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... ... @@ -15,9 +15,12 @@ 15 15 ====AND, Discursive autonomy is a prior question. Complacency in language render us unintelligible. 16 16 Agamben 2K (Giorgio, professor of philosophy at the College International de Philosophie in Paris, Means Without End: Notes on Politics, p. 95-97) ED 17 17 ==== 18 -If what human beings had to communicate to each other were always and only something, there would never be politics properly speaking, but only exchange and con¬flict, signals and answers. But because what human be¬ings have to communicate to each other is above all a pure communicability (that is, language), politics then arises as the communicative emptiness in which the hu¬man face emerges as such. It is precisely this empty space that politicians and the media establishment are trying to be sure to control, by keeping it separate in a sphere that guarantees its unseizability and by preventing com¬municativity itself from coming to light. This means that an integrated Marxian analysis should take into consid¬eration the fact that capitalism (or whatever other name we might want to give to the process dominating world history today) not only was directed to the expropria¬tion of productive activity, but was also and above all directed to the alienation of language itself, of the com¬municative nature of human beings. Inasmuch as it is nothing but pure communicability, every human face, even the most noble and beautiful, is always suspended on the edge of an abyss. This is pre¬cisely why the most delicate and graceful faces some¬times look as if they might suddenly decompose, thus letting the shapeless and bottomless background that threatens them emerge. But this amorphous background is nothing else than the opening itself and communica¬bility itself inasmuch as they are constituted as their own presuppositions as if they were a thing. The only face to remain uninjured is the one capable of taking the abyss of its own communicability upon itself and of exposing it without fear or complacency. This is why the face contracts into an expression, stiff¬ens into a character, and thus sinks further and further into itself. As soon as the face realizes that communica¬bility is all that it is and hence that it has nothing to ex¬press — thus withdrawing silently behind itself, inside its own mute identity—it turns into a grimace, which is what one calls character. Character is the constitutive ret¬icence that human beings retain in the word; but what one has to take possession of here is only a nonlatency, a pure visibility: simply a visage. The face is not some¬thing that transcends the visage: it is the exposition of the visage in all its nudity, it is a victory over charac¬ter—it is word. 19 19 19 +If what human beings had to communicate 20 +AND 21 +a victory over charac¬ter—it is word. 20 20 23 + 21 21 ====AND, The debate space is necessary to challenge harmful discourses.==== 22 22 **Shanahan 93** William Shanahan (Ft. Hays State University, Kansas) "kritik of thinking" Debater's Research Guide, Health Care Policy, 1993 http://groups.wfu.edu/debate/MiscSites/DRGArticles/Shanahan1993HealthCare.htm 23 23 Policy has a stranglehold on debate worthy of any NYC transit cop. Argument must - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,43 +1,129 @@ 1 -= ==CourtClog DA===1 +=SCHOOLS AC= 2 2 3 3 4 -====Courts are overworked in the squo—judges are at the edge and one big push collapses the judiciary.==== 5 -**Gersham 15** Jacob Gershman "Federal Judge Says His Overworked Colleagues Bench Close to Burnout" Wall Street Journal November 12^^th^^ 2015 6 -Judges in federal trial courts have for some time expressed concern about the ever- 4 +==1AC== 5 + 6 + 7 +===1 – War Against Kids=== 8 + 9 + 10 +====Police have invaded schools and momentum for funding is still gaining – this has led to increasing use of force and abuse of students – the law is not clearly established so SROs will always get immunity==== 11 +**Potter 15** ~~GS Potter; Community activist and educator with a Ph.D. in educational leadership and policy studies from the University of Washington.; 3-16-2015; "How Police Became Part of the Public School System and How to Get Them Out"; http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/33706-how-police-became-part-of-the-public-school-system-and-how-to-get-them-out~~ JC 12 +Between the founding of the first recognized school resource officer program in 1958 and the 7 7 AND 8 - growing ones),butefforts tohiremorejudgeshavemetpoliticalresistance.14 +-wide abuses against students, especially disadvantaged students, across the country. 