Changes for page Polytechnic Liu Neg
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... ... @@ -1,61 +1,0 @@ 1 -In 1939 the power of nuclear energy was discovered – the military industrial complex prioritized its own interests and forced the scientific community to focus its research on Uranium – in doing so it marginalized research into thorium energy. 2 -Puplava, 11 President, Chief Investment Strategist at PFS Group,” Kirk Sorensen States Thorium a Million Times More Energy Dense than Fossil Fuels“ http://www.financialsense.com/contributors/james-j-puplava/kirk-sorensen-thorium-a-million-times-more-energy-dense-than-fossil-fuels 3 - 4 -Thus the counterplan: Countries should invest in generation 4 liquid fluoride thorium reactors. 5 -Warming causes Extinction 6 -Brandenberg 99 (John and Monica Paxson, Visiting Prof. Researcher @ Florida Space Institute, Physicist Ph.D., Science Writer, Dead Mars Dying Earth, Pg 232-233) 7 - 8 - 9 -Geologic history goes negative. 10 -Bushnell 10 - Chief scientist at the NASA Langley Research Center Dennis Bushnell (MS in mechanical engineering. He won the Lawrence A. Sperry Award, AIAA Fluid and Plasma Dynamics Award, the AIAA Dryden Lectureship, and is the recipient of many NASA Medals for outstanding Scientific Achievement and Leadership.) “Conquering Climate Change,” The Futurist, May-June, 2010 11 - 12 -Thorium reactors are sustainable 13 -Barton, ‘9 Charles, retired counselor, writes for Energy From Thorium, “The Liquid Fluoride Thorium Paradigm,” http://www.theoildrum.com/node/4971/ 14 - 15 -And, simply eliminating nuclear power doesn’t solve – only thorium reactors eliminate current toxic waste storages. 16 -Rhodes, 12 February, Professor Chris Rhodes is a writer and researcher. He studied chemistry at Sussex University, earning both a B.Sc and a Doctoral degree (D.Phil.); rising to become the youngest professor of physical chemistry in the U.K. at the age of 34. A prolific author, Chris has published more than 400 research and popular science articles (some in national newspapers: The Independent and The Daily Telegraph) He has recently published his first novel, "University Shambles" was published in April 2009 (Melrose Books), “Hopes Build for Thorium Nuclear Energy”, http://oilprice.com/Alternative-Energy/Nuclear-Power/Hopes-Build-for-Thorium-Nuclear-Energy.html 17 -Reprocessing would solve for 100 percent of the waste. 18 -Bastin 8 (Clinton, Former Chemical Engineer at the Atomic Energy Commission, 21st Century Science and Technology, “We Need to Reprocess Spent Nuclear Fuel, And Can Do It Safely, At Reasonable Cost”, 2008, http://www.21stcenturysciencetech.com/Articles202008/ Summer_2008/Reprocessing.pdf,) 19 - 20 -Thorium fuel reactors can be expanded and easily mass produced. 21 -Hargraves, 12 July, Robert, Robert Hargraves has written articles and made presentations about the liquid fluoride thorium reactor and energy cheaper than from coal – the only realistic way to dissuade nations from burning fossil fuels. His presentation “Aim High” about the technology and social benefits of the liquid fluoride thorium reactor has been presented to audiences at Dartmouth ILEAD, Thayer School of Engineering, Brown University, Columbia Earth Institute, Williams College, Royal Institution, the Thorium Energy Alliance, the International Thorium Energy Association, Google, the American Nuclear Society, and the Presidents Blue Ribbon Commission of America’s Nuclear Future. With coauthor Ralph Moir he has written articles for the American Physical Society Forum on Physics and Society: Liquid Fuel Nuclear Reactors (Jan 2011) and American Scientist: Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactors (July 2010). Robert Hargraves is a study leader for energy policy at Dartmouth ILEAD. He was chief information officer at Boston Scientific Corporation and previously a senior consultant with Arthur D. Little. He founded a computer software firm, DTSS Incorporated while at Dartmouth College where he was assistant professor of mathematics and associate director of the computation center. He graduated from Brown University (PhD Physics 1967) and Dartmouth College (AB Mathematics and Physics 1961). THORIUM: energy cheaper than coal, ISBN: 1478161299, purchased online at Amazon.com 22 - 23 - 24 -Renewables are not a viable option, investors are not interested. 25 -Jacobius, Staff Writer, 2012 26 -Arleen, “Clean-tech investing littered with mines”, Pensions and Investments, 27 -http://www.pionline.com/article/20120917/PRINTSUB/309179992/clean-tech-investing-littered-with-mines 28 -Generation 4 liquid based thorium reactors offer significant advantages over all alternative options. 