang, 2004). 20 + 21 + 22 +====3. Militarism leads to a laundry list of bad impacts and causes epistemic biasing in favor of false solutions. We have reached the tipping point—the aff is try or die. ==== 23 +CACC 11, Admin, Rejecting Militarism, 2011, Canadians for Emergency action on Climate Change, http://climatesoscanada.org/blog/2011/02/15/rejecting-militarism/, Resources: ~~1~~ http://www.fcnl.org/budget/budget-proposal11.htm ~~2~~ Miriam Pemberton with Jonathan Glyn, Military vs. Climate Security: The 2011 Budgets Compared. Institute for Policy Studies. http://www.ips-dc.org/reports/military_vs_climate_security_the_2011_budgets_compared ~~3~~ Many resources can be found on the various market mechanisms and other false solutions, here: www.climatesos.org/resources ~~4~~ Anita Dancs, Mary Orisich, Suzanne Smith, The Military Costs of Securing Energy (National Priorities Project – October 2008) ~~5~~ http://www.iacenter.org/o/world/climatesummit_pentagon121809/ ~~6~~ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/barry-sanders/the-green-zone-the-worst-_b_70173.html ~~7~~ http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/toxic-legacy-of-us-assault-on-fallujah-worse-than-hiroshima-2034065.html ~~8~~ http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0327-21.htm ~~9~~ http://www.actforclimatejustice.org/2010/03/the-impact-of-militarism-on-climate-change-must-no-longer-be-ignored/ (and personal communication with the author) ~~10~~ http://www.thedailybeast.com/blogs-and-stories/2010-10-27/the-economic-crisis-and-the-hidden-cost-of-the-wars/full/ ~~11~~ http://www.kabulpress.org/my/spip.php?article32304 ~~12~~ http://www.peace-action.org/Peace20Action20Military20Spending20Primer.pdf ~~13~~ Will R. Turner, et al. (2010). Climate change: helping nature survive the human response. Conservation Letters, http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/123523083/abstract?CRETRY=1andSRETRY=0 http://esciencenews.com/articles/2010/08/06/the.worst.impact.climate.change.may.be.how.humanity.reacts.it ~~14~~ http://www.foei.org/en/media/archive/2010/developed-countries-attempt-to-launder-aid-money-through-world-bank-and-call-it-climate-funds, http://www.foe.org/un-advisory-group-climate-finance-report-falls-flat, http://www.ituc-csi.org/climate-finance-closing-the.html?lang=en ~~15~~ 2003 Pentagon report: http://www.climate.org/PDF/clim_change_scenario.pdf About the report authors: http://www.historycommons.org/entity.jsp?entity=doug_randall_1 ~~16~~ http://www.indymedia.org/pt/2009/12/932387.shtml More resources: Top 25 Censored Stories: US Department of Defense is the Worst Polluter on the Planet http://www.projectcensored.org/top-stories/articles/2-us-department-of-defense-is-the-worst-polluter-on-the-planet/ Al Jazeera Video: Empire – The new arms race (The world has entered a new arms race, but what justifies this global military addiction?) http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_contentandtask=viewandid=31andItemid=74andjumival=5796 Why large scale biofuels production worsens global warming, not reduce it: www.biofuelwatch.org.uk Cost of War Calculator http://www.stwr.org/special-features/cost-of-war-calculator.html 24 +Militarism, through wars and military actions (overt and covert) around the world 25 +AND 26 +will not accept the death spiral of militarism, war and climate change. 27 + 28 + 29 +====The role of the judge is to endorse the best tangible policy that minimizes oppression ==== 30 +Curry 14, Tommy, The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century, Victory Briefs, 2014, 31 +Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real 32 +AND 33 +used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters. 34 + 35 + 36 +===Part 2 is Harms:=== 37 + 38 + 39 +====The reasonableness standard of qualified immunity is nearly impossible to overcome in the status quo because it doubles up with the 4th amendement reasonableness standard. ==== 40 +Hassel 09, Diana, EXCESSIVE REASONABLENESS, Professor, Roger Williams University School of Law, 2009, https://mckinneylaw.iu.edu/ilr/pdf/vol43p117.pdf 41 +B. Qualified Immunity Meanwhile, the Court was refining the standard for qualified immunity 42 +AND 43 +use of excessive force and qualified immunity—merged into one inquiry.59 44 + 45 + 46 +====The lack of accountability spills over to create a politics of disposability. Neighborhoods become a war zone and state violence is justified. ==== 47 +Giroux 16, Henry, The Racist Killing Machine in the Age of Anti-Politics, 2016, http://www.counterpunch.org/2016/07/08/the-racist-killing-machine-in-the-age-of-anti-politics/ 48 +The killing machine has become spectacularized, endlessly looped through the mainstream cultural apparatuses both 49 +AND 50 +that views killing those most vulnerable as sport, entertainment, and policy. 