9 9 10 10 11 -====Qualified immunity is a large part of case selection – deters lawyers from taking certain cases. ==== 12 -**Reinert 11**, Alexander. "Does Qualified Immunity Matter?." University of St. Thomas Law Journal Vol 8 Issue 3. 2011. Web. October 06, 2016. http://ir.stthomas.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1261andcontext=ustlj. 13 -The data are limited and anecdotal in nature, but assuming these results are representative 17 +====Qualified immunity for SROs exist in the SQUO==== 18 +**Nafday 10** – lawyer working as executive compensation and benefits associate. BS, BA 2005, University of California, Berkeley; JD Candidate 2010, The University of Chicago Law School 19 +(Nafday, Rohit A. "From Sense to Nonsense and Back Again: SRO Immunity, Doctrinal Bait-and-Switch, and a Call for Coherence." The University of Chicago Law Review 77 (847): 2010. https://lawreview.uchicago.edu/sites/lawreview.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/77.2/77-2-SRO20Immunity-Nafday.pdf) 20 +In 1995, after having twice 14 14 AND 15 - the plaintiff'sattorney thinks that the qualifiedimmunity defense willultimatelyberejected.22 +in Mandelbaum v NYMEX. 103 16 16 17 17 18 -====S tandardssetbythecourtunderQI makeit easierto dismissfrivlitigation====19 -** Cotrell94**,Eric."CivilRightsPlaintiffs,CloggedCourts,AndTheFederalRulesofCivilProcedure:TheSupremeCourt."North CarolinaLawReviewVolume74 Number4.April01, 1994.Web. October06,2016.http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3547andcontext=nclr.20 - Although Leatherman\'sbanonheightenedstandardsmay be consistentwiththeCourt\25 +====SRO misconduct is rampant – students are choked, tasered, and shot to death – it's try or die for the aff==== 26 +**Lee 15** ~~Jaeah; Jaeah is a former reporter at Mother Jones. Her writings have appeared in The Atlantic, the Guardian, Wired, Christian Science Monitor, Global Post, Huffington Post, Talking Points Memo, and Grist.; JUL. 14, 2015; "Chokeholds, brain injuries, beatings: Here's what happens when school cops go bad"; http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/05/police-school-resource-officers-k-12-misconduct-violence~~ JC 27 +Over the past year, video footage from around the country of law enforcement officers 21 21 AND 22 - frivolous civil rightssuits-contrary to an overlybroad interpretation ofLeatherman.29 +training and oversight, and a disproportionate impact on minority and disabled students. 23 23 24 24 25 -==== Court clog collapsesthe federal judiciary —overburdensdockets,expansioncan't keeppace====26 -** Oakley96**(John,Distinguished Professor ofLaw Emeritusatthe UniversityofCaliforniaDavis, "TheMythofCost-FreeJurisdictionalReallocation," TheAnnalsof the AmericanAcademyof Political andSocial Science,Volume 543, p. 52—63,http://www.jstor.org/stable/104844727 - Personaleffects:Thehiddencosts ofgreaterworkloads. Thehallmark of federaljustice32 +====Tasers prove – SROs are brutal==== 33 +**Klein 8/1** ~~Rebecca; Editor of education news for The Huffington Post; 8-1-2016; "School-Based Police Are Using Tasers on Students"; http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/37338-set-to-stun~~ JC 34 +This is one of at least 84 incidents of children being Tasered or shot with 28 28 AND 29 - jurisdictionwouldraise the most serious questionsof thefuturecourseofthenation36 +184 in 2007. (The department stopped conducting regular surveys after 2009.) 30 30 31 31 32 -==== Separationofpower solves unaccountabledecisionsto gotowar– causesextinction.====33 -** Adler96**(David,professorofpoliticalscience atIdahoState,TheConstitutionandConduct ofAmericanForeignPolicy, p. 23-25)34 - Thestructureof shared powersinforeignrelationsservestodetertheabuseof power39 +====The police state oppresses children in schools==== 40 +**Giroux 15** ~~Henry A.; 11-11-2015; McMaster University Professor for Scholarship in the Public Interest and The Paulo Freire Distinguished Scholar in Critical Pedagogy. He also is a Distinguished Visiting Professor at Ryerson University; "Terrorizing Students: The Criminalization of Children in the US Police State"; http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/33604-terrorizing-students-the-criminalization-of-children-in-the-us-police-state~~ JC 41 +In part, the militarizing of schools and the accompanying surge of police officers are 35 35 AND 36 - valuesincomparisonto those oftheAmericanpeopleandtheirrepresentativesinCongress43 +defined by a culture of fear and an utter distrust of young people? 