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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,20 @@ 1 +====America is built on anti-blackness, while other forms of oppression may exist; the very structure of life in American civil society is predicated on the slave and its perfection. Africans were taken from Africa and came out in America as Blacks which is an inherently dead identity defined by slavery.==== 2 +Pak 12 3 +Yumi Pak (Prof of Phil), "Outside Relationality: Autobiographical Deformations and the Literary Lineage of Afro-Pessimism in 20th and 21st Century African American Literature." 4 +Because the four authors I examine focus intensively on untangling and retangling the nexus of 5 +AND 6 +blackness as being absent in the dialectic, as "anti-Human." 7 + 8 + 9 +====If politics is white, the best liberation movement will be politically anti-political; therefore the alternative is Black Anarchism. Reclaiming Black social life seems unlikely but we must refuse the notion that White society can produce good absent total restructuring. Anarchist movements are key to Black liberation, ceding authority always risks whiteness coopting it. Alston 03:==== 10 +~~Ashanti Alston (Black Anarchist who was in the Black Panthers and the Black Liberation Army) "Black Anarchism" Speech given at Hunter College. October 24, 2003. http://weblog.liberatormagazine.com/2008/07/black-anarchism.html~~ SF 11 +So, here I am, in the United States fighting for Black liberation, 12 +AND 13 +who can see differently when I am stuck, and thus live differently. 14 + 15 + 16 +====Educational systems have historically excluded Black thought to sustain White supremacy. Your role as a judge and educator is to reverse that – interjecting Black thought is a prerequisite to ethical debate. Schnyder 08:==== 17 +Damien Michael Schnyder (PhD, University of California's President's Postdoctoral Fellow) "First Strike," https://www.lib.utexas.edu/etd/d/2009/schnyderd25688/schnyderd25688.pdf 18 +Ms. Fox's clear disregard for her students belies a racist logic that dehumanizes Blackness 19 +AND 20 +their role is vital to the maintenance of state domination of Black subjects. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,91 @@ 1 +====The 1AC misidentifies the problem. Limitations of free speech in colleges are ideologically grounded in safety. The ambiguity of "safety" allows the state to twists its limits of power. ==== 2 +**Rampell**, Catherine. "The Newest Excuse for Shutting down Campus Speech: 'Security'" The Washington Post. WP Company, 19 Sept. 2016. Web. 13 Dec. 2016. ED 3 +Around the country, colleges have found a new excuse for shutting down free speech 4 +AND 5 +Creates regimes where breaking laws is ok in the name of safety. 6 + 7 + 8 +====Your use of the state causes us to devolve to bare life. ==== 9 +Agamben 2K (Giorgio, prof of phil @ the College International de Philosophie in Paris, Means Without End: Notes on Politics, p 5-6) ED 10 +Thus, life originally appears in law only as the counterpart of a power that 11 +AND 12 +turned into the exception and included in the city is always naked life. 13 + 14 + 15 +====Your conception of rights is just something the biopolitical regime uses to manage its subjects. ==== 16 +Agamben 98 (Giorgio, professor of philosophy at university of Verona, Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life, pg. 126-128) ED 17 +Hannah Arendt entitled the fifth chapter of her book on imperialism, which is dedicated 18 +AND 19 +(to be born)—thus closes the open circle of man's birth. 20 + 21 + 22 +====Every action that participates in the political process is one that creates an exception and results in biopolitical control.==== 23 +**Agamben** 98 (Giorgio, professor of philosophy at the University of Verona, Homo Sacer, pg. 8-9) 24 +The protagonist of this book is bare life, that is, the life of 25 +AND 26 +the bare life of the citizen, the new biopolitical body of humanity. 27 + 28 + 29 +====By its very existence, law can be suspended by the sovereign, who is outside the law – it is impossible for even the strictest of laws to restrict sovereign power==== 30 +**Agamben 98 **~~(Giorgio, prof of philosophy at univ of Verona) "HOMO SACER: Sovereign Power and Bare Life" available online. All parantheses except those modifying gendered language in original. *we don't endorse gendered language~~ AT 31 +Juridical = relating to the administration of law 32 +1.1 The paradox of 33 +AND 34 +positive law define the normal case as the realm of its own validity. 