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+==Part 1- Framing.== |
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+====The ROB is to challenge sovereign representations. This is key to preventing violence. ==== |
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+**Agamben** 2K (Giorgio, professor of philosophy at the College International de Philosophie in Paris, Means Without End: Notes on Politics, p. 93-95) ED |
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+ |
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+Exposition is the location of politics. If there is no ani¬mal politics, that |
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+AND |
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+media, while a new class of bureaucrats jealously watches over its management. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====AND, Discursive autonomy is a prior question. Complacency in language render us unintelligible. |
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+Agamben 2K (Giorgio, professor of philosophy at the College International de Philosophie in Paris, Means Without End: Notes on Politics, p. 95-97) ED |
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+==== |
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+If what human |
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+AND |
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+it is word. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====AND, The debate space is necessary to challenge harmful discourses.==== |
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+**Shanahan 93** William Shanahan (Ft. Hays State University, Kansas) "kritik of thinking" Debater's Research Guide, Health Care Policy, 1993 http://groups.wfu.edu/debate/MiscSites/DRGArticles/Shanahan1993HealthCare.htm |
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+Policy has a stranglehold on debate worthy of any NYC transit cop. Argument must |
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+AND |
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+to open additional pathways for debaters, not shut down the current ones. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+**====AND, debate is an educational activity. Your role as a judge is as an educator which means that education should precede previous justifications that have been rationally justified. This also means that as an educator your constitutive role in debate is to prevent violence. Violence excludes people from debate and thus causes us to lose out on the education that we would otherwise get. Violence also creates an unsafe space in the debate that would threaten our own well-being. This comes first. ====** |
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+**Koh and Niemi 15** Ben Koh and Rebar Niemi (debate coaches) "How Do I Reach These Kids?: An Affirmation of Polyvocal Debate" NSD Update September 15^^th^^ 2015 http://nsdupdate.com/2015/09/15/how-do-i-reach-these-kids-an-affirmation-of-polyvocal-debate-by-ben-koh-rebar-niemi/ |
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+It is not a question of excluding the chaos or even controlling it, but |
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+AND |
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+debate" do not allow for that, we advocate breaking those rules. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+==Part 2- Offense== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Working within the state is the best way to combat biopower. ==== |
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+Edkins 7 (Jenny – Professor of International Politics at Aberystwyth University, "Whatever Politics," in Giorgio Agamben: Sovereignty and Life, Ed. Calarco and DeCaroli, 2007, p. 84) |
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+What is crucial here is whether the alternative Agamben proposes is radical enough. Does |
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+AND |
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+state" but to human praxis and political action (SE, 88). |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====AND, qualified immunity reifies the state of exception by allowing government agents to transcend the law. This is empirically verified. ==== |
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+~~David **Rudovsky** (University of Pennsylvania Law School), "The Qualified Immunity Doctrine in the Supreme Court: Judicial Activism and the Restriction of Constitutional Rights" Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Respository. 1989. http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3772andcontext=penn_law_review~~ |
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+Anderson v. Creighton swept away these decisions and created an additional basis for the |
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+AND |
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+a reasonable official would understand that what he is doing violates that right." |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Also, qualified immunity's foundation in the Supreme Court has historically let racist killer cops go free. Even when there is an excessive use of force there is no accountability creating a state of exception where the state can do no wrong. ==== |
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+~~Erwin **Chemerinsky** (Dean of the School of Law at the University of California, Irvine; he is a prominent scholar in US constitutional law and federal civil procedure), "How the Supreme Court Protects Bad Cops." Aug 26, 2014. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/27/opinion/how-the-supreme-court-protects-bad-cops.html?_r=0~~ |
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+Because it is so difficult to sue government entities, most victims' only recourse is |
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+AND |
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+how many more riots will it take before the Supreme Court changes course? |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====AND, the use of the police force is a medium of the biopolitical regime to normalize its subjects. ==== |
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+**Binkley**, Sam, **and** Jorge Capetillo **Ponce**. A Foucault for the 21st Century: Governmentality, Biopolitics and Discipline in the New Millennium. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Pub., 2009. Print. |
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+Contemporary forms of power function in order to discipline and train minds and bodies, |
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+AND |
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+for more of it. Subjects trained in discipline come to demand discipline. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+**====AND, the protection of the police state and the conception that they are the protectors of the people centralizes the government, reifies the management of society, and instills that they can do no wrong. ====** |
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+**Binkley**, Sam, **and** Jorge Capetillo **Ponce**. A Foucault for the 21st Century: Governmentality, Biopolitics and Discipline in the New Millennium. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Pub., 2009. Print. |
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+Writing about the behemoth Los Angeles Unified School District, Torin Mohanan dubbed this phenomenon |
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+AND |
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+interwoven shepherd-functions, derived and adapted from the 1979 Tanner lectures: |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====AND, the state of exception destroys value to life. Extinction doesn't matter if there is no value to the lives lost.==== |
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+**Agamben** 98 (Giorgio, professor of philosophy at university of Verona, Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life, pg. 139-140) ED |
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+3.3.It is not our intention here to take a position on |
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+AND |
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+It now dwells in the biological body of every living being. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====AND, its try or die for the aff, the biopolitical regime has already started enforcing its control. Controls the internal link to racism because biopower allows racist tendencies to surface. ==== |
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+**Calacal**, Celisa. "This Is How Many People Police Have Killed so Far in 2016." ThinkProgress. N.p., 05 July 20**16**. Web. 02 Nov. 2016. ED |
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+The year isn't over yet, and police have already killed at least 865 people |
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+AND |
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+involved in killing another person will not be held accountable for their actions. |