37 37 38 38 39 -====Moral uncertainty means we should prevent extinction ==== 40 -**Bostrom 12** ~~Nick Bostrom. Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School University of Oxford. "Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority." Global Policy (2012)~~ 41 -These reflections on moral uncertainty suggest an alternative, complementary way of looking at existential 46 +===2 – Plan=== 47 + 48 + 49 +====Resolved: The United States federal government should abolish qualified immunity for school resource officers.==== 50 +**James 16** – Professor of Law Pepperdine University 51 +(James, Bernard and Fhanysha Clark. "Body Worn Cameras: Student Privacy Rights and Video Surveillance." Minnesota Juvenile Officers Association 2016. http://www.mnjoa.org/files/112839109.pdf) 52 +In what other capacities can the SRO serve as a resource for school officials? 42 42 AND 43 -of value. To do this, we must prevent any existential catastrophe. 54 +of uncertainty over the law and because their commanders will not allow it. 55 + 56 + 57 +====He continues:==== 58 +Meanwhile, the duty of school 59 +AND 60 +educators are not entitled to qualified official immunity for negligent performance of this duty. 61 + 62 + 63 +====The plan is a catalyst for further reform==== 64 +**De Stefan 16** Lindsey De Stefan (J.D. Candidate, 2017, Seton Hall University School of Law). "No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2016). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850. http://scholarship.shu.edu/student_scholarship/850 JC 65 +In recent months, it has been impossible to ignore the overwhelming presence of police 66 +AND 67 +step in decreasing the overall incidence of police misconduct in the United States. 68 + 69 + 70 +====Wrongdoing SROs are held accountable – litigation affects conduct regardless of indemnification==== 71 +**Rosen 5** Michael M. Rosen (Attorney in San Diego at Fish and Richardson PC, an intellectual property law firm; JD, Harvard Law). "A Qualified Defense: In Support of the Doctrine of Qualified Immunity in Excessive Force Cases, With Some Suggestions for its Improvement." 35GoldenGateU.L.Rev. (2005). http://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/ggulrev/vol35/iss2/2 72 +Of course, this entire edifice hangs on the assumption that law enforcement agents regularly 73 +AND 74 +, in the heat of the moment, whether reasonably or not.59 75 + 76 + 77 +====QI distorts civil rights law – it makes it so the law will never be clearly established==== 78 +**Hassel 99** ~~Diana; Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs at Roger Williams University School of Law; "Living a Lie: The Cost of Qualified Immunity"; Missouri Law Review (1999); Available at: http://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/mlr/vol64/iss1/9~~ JC 79 +On the other side of the lawsuit, qualified immunity promises much more to the 80 +AND 81 +should be protected and which we are content not to protect with monetary compensation 82 + 83 + 84 +====Legal actions affect culture-civil rights movement proves==== 85 +**Masket 15** SETH MASKET, OCT 5, 2015, "You Can Change Laws Without Changing Hearts and Minds" http://www.psmag.com/politics-and-law/you-can-change-laws-without-changing-hearts-and-minds 86 +In the wake of yet another mass shooting, a rather familiar public debate is 87 +AND 88 +some of those changes have done the country a great deal of good. 89 + 90 + 91 +===3 – Framing=== 92 + 93 + 94 +====The judge must resist the imposition of dominant ideology on marginalized groups in educational spaces. TRIFONAS 03:==== 95 +Trifonas, Peter. PEDAGOGIES OF DIFFERENCE: RETHINKING EDUCATION FOR SOCIAL CHANGE. New York, London. 2003. 96 +Domination and subordination, I imply that they are relations of power. In an 97 +AND 98 +is to make the world a better place for us and for our childre 99 + 100 + 101 +====And, current discourse on young people is violent – they are viewed as criminals, public disorders that must be dealt with, and resources for markets. Solving for children's oppression accesses other forms of oppression. GIROUX 15:==== 102 +Henry A. Giroux ~| Youth in Authoritarian Times: Challenging Neoliberalism's Politics of Disposability Wednesday, 21 October 2015 00:00 By Henry A. Giroux, Truthout ~| News Analysis 103 +The transformation of the social state into the corporate-controlled punishing state is made 104 +AND 105 +appear to be of little concern to the shameless apostles of permanent war. 106 + 107 + 108 +====Thus, the role of the ballot and judge is to reject