Summary

• Objects (1 modified, 1 added, 0 removed)
  • Caselist.CitesClass[8]
  • Caselist.CitesClass[9]

Details

Caselist.CitesClass[8]

EntryDate

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1		-2017-03-05 01:50:09.789
	1	+2017-03-05 01:50:09.0

Caselist.CitesClass[9]

Cites

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	1	+====~~Alcoff 92~~ The Aff’s act of speaking on behalf of the oppressed only relegates them to further oppression. Instead, we should allow the oppressed to speak for themselves. Focusing on the voices of the oppressed is necessary to account for their unique social location. Alcoff 92^^ ^^====
	2	+The recognition that there is a problem in speaking for others has followed from the widespread acceptance of two claims. First, there has been a growing awareness that where one speaks from affects both the meaning and truth of what one says, and thus that one cannot assume an ability to transcend her location. In other words, a speaker's location (which I take here to refer to her social location or social identity) has an epistemically significant impact on that speaker's claims, and can serve either to authorize or dis-authorize one's speech. The creation of Women's Studies and African American Studies departments were founded on this very belief: that both the study of and the advocacy for the oppressed must come to be done principally by the oppressed themselves, and that we must finally acknowledge that systematic divergences in social location between speakers and those spoken for will have a significant effect on the content of what is said. The unspoken premise here is simply that a speaker's location is epistemically salient. I shall explore this issue further in the next section.
	3	+==== ~~Ryan 90~~ The alt is to reject the Aff’s representation of . You cannot separate their discourse from their advocacy. Representations frame and alter the actions we take. Ryan 90^^ ^^====
	4	+Representations signify and produce different kinds of attitudes and actions. They have an active power: they make things happen, usually by painting the world in such a way that certain policies — from domestic slavery to Cold War militarism — will appear justified. More importantly, perhaps, the very act of painting itself enacts the policy. The mapping out of a social terrain as an exploitable field of economic possibilities already in effect transforms that terrain, denying other possibilities and producing an object that can be acted on without certain constraints which might have come into play if the social world had been conceived (pictured, mapped, represented) differently. This is particularly clear when representations, which are supposedly the effects of the things they represent, come to take the place of their cause, the things themselves. If the images are powerful and pervasive, they can act on the things they supposedly represent by transforming them to make them conform to the prevalent images of those things. Victims of violence are especially susceptible to this process. Rendered passive and subdued by violence, they are represented as somehow deserving of violence, as wanting or needing it. An effect of violence, a particular representation, thus comes to justify violence. The representations produced by acts of violence come to be justifications for further acts of violence. That violence then furthers the transformation of its victims into people whose behavior conforms with the dominant representations of them.

EntryDate

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	1	+2017-03-05 01:50:10.107

Judge

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	1	+Zane Dille

Opponent

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	1	+CL Education WJ

ParentRound

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	1	+8

Round

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	1	+4

Team

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	1	+Quarry Lane Karavadi Neg

Title

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	1	+Speaking For Others K

Tournament

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	1	+USC