51 + 52 + 53 +===Part 3 is the Plan=== 54 + 55 + 56 +====Resolved: The United States Supreme Court shall reverse the Harlow V. Fitzgerald ruling, establishing an objective reasonableness standard for qualified immunity for police officers that only applies when there has been a change in the law, not merely a new application of an established doctrine. All decisions in conflict with this ruling shall be declared null and void. ==== 57 + 58 + 59 +===Part 4 is Solvency === 60 + 61 + 62 +====The plan stops the absolute defense of qualified immunity, rupturing state violence and militarism. It also still allows police a limited defense stopping any chilling effect. ==== 63 +Hassel 2, Diana, EXCESSIVE REASONABLENESS, Professor, Roger Williams University School of Law, 2009, https://mckinneylaw.iu.edu/ilr/pdf/vol43p117.pdf 64 +The Court's development of the qualified immunity doctrine has stretched the rationale underlying the defense 65 +AND 66 +for the reasonably mistaken officer and will make compensation for the victim possible. 67 + 68 + 69 +====Two more benefits: First, the aff is crucial to repair community relationships==== 70 +De Stefan ~~De Stefan, Lindsey, (J.D. Candidate, 2017, Seton Hall University School of Law) "No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2017). Law School Student Scholarship~~ 71 +By beginning to mend** the **qualified immunity** doctrine in these ways, **the Court will** ** 72 +AND 73 +**be along path to rebuilding the trust that is so crucial.** 74 + 75 + 76 +====AND police accountability is key to fair and effective law enforcement- turns disads==== 77 +OJP 16** ~~Office of Justice Programs (Agency of the Department of Justice). "Race, Trust and Police Legitimacy." National Institute of Justice. 14 July 2016.~~ ** 78 +Research consistently shows** that **minorities are more likely** than whites **to view law enforcement with 79 +AND 80 +**of the people they serve while controlling crime effectively.** 81 +3:00 82 + 83 + 84 +====Second, qualified immunity permits the structural limitation of minority rights—the aff is key to taking back the judicial system.==== 85 +Reinhardt 15** ~~Stephen R. Reinhardt, (Circuit Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.) The Demise of Habeas Corpus and the Rise of Qualified Immunity: The Court's Ever Increasing Limitations on the Development and Enforcement of Constitutional Rights and Some Particularly Unfortunate Consequences, 113 Mich. L. Rev. 1219 (2015)~~ ** 86 +**On today's Court, the unbroken march toward** limiting constitutional rights** and remedies **for** criminal ** 87 +**AND** 88 +**concern for comity above the constitutional rights to which all persons are entitled.** 89 + 90 + 91 +====Even if insurers absorb the cost, insurance companies will hold the police accountable themselves. ==== 92 +Rappaport 16, John, Assistant professor at the University of Chicago Law School, Cops can ignore Black Lives Matter protesters. They can't ignore their insurers, 2016, . https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/cops-can-ignore-black-lives-matter-protesters-they- cant-ignore-their-insurers/2016/05/04/c823334a-01cb-11e6-9d36-33d198ea26c5_story.html 93 +The arrangement creates a potential moral-hazard problem — a risk that insured municipalities 94 +AND 95 +to their underwriters, which therefore have significant leverage over them. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2016-12-02 05:32:10.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Brent Lamb - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Juan Diego Catholic ZS - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Alta