oppression with a focus on the youth. More warrants:==== 109 + 110 + 111 +====1. Children are particularly excluded and not considered relevant by academics, allowing willful ignorance of violence that costs them their lives. Only a focus on children as an important group can stop systemic structural violence – otherwise all oppression towards them is rendered unseen. GIROUX 2K:==== 112 +Public Pedagogy and the Responsibility of Intellectuals: Youth, Littleton, and the Loss of Innocence Henry A. Giroux. jac 20.1 (2000) 113 +Unfortunately, as the post-Littleton debate has clearly shown, educators in a 114 +AND 115 +regarded as a detriment to adult society rather than as a valuable resource. 116 + 117 + 118 +====And, Addressing the material conditions for violence specifically with children is required for the success of symbolic critique. Pure critique is not enough – it must be combined into tangible policy action. GIROUX 2:==== 119 +Public Pedagogy and the Responsibility of Intellectuals: Youth, Littleton, and the Loss of Innocence Henry A. Giroux. jac 20.1 (2000) 120 +To address the problems of youth, rigorous educational work must respond to the dilemmas 121 +AND 122 +, unemployment, police brutality, rape, sexual abuse, and racism. 123 + 124 + 125 +====2. Debate is a unique forum for high-schooler's to advocate for children – children are denied participation due to the current structure of society. GODWIN 11:==== 126 +Children's Oppression, Rights and Liberation by Samantha Godwin 2011 127 +While childhood similarly marks a stage of life that each of us will pass through 128 +AND 129 +they lack the legal rights to have the opportunity to acquire those means. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,29 +1,80 @@ 1 -===Early Intervention=== 1 +Part 1 is Critical Pedagogy 2 +We are in an age of organized forgetting; social elites erase critical reflection on painful history to paint history with bigoted narratives that breed racialized violence and fragment any class-based social movement. Evans and Giroux 16: 2 2 4 +~Brad Evans (senior lecturer in international relations at the University of Bristol in England) interviews Henry Giroux (American and Canadian scholar and cultural critic. One of the founding theorists of critical pedagogy in the United States, he is best known for his pioneering work in public pedagogy), "The Violence of Forgetting" The New York Times. June 20, 2016. http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/20/opinion/the-violence-of-forgetting.html?_r=1~~ SF 5 +Unfortunately, we live at a moment in which ignorance appears to be one of 6 +AND 7 +counter these tragic and terrifying conditions without retreating into security or military mindsets? 8 +Knowledge is central to any schema of power. Public education's content and accessibility shape the basis of political agency and social worth. A critical model of public, higher education is necessary to recreate genuine democratic discourse. Evans and Giroux 2: 3 3 4 -====Text: The US Department of Justice will require that ~~police departments~~ implement early intervention systems==== 5 -**Campaign Zero no date clarifies the advocacy** ~~Campaign Zero; Campaign ZERO was developed with contributions from activists, protesters and researchers across the nation. This data-informed platform presents comprehensive solutions to end police violence in America. It integrates community demands and policy recommendations from research organizations and the President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing; "Limit Use of Force"; http://www.joincampaignzero.org/force~~ JC 6 -A. Report all uses of force to a database with information on related injuries 10 +I begin with the assumption that education is fundamental to democracy 7 7 AND 8 -these officers from serving as police officers, teachers or other governmental employees. 12 + responsibility from society's moral registers and ethical commitments. 13 +Critical pedagogy demands unsettling education. Motivation for liberation requires regaling the suffering of the past through critical analysis. They embody the privilege of high academia to avert their eyes from reality. Evans and Giroux 3: 9 9 15 +~Brad Evans (senior lecturer in international relations at the University of Bristol in England) interviews Henry Giroux (American and Canadian scholar and cultural critic. One of the founding theorists of critical pedagogy in the United States, he is best known for his pioneering work in public pedagogy), "The Violence of Forgetting" The New York Times. June 20, 2016. http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/20/opinion/the-violence-of-forgetting.html?