29 -Cohen 12 (Armond, Co-founder and Executive Director of the Clean Air Task Force, Actively involved in CATF projects focusing on Arctic stabilization, low carbon technology innovation and coal transition, Armond led the Conservation Law Foundation's Energy Project starting in 1983, Graduate of Brown University and Harvard Law School, Served as judicial clerk for the late Harlington Wood, Jr. of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit 1982-1983, Published numerous articles on climate, energy, and air pollution, and speaks and testifies frequently on these topics, Member of the Keystone Energy Board and US EPA's Clean Air Act Advisory Committee, Decarbonization: The Nuclear Option, February 13th, http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/02/is-america-poised-for-nuclear.php) 30 - 31 - 32 -It’s try or die, SMRs are the only solution that addresses the cataclysmic impacts of warming before it’s too late. 33 -Palley 11 (Reese Palley, The London School of Economics, 2011, The Answer: Why Only Inherently Safe, Mini Nuclear Power Plans Can Save Our World, p. 186-90) 34 - 35 - 36 -Don't let perfect be the enemy of good. Nuclear is the best choice among imperfect options. 37 -Lynas 11 (Mark, Visiting Research Associate at Oxford University’s School of Geography and the Environment, Appointed advisor on climate change to the President of the Maldives, Longlisted for the Samuel Johnson Award for Non-Fiction, and short-listed for the Guardian First Book Award, Author of The God Species: How the Planet Can Survive the Age of Humans, Why nuclear power is still a good choice, http://articles.latimes.com/print/2011/apr/10/opinion/la-oe-lynas-nukes-20110410) 38 - 39 -Fossil Fuel usage is one of the largest proximate causes of daily death in the world, nuclear is the safest option. 40 -Mike Conley, 4/17/2015 Writer and Physicist, head of the energy reality project, The Energy Reality Project, http://energyrealityproject.com/lets-run-the-numbers-nuclear-energy-vs-wind-and-solar/ 41 -Nuclear energy is the cheapest method to power the country. Renewables can’t scale up 42 -Mike Conley, 4/17/2015 Writer and Physicist, head of the energy reality project, The Energy Reality Project, http://energyrealityproject.com/lets-run-the-numbers-nuclear-energy-vs-wind-and-solar/ 43 - 44 - 45 -A shift to renewables is fundamentally impossible – they will always produce intermittent power while what we need is baseload power. 46 -Mike Conley, 4/17/2015 Writer and Physicist, head of the energy reality project, The Energy Reality Project, http://energyrealityproject.com/lets-run-the-numbers-nuclear-energy-vs-wind-and-solar/ 47 - 48 - 49 - 50 -Generation 4 small modular reactors are better and safer. 51 -Mike Conley, 4/17/2015 Writer and Physicist, head of the energy reality project, The Energy Reality Project, http://energyrealityproject.com/lets-run-the-numbers-nuclear-energy-vs-wind-and-solar/ 52 - 53 - 54 -Nuclear power k2 stable desalinization, only solution for water shortages 55 -IAEA 15 ~-~- widely known as the world's "Atoms for Peace" organization within the United Nations family. Set up in 1957 as the world's centre for cooperation in the nuclear field, the Agency works with its Member States and multiple partners worldwide to promote the safe, secure and peaceful use of nuclear technologies, “New Technologies for Seawater Desalination Using Nuclear Energy,” IEAE TecDoc Series, 2015 56 -Warming is real, anthropogenic 57 -Nuccitelli 11 (Dana Nuccitelli is an environmental scientist at a private environmental consulting firm in the Sacramento, California area. He has a Bachelor's Degree in astrophysics from the University of California at Berkeley, and a Master's Degree in physics from the University of California at Davis. He has been researching climate science, economics, and solutions as a hobby since 2006, and has contributed to Skeptical Science since September, 2010., Updated 2011, Originally Posted 9/24/2010, “The Big Picture”, http://www.skepticalscience.com/big-picture.html) 58 - 59 - 60 -Reducing CO2 is key before we pass the tipping point. 61 -Hansen et al 10 – Director of NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies Dr. James Hansen, Dr. Makiko Sato (Physicist @ NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies), Dr. Pushker Kharecha (Researcher of earch sciences and astrobiology @ NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies), Dr. David Beerling (Professor of Animal and Plant Sciences @ University of Sheffield), Dr. Robert Berner (Professor Geology and Geophysics @ Yale University), Valerie Masson-Delmotte (Lab. Des Sciences du Climat et l’Environnement/Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CEA-CNRS-Universite de Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines), Dr. Mark Pagani (Professor of paleoceanography and paleoclimatology @ Yale University), Dr. Maureen Raymo (Paleoclimatologist/marine geologist @ Boston University), Dr. Dana L. Royer (Professor of Earth and Environmental Sciences @ Wesleyan University) and Dr. James C. Zachos ( Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences @ University of California – Santa Cruzo) “Target atmospheric CO2: Where should humanity aim?” Open Atmos. Sci. J. (2008), vol. 2, pp. 217-231 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,7 +1,0 @@ 1 -T 2 -Interpretation: 3 -The aff must defend more than one country prohibits the production of nuclear power Google n.d. “country” accessed 8/10/16 4 -google.com/search?num=40andsafe=offandespv=2andq=countries+definitionandoq=countries+definiti on plural noun: countries 1. a nation with its own government, occupying a particular territory. 