35 + 36 + 37 +====The 1ACs conceptions of political discourse are militarized by the police state to create a permanent state of emergency. ==== 38 +**McLoughlin 12 ~~Daniel McLoughlin is a doctoral candidate in Philosophy at the University of New South Wales, working on the political philosophy of Giorgio Agamben. "Giorgio Agamben on Security, Government and the Crisis of Law", Griffith Law Review, Volume 21, Issue 3, 2012, msm~~**One of the decisive effects of total war, according to Junger, was the tendency to demolish the difference between war and peace – or, in Agamben's terms, between the emergency and normal conditions. Similarly, Agamben argues that we are currently faced with 39 +AND 40 +perpetuate prevailing forms of life and close down the possibility of the alternatives emerging. 41 + 42 + 43 +====Timeframe based try or die calculations justify consolidation of power and radical, unprecented violence==== 44 +Vivian 13 (Bradford – Professor of Communication and Rhetorical Studies at Syracuse University, Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University, "Times of Violence," Published in the Quarterly Journal of Speech, Volume 99, Issue 2, 2013, pg. 1, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00335630.2013.775704?journalCode=rqjs20~~#.VGaEkvnF90o) 45 +The ways that authoritative institutions invoke and order time as a means of consolidating and 46 +AND 47 +national borders by citing as justification allegedly temporary episodes of state emergency.3 48 + 49 + 50 +====The state of exception destroys value to life. Extinction doesn't matter if there is no value to the lives lost.==== 51 +**Agamben** 98 (Giorgio, professor of philosophy at university of Verona, Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life, pg. 139-140) ED 52 +3.3.It is not our intention here to take a position on 53 +AND 54 +category. It now dwells in the biological body of every living being. 55 + 56 + 57 +====Controls the internal link to war and violence. ==== 58 +Dillon and Reid 2001 (Michael and Julian, Michael Dillon is Professor of Politics in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Lancaster and Julian Reid is a Doctoral Student in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Lancaster , Global Liberal Governance: Biopolitics, Security, and War, 2001Millennium - Journal of International Studies, pp.39-40) ED 59 +For capitalist society biopolitics is what is most important, the biological, the somatic 60 +AND 61 +addition, a further way in which we seek to extend Foucault's project. 62 + 63 + 64 +====Biopower is the root cause of racism ==== 65 +**Mbembe** Research Professor Institute of Social and Economic Research University of Witwatersrand 2008 Achille Foucault in an Age of Terror ed Morton and Bygrave page 156-157 66 +In Foucault's formulation, biopower appears to function through dividing people into those who must 67 +AND 68 +he says, 'the condition for the acceptability of putting to death'.20 69 + 70 + 71 +====The ROB is to challenge sovereign representations. This is key to preventing violence. ==== 72 +**Agamben** 2K (Giorgio, professor of philosophy at the College International de Philosophie in Paris, Means Without End: Notes on Politics, p. 93-95) ED 73 + 74 +Exposition is the location of politics. If there is no animal politics, that 75 +AND 76 +media, while a new class of bureaucrats jealously watches over its management. 77 + 78 + 79 +====AND, Discursive autonomy is a prior question. Complacency in language render us unintelligible. 80 +Agamben 2K (Giorgio, professor of philosophy at the College International de Philosophie in Paris, Means Without End: Notes on Politics, p. 95-97) ED 81 +==== 82 +If what human beings had to communicate to each other were always 83 +AND 84 +exposition of the visage in all its nudity, it is a victory over character—it is word. 85 + 86 + 87 +====Vote negative to endorse the state of whatever being in resistance to sovereign power. Whatever being is the only way to solve. Working within the law only furthers sovereign control of life. Solves case because whateverbeing means that nothing can be distinguished which prevents the state from unequally applying the law and stripping us away to bare life. ==== 88 +Caldwell 4 (Anne, Asst Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Louisville, Theory and Event, 7.2//shree) 89 +Can we imagine another form of humanity, and another form of power? The 90 +AND 91 +calls up and depends upon the life caught within sovereignty: homo sacer. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,29 @@ 1 +===satire=== 2 + 3 + 4 +====Counterplan Text: Public colleges and universities ought not restrict constitutionally protected journalistic speech except in the cases of satirical newspapers publishing hate.==== 5 +**Kowalski 16** Allison. "College Comedy Papers Struggle With 'Political Correctness' Climate." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 17 May 2016. 6 +At MTU, a Daily Bull article in November called "Sexually Harassed Man Pretty 7 +AND 8 +Bull's funding and to withhold more until staffers had attended Title IX training. 9 + 10 + 11 +====Administrators slash funding to campus publications when satirical papers go too far. Means the CP lets universities single out satire papers while strengthening and legitimizing real journalism—solves the aff. ==== 12 +**Kowalski 16** Allison. "College Comedy Papers Struggle With 'Political Correctness' Climate." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 17 May 2016. 13 +The accusation had come in light of recent actions taken at a sister school's comedy 14 +AND 15 +racial slurs — the article spurred UCSD administrators into publicly denouncing the Koala. 16 + 17 + 18 +====Satire is counterproductive to civic engagement—strengthens the alt-right and turns the aff. People don't know when news is fake and when it's real, and now that Trump won fake news has an even broader reach. Solon 16==== 19 +Solon, Olivia. "Facebook's failure: did fake news and polarized politics get Trump elected?" The Guardian. 11/10/16. 20 +Facebook will need to change its business model if it does want to address these 21 +AND 22 +" that spreads on Facebook, creating a "dust cloud of nonsense". 23 + 24 + 25 +====Trump's embrace of fake news and disregard for truth destroys civic engagement and leads to extinction. Granoff 16==== 26 +Johnathan Granoff, president of the Global Security Institute. "Donald Trump is an Existential Threat to America and the World." TIME.com Nov 7, 2016. 27 +By invoking a return to an imaginary past and ignoring reality, Donald Trump is 28 +AND 29 +, has suggested proliferating nuclear weapons to Japan and South Korea. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,41 @@ 1 +=T—Any= 2 + 3 + 4 +====Interpretation: Any is defined as every==== 5 +**Your Dictionary NO DATE** (Your Dictionary, online reference, "any," http://www.yourdictionary.com/any///LADI) 6 +every: any child can do it 7 + 8 + 9 +====Any is an indefinite pronoun that refers to things generally ==== 10 +**Language NO DATE** (Online English grammar textbook, Unit 42: - Indefinite Pronouns," http://www.1-language.com/englishcoursenew/unit42_grammar.htm///LADI) 11 +Indefinite pronouns replace specific things with general, non-specific concepts. For example 12 +AND 13 +anything from the supermarket. - Do you need anything from the supermarket? 14 + 15 + 16 +====Field context – legal restrictions use any to refer to all ==== 17 +**Black's Law NO DATE** (Black's Law Dictionary, online legal dictionary, "Law Dictionary: What is ABANDONMENT OF CHILD?" http://thelawdictionary.org/abandonment-of-child///LADI) 18 +What is ABANDONMENT OF CHILD? Deserting a child and having no intention of fulfilling any obligations to the child. Cutting off all relations and obligations to the child. 19 + 20 + 21 +====Any refers to all legally – prefer our ev it's in the context of free speech==== 22 +**Danilina NO DATE** (S., staff writer for black's law dictionary, "Is Flag Burning Illegal?" http://thelawdictionary.org/article/is-flag-burning-illegal///LADI) 23 +Interesting that the burning of the flag has been against the law until 1969. 24 +AND 25 +decision to award the First Amendment protection to the burning of the flag. 26 + 27 + 28 +====Any refers to a broadening – it expands the scope to include everything==== 29 +**Simon 16** (Cecilia, reporter @ the NY Times, "Fighting for Free Speech on America's Campuses," August 1, 2016, http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/07/education/edlife/fire-first-amendment-on-campus-free-speech.html//LADI *italics in original) //LADI 30 +Title IX prohibits discrimination based on sex in federally funded educational programs. In the 31 +AND 32 +a protection that such conduct had to be offensive to a reasonable person. 33 + 34 + 35 +Violation: The plan ends restrictions surrounding specific forms of speech 36 + 37 + 38 +Net Benefits— 39 +Limits 40 +Topical version of the aff 41 +d. voters - EntryDate
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