_r=1~~ SF 16 +There is a growing culture of conformity and quietism on university campuses, made evident 17 +AND 18 +emotional response that substitutes a therapeutic language for a political and worldly one. 19 +Your role as a public intellectual is to vote for the debater who best challenges the grammar of neoliberalism. Authentic critical pedagogy requires structural analysis of political language as a social tool meant to quarantine radical thought. Giroux 11: 10 10 11 -====EI programs are seen as unneeded – the CP is key to expanding their use==== 12 -**Ceriale 16** ~~Matthew A.; University of Central Florida; "Early Intervention Systems: An Evaluative Review of Their History and Use" (2016); Honors in the Major Theses; Paper 32; http://stars.library.ucf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1032andamp;context=honorstheses~~ JC 13 -EI systems have been listed as a best practice and highly effective both in case 21 +~Henry Giroux (American and Canadian scholar and cultural critic. One of the founding theorists of critical pedagogy in the United States, he is best known for his pioneering work in public pedagogy), "Occupy Colleges Now: Students as the New Public Intellectuals", Truthout. 11/21/11. http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/5046:occupy-colleges-now—students-as-the-new-public-intellectuals~ 22 +Finding our way to a more humane future demands a new politics, a new 14 14 AND 15 -systems so that it can then move forward to improving and enlarging them. 24 +a public intellectual as both a matter of social responsibility and political urgency. 25 +Part 2 is the History Lesson 26 +Trump's election was the biggest liberal jaw-dropper since Sarah Palin's political existence, but why the surprisevEdsall 16: 16 16 28 +~Thomas B. Edsall (Tom Edsall has been teaching political journalism at Columbia University since 2006. His column on strategic and demographic trends in American politics appears every Thursday. He has been a weekly contributor to The Times online Opinion Pages since 2011.), "The Not-So-Silent White Majority" The New York Times. Nov 17, 2016. http://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/17/opinion/the-not-so-silent-white-majority.html?_r=0~~ SF 29 +Between Richard Nixon's election by the silent majority in 1968 and Donald Trump's stunning victory 30 +AND 31 +Party insurgents of 2010; and now the triumphant Trump Republicans of 2016. 32 +Our best universities could not predict this election because liberal academia refused the existence of desperate, poor white voters – discourse is necessary to revise the historical narratives that breed lower class racism. Rivera 16: 17 17 18 -====CP solves the aff – it's empirically successful and the police themselves support it==== 19 -**Walker et al 1** ~~"Early Warning Systems: Responding to the Problem Police Officer"; Samuel Walker, Geoffrey P. Alpert, and Dennis J. Kenney; July 2001; U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice; https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/188565.pdf~~ JC 20 -Early warning systems appear to have a dramatic effect on reducing citizen complaints and other 34 +~Rafael Rivera (EC student at Harvard Business School, worked for McKinsey and Co in Mexico city, Mumbai, and Dubai, and for the World Bank in Cambodia), "The 'Silent Majority' And The Triumph of Donald Trump" The Huffington Post. Nov 10, 2016. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/the-harbus/the-silent-majority-and-t_b_12901262.html~~ SF 35 +Against all odds and expectations, Donald Trump won the presidential election to become the 21 21 AND 22 -abstract, moralistic, or otherwise unrelated to practical aspects of police work. 37 +education. It is time to act before we are forced to listen. 38 +Nixon's Silent Majority is evolving and their new enemy is academia – the white middle class will remain "ignorant and racist" until liberal academia opens up to include their voices. Seaford 16: 23 23 40 +~Artemis Seaford (J.D./Ph.D. student in Political Science at Stanford University), "Liberal Academia in Donald Trump's World" The American Interest. 11/11/16. http://www.the-american-interest.com/2016/11/11/liberal-academia-in-donald-trumps-world/~~ SF 41 +Once we process this grief, it will be time to reflect on what happened 42 +AND 43 +trying in vain to attract the attention of an ever-elusive world. 