5 -Violation – aff defends one country 6 -Standard: limits, 7 -Grammar – only my interp is grammatical since it respects the plural form of the word country. Most predictable on common usage too – no one would look at your plan and think it proves countries ought to prohibit. Grammar is a constraint, it tells us what the res actually says. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,10 +1,0 @@ 1 -Interpretation: Countries 2 -Websters, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/countries 3 -a political state or nation or its territory 4 - 5 -Violation 6 -the aff doesn't defend the entirety of the resolution 7 - 8 - 9 -The Affirmative interpretation is bad for debate 10 -T and Extra-T voters because they're necessary for good, well-prepared debating - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,7 +1,0 @@ 1 -Intrerpretation: Prohibit 2 -Dictionary.com, 8-5-2013, "the definition of prohibit," Dictionary, http://www.dictionary.com/browse/prohibit 3 -to forbid (an action, activity, etc.) by authority or law: 4 - 5 -Violation: decommissioning is distinct from prohibition. 6 -Dictionary.com, 5-15-2009, "the definition of decommission," http://www.dictionary.com/browse/decommission 7 -to remove or retire (a ship, airplane, etc.) from active service. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,7 +1,0 @@ 1 -Banning nuclear power causes a shift to coal, empirics prove 2 -Korosec 11 3 -KIRSTEN KOROSEC, Fortune journalism, “Germany's Nuclear Ban: The Global Effect” Money Watch, May 31, 2011, 4:28 PMhttp://www.cbsnews.com/news/germanys-nuclear-ban-the-global-effect/ 4 - 5 - 6 -Coal Kills 4,000 times more people than nuclear power 7 -Roos 11 Jerome; The Breakthrough Institute (researcher); 4/11/11; "Coal Kills 4,000 Times More People Per Unit of Energy than Nuclear"; http://thebreakthrough.org/archive/coal_kills_4000_times_more_peo; JLB (9/11/16) - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -2016-10-08 21:25:26.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -Polytechnic Liu Neg - Title
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... ... @@ -1,8 +1,0 @@ 1 -Nuclear power is the only way to generate sufficient energy for large-scale desalination 2 -IAEA 15 ~-~- widely known as the world's "Atoms for Peace" organization within the United Nations family. Set up in 1957 as the world's centre for cooperation in the nuclear field, the Agency works with its Member States and multiple partners worldwide to promote the safe, secure and peaceful use of nuclear technologies, “New Technologies for Seawater Desalination Using Nuclear Energy,” IEAE TecDoc Series, 2015 3 - 4 -Water crises cause escalating global conflict. 5 -Rasmussen 11 (Erik, CEO, Monday Morning; Founder, Green Growth Leaders) “Prepare for the Next Conflict: Water Wars” HuffPo 4/12 6 - 7 -That goes nuclear 8 -Zahoor 12 (Musharaf, Researcher at Department of Nuclear Politics – National Defense University, Water Crisis can Trigger Nuclear War in South Asia, http://www.siasat.pk) - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,5 +1,0 @@ 1 -Prohibiting nuclear power means warming can’t be solved – impracticality of renewables combined with a switch to coal only makes warming worse. Harvey ‘12 2 -Fiona Harvey - award-winning environment journalist for the Guardian, used to work for financial times. “Nuclear power is only solution to climate change, says Jeffrey Sachs.” The Guardian. May 3, 2012. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/may/03/nuclear-power-solution-climate-change JJN *bracketing in original 3 - 4 -Climate change disproportionately affects people of color. Pellow 12 5 -David Naguib Pellow 12, Ph.D. Professor, Don Martindale Endowed Chair – University of Minnesota, “Climate Disruption in the Global South and in African American Communities: Key Issues, Frameworks, and Possibilities for Climate Justice,” February 2012, http://www.jointcenter.org/sites/default/files/upload/research/files/White_Paper_Climate_Disruption_final.pdf - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -2016-10-08 21:25:28.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -paras kumar - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@ 1 -Polytechnic Liu Neg - Title