44 +Therefore we affirm the resolution as a merger of social groups into a site of free and critical examination. Only wholly inclusive education can change hegemonic historical narratives that sustain social hierarchy and establish genuine democracy. Coles 14: 24 24 25 -====Increases accountability – wrongdoing police get punished==== 26 -**Harris 12** ~~David A.; Professor of Law, University of Pittsburgh School of Law; "How Accountability-Based Policing Can Reinforce— Or Replace—The Fourth Amendment Exclusionary Rule"; OHIO STATE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW Vol 7: 149; http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/students/groups/osjcl/files/2012/05/Harris-FinalPDF.pdf~~ JC 27 -In some departments, such as the Pittsburgh Police Bureau,75 chiefs hold periodic 46 +~Tait Coles (vice principal at Dixons City Academy in Bradford, published author), "Critical pedagogy: schools must equip students to challenge the status quo" The Guardian. Feb 25, 2014. https://www.theguardian.com/teacher-network/teacher-blog/2014/feb/25/critical-pedagogy-schools-students-challenge~~ SF 47 +Students need the freedom and encouragement to determine and discover who they are and to 28 28 AND 29 -. Thus, compliance with rules and standards set by the organization increases. 49 +one that we must all strive for as the moral purpose of education. 50 +We control uniqueness 100. The alt-right is talking now more than ever and the Trump election means that they have grounding. Bubbles can't beat fascists, only engagement can. Harkinson 16: 51 + 52 +~Josh Harkinson, (reporter for mother jones), "The Push to Enlist "Alt-Right" Recruits on College Campuses," December 6, 2016, http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/12/richard-spencer-alt-right-college-activism~~ 53 +How much support is there for the loose-knit coalition of white nationalists and 54 +AND 55 +, Damigo and more than two dozen Identity Evropa members attended Spencer's conference. 56 +We can't turn a blind eye to the language of fascists. It has infected the media as an indisputable social plague, that requires confrontation. Roberts 16: 57 + 58 +~Stephen Roberts (writer for political storm), "The Alt-Right: the Good, the Bad, the Ugly," December 2, 2016, http://www.politicalstorm.com/alt-right-good-bad-ugly~~ SF 59 +The ugly. There is also a virulent strain of white supremacism at work within 60 +AND 61 +," for example—she is peddling those virulent views into the mainstream. 62 +Promoting student protests is key to the reclamation of the educational space from neoliberalism. Delgado and Ross 16: 63 +~Sandra Delgado (doctoral student in curriculum studies at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada) and E. Wayne Ross (Professor in the Faculty of Education at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada), "Students in Revolt: The Pedagogical Potential of Student Collective Action in the Age of the Corporate University" Academia.edu. 2016~ SF 64 + 65 +As students' collective actions keep gaining more political relevance, student and university movements also establish 66 +AND 67 +and subaltern), in the production of subjectivities, (and) in the transformation of collective practices" 68 +Student protests spill over to large scale social movements. Curwen 15: 69 +~Thomas Curwen, Jason Song and Larry Gordon (Award winning journalists who all specialize in higher education), "What's different about the latest wave of college activism," LA Times, 11/18/2015~ SF 70 + 71 +Although some of the strategies may seem familiar, it is the speed and the urgency of today's 72 +AND 73 +incidents of intolerance and racial inequity on the streets of America. 74 +Underview 75 +liberal identity politics has been commodified by the white supremacists of the alt right. There has never been a praxis for identity politics except one for winning internet arguments — it's time to abandon it for broad movements against neoliberalism. Haider 17: 76 + 77 +(Shuja Haider is a contributing editor at Viewpoint. "Safety Pins and Swastikas." Jacobin Mag. LEFC Jan 5, 2017) 78 +White nationalists aren't too bothered by protests of cultural appropriation, given their claim that 79 +AND 80 +position for a nation at war: being unable to identify the enemy. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,105 @@ 1 +===Framing=== 2 + 3 + 4 +====The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who better performatively and methodologically resists surveillance.