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,26 @@ 1 +Interpretation: Bare plurals-The phrase public colleges and universities in the resolution is a generic bare plural. 2 +Nebel 14, Jake, AB in philosophy at Princeton and the BPhil at Oxford, NYU,20 14, http://vbriefly.com/2014/12/19/jake-nebel-on-specifying-just-governments/ 3 +I believe that debaters shouldn’t specify a government on the living wage topic. The standard argument for this is simple: “just governments” is a plural noun phrase, so it refers to more than one just government. Most debaters will stop there. But there is much more to say. (Some seem not to care about the plural construction. I plan to address this view in a later article about the parametric conception of topicality.) Some noun phrases include articles like “the,” demonstratives like “these,” possessives like “my,” or quantifiers like “some” or “all.” These words are called determiners. Bare plurals, including “just governments,” lack determiners. There’s no article, demonstrative, possessive, or quantifier in front of the noun to tell you how many or which governments are being discussed. We use bare plurals for two main purposes. Consider some examples: Debaters are here. Debaters are smart. In (1), “debaters” seems equivalent to “some debaters.” It is true just in case there is more than one debater around. If I enter a restaurant and utter (1), I speak truly if there are a couple of debaters at a table. This is an existential use of the bare plural, because it just says that there exist things of the relevant class (debaters) that meet the relevant description (being here). In (2), though, “debaters” seems to refer to debaters in general. This use of the bare plural is generic. Some say that generics refer to kinds of things, rather than particular members of their kinds, or that they refer to typical cases. There is a large literature on understanding generics. Here my aim is not to figure out the truth conditions for the generic reading of the resolution; I shall simply work with our pre-theoretical grip on the contrast between sentences like (1) and (2). This distinction bears importantly on the resolution. If “just governments” is a generic bare plural, then the debate is about whether just governments in general ought to require that employers pay a living wage. If it is an existential bare plural, then the debate is about whether some just governments—i.e., more than one—ought to require that employers pay a living wage. Only the second interpretation allows one to affirm by specifying a few governments. 4 +‘In’ means throughout 5 + 6 +Words and Phrases, 1959 7 +(p. 546 (PDNS3566)) 8 + 9 +In the Act of 1861 providing that justices of the peace shall have jurisdiction “in” their respective counties to hear and determine all complaints, the word “in” should be construed to mean “throughout” such counties. Reynolds v. Larkin, 14, p. 114, 117, 10 Colo. 126. 10 + 11 +Second, The United States includes all the territories and land over which it has jurisdiction 12 + 13 +Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms 5 14 +(Dictionary of Military, http://www.thefreedictionary.com/United+States, 2005) 15 + 16 +Includes the land area, internal waters, territorial sea, and airspace of the United States, including the following: a. US territories, possessions, and commonwealths; and b. Other areas over which the US Government has complete jurisdiction and control or has exclusive authority or defense responsibility. 17 + 18 +Standard: Limits 19 +Multiple impacts to loss of limits 20 +1. Competitive equity. There’s no way for the neg to prepare against the thousands of universities that exist which means that the aff will always win the case debate. Gives a significant research advantage to the aff because they have had weeks to prep for their specific case whereas the neg only has a few minutes of pre round prep. 21 +2. Absolutism. The aff explodes research burdens forcing neg debaters to resort to either extreme K’s or disads that don’t really link which is terrible for our education because it teaches us to look solely into nihilistic and extremist literature as opposed to generating clash about the affirmative. . Also creates a substantive side bias because the aff will have an easier time beating generic arguments. 22 +3. Grammar. The affirmative does not affirm the resolution as it is which means you can probably vote negative on presumption. 23 +4. Topic education. the affirmative model of debate is bad because it results in dogmatism as the negative can’t make objections to the case debate itself which results in a lack of truth testing which is the key educational impact of debate. 24 +Prefer competing interpretations over reasonability. Reasonability leads to a race to the bottom, justifies judge intervention, and produces hella arbitrary brightlines. 25 +Competing interps coopts reasonability because reasonability begs the question of how we determine what is reasonable which is through the competing interps debate. If I win that the interpretation creates a better model of debate, then theirs should be considered unreasonable. 26 +Default to potential abuse, it’s not a question of what the aff does, but rather what the aff’s model of debate justifies. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Polytechnic Liu Neg - Title
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