==== 5 + 6 + 7 +====The surveillance state corrupts scholarship through "thoughtcrime" – confronting this is a prior question==== 8 +**Steinberg 13** ~~R. Lila Steinberg, PhD student at UCLA; 3-8-2013; "fThe Premise of Digital Surveillance Precludes Scholarship"; http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/14839-the-premise-of-digital-surveillance-precludes-scholarship~~ JC 9 +However, a new "For Whites Only" or "For Men Only" 10 +AND 11 +prior restraint on the very foundation of scholarship - wide and uncensored inquiry. 12 + 13 + 14 +====Surveillance has invaded public pedagogy, coopting dissent, debate, and critical dialogue, resistance is key to avoid global violence==== 15 +**Giroux 14** Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department and a Distinguished Visiting Professorship at Ryerson University ~~Henry, "Totalitarian Paranoia in the Post-Orwellian Surveillance State," Truthout, February 10, 2014, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/21656-totalitarian-paranoia-in-the-post-orwellian-surveillance-state~~ 16 +The point of no return in the emergence of the corporate-state surveillance apparatus 17 +AND 18 +the very real threat of violence on both a domestic and global level. 19 + 20 + 21 +==== "The practice of surveillance is both separate and unequal." Minority groups represent the bulk of those targeted ==== 22 +**Giroux 14** Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department and a Distinguished Visiting Professorship at Ryerson University ~~Henry, "Totalitarian Paranoia in the Post-Orwellian Surveillance State," Truthout, February 10, 2014, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/21656-totalitarian-paranoia-in-the-post-orwellian-surveillance-state~~ ellipses included in original article 23 +The practice of surveillance is both separate and unequal. ... Welfare recipients ... are 24 +AND 25 +state violence by making an appeal to the necessity of safety and security. 26 + 27 + 28 +====It's try or die – the surveillance state ensures genocide and extinction==== 29 +**Saul 15** ~~Quincy, Author, Editor, and Founder of Ecosocialist Horizons, March 23, The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, Truth Out, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/29664-the-four-horsemen-of-the-apocalypse~~ 30 +Surveillance States: 1984 has arrived, only 30 years after Orwell predicted. The 31 +AND 32 +to realize it. Time to seize the day and never let go. 33 + 34 + 35 +====The ballot is key - just like voting in system of government, casting a ballot in a debate is an endorsement of material change. Thus, the judge is not just the arbiter of who wins the debate, but is recognized as an agent implementing change on a micropolitical level. ==== 36 +**Foucault 81** Michel, 1981, an interview with Libération, "Is it really important to think?" *brackets in original 37 +Liberation: On election night we asked you for your initial reactions. You didn't 38 +AND 39 +relation in which work ~~le travail~~ will have an important role. 40 + 41 + 42 +====Debate should surround material consequences—ideal theories ignore the concrete nature of the world and legitimize oppression.==== 43 +**Curry 14** ~~Dr. Tommy J; "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century", Victory Briefs, 2014~~ 44 +Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real 45 +AND 46 +economic structures which necessitate tangible policies and reorienting changes in our value orientations. 47 + 48 + 49 +===Offense=== 50 + 51 + 52 +====This debate should center around online speech – it's the core controversy of the topic==== 53 +**Creeley and Lukianoff 11** ~~Will Creeley – Director of Legal and Public Advocacy, Foundation for Individual Rights in Education. J.D., New York University School of Law, 2006; B.A., New York University, Gallatin School of Individualized Study, 2003. Greg Lukianoff – President, Foundation for Individual Rights in Education. J.D., Stanford Law School, 2000; B.A., American University, 1996.; "NEW MEDIA, OLD PRINCIPLES: DIGITAL COMMUNICATION AND FREE SPEECH ON CAMPUS"; 5/13/2011; https://www.thefire.org/pdfs/e674c6c95dec401e5a62c9bbc409112c.pdf~~ JC 54 +With every passing year, the longstanding battle over freedom of expression for students at 55 +AND 56 +) or would be protected in society at large (at private colleges). 57 + 58 + 59 +====Thus the plan – Resolved: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected online speech.==== 60 +**Creeley and Lukianoff 11** ~~Will Creeley – Director of Legal and Public Advocacy, Foundation for Individual Rights in Education. J.D., New York University School of Law, 2006; B.A., New York University, Gallatin School of Individualized Study, 2003. Greg Lukianoff – President, Foundation for Individual Rights in Education. J.D., Stanford Law School, 2000; B.A., American University, 1996.; "NEW MEDIA, OLD PRINCIPLES: DIGITAL COMMUNICATION AND FREE SPEECH ON CAMPUS"; 5/13/2011; https://www.thefire.org/pdfs/e674c6c95dec401e5a62c9bbc409112c.pdf~~ JC 61 +Further, the new visibility of speech offers opportunities for increased understanding and tolerance of 62 +AND 63 +we can begin to resolve the current tension regarding online speech on campus. 64 + 65 + 66 +====The censorship of online speech enables universities to monitor their students and staff – everything from emails and social media to campus whereabouts. This draws parallels to NSA surveillance, as universities shut down criticism of the surveillance regime. ==== 67 +**Perrino 13** ~~Nico; 10-22-2013; "Universities: where you go to learn – and be monitored"; https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/oct/22/online-social-media-surveillance-university-campuses~~ JC 68 +It monitors email and social media accounts, uses thousands of surveillance cameras to track 69 +AND 70 +To roll it back, we must take into account its entire scope. 71 + 72 + 73 +====Speech restriction sets a dangerous precedent that enables endless exceptions to the First Amendment.==== 74 +**White 16** ~~Ken White (attorney), 11-29-2016, "Lawsplainer: Why Flag Burning Matters, And How It Relates To Crush Videos", https://www.popehat.com/2016/11/29/lawsplainer-why-flag-burning-matters-and-how-it-relates-to-crush-videos/~~ 75 +It's significant because of the way the government defended the statute. The government's lead 76 +AND 77 +." Marbury v. Madison , 1 Cranch 137, 178 (1803). 78 + 79 + 80 +====Resisting surveillance in education causes a widespread culture shift==== 81 +**Taylor 13** ~~Emmeline Taylor; "Surveillance Schools: Security, Discipline and Control in Contemporary Education" (Crime Prevention and Security Management); 2013~~ JC 82 +Upcoming generations will emerge from Surveillance Schools desensitised to, and expectant of, intense 83 +AND 84 +social interaction and nowhere is the surveillance revolution more crystallised than in schools. 85 + 86 + 87 +====Surveillance uniquely threatens students' freedoms. Criticizing and protesting surveillance both on campus and in debate is vital to civic engagement and social change. ==== 88 +**Glaser 14** — April Glaser, Staff Activist at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, 2014 ("17 Student Groups Pen Open Letters on the Toxicity of Mass Surveillance to Academic Freedom," Electronic Frontier Foundation, June 9^^th^^, Available Online at https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2014/06/students-against-surveillance-17-university-groups-pen-open-letters-toxicity-mass) 89 +Students are rising up and fighting to protect our Internet. In response to our 90 +AND 91 +, push for change, and put an end to mass government surveillance. 92 + 93 + 94 +====The AFF's critical interrogation and analyses of surveillance is crucial to analyzing the way in which daily life and the body itself has become a feature of securitization—our dissent functions as an unravelling and exposure of dominant power relations ==== 95 +**Giroux 14** Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department and a Distinguished Visiting Professorship at Ryerson University ~~Henry, "Totalitarian Paranoia in the Post-Orwellian Surveillance State," Truthout, February 10, 2014, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/21656-totalitarian-paranoia-in-the-post-orwellian-surveillance-state~~ **bracketed for grammar** 96 +Totalitarian paranoia runs deep in American society, and it now inhabits the highest levels 97 +AND 98 +an educational endeavour and responsibility as it is a political and cultural task. 99 + 100 + 101 +====Pedagogical praxis is key – translating critique into action is key to making education central in political effectiveness.==== 102 +**Giroux 14** Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department and a Distinguished Visiting Professorship at Ryerson University ~~Henry, "Totalitarian Paranoia in the Post-Orwellian Surveillance State," Truthout, February 10, 2014, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/21656-totalitarian-paranoia-in-the-post-orwellian-surveillance-state~~ 103 +Dissent is crucial to any viable notion of democracy and provides a powerful counterforce to 104 +AND 105 +most evident in the insults and patriotic gore heaped on Manning and Snowden. - EntryDate
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