Changes for page Plano East Zhou Aff
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,37 @@ 1 +I value governmental obligation. According to the first definition of its entry in the Random-House Dictionary, ought is (auxiliary verb) 1. used to express duty or moral obligation: Every citizen ought to help. 2 +Prefer this definition on common usage. The Online Etymology Dictionary: ought (v.) Old AND the past subjunctive. 3 + 4 +Obligations that bind the United States cannot stem from traditional ethical theories. Four warrants. 5 +ANALYTICS 6 + 7 +Thus, the United States can only be obligated by a body that it has consented to and which has constitutive authority over it. The only entity with normative force is the Constitution. Six warrants. 8 +ANALYTICS 9 + 10 +Thus, the value criterion is minimizing violations of the United States Constitution. 11 + 12 +Plan Text: The United States ought to abolish qualified immunity for police officers. 13 + 14 +This will cause insurance and indemnification programs to fill the void. Kirby ’89 Qualified Immunity for Civil Rights Violations: Refining the Standard. Cornell L. Rev., 75, 461. Retrieved from http://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/clqv75andsection=23. (former Assistant United States Attorney) 15 +The most sweeping AND the first place 16 + 17 +Advantage One is Gray Areas 18 +Because of qualified immunity, the Constitution is not being clarified and advanced. 19 +Black ’90 Black, H. A. (1990). Balance, Band-Aid, or Tourniquet: The Illusion of Qualified Immunity for Federal Officials. Wm. and Mary L. Rev., 32, 733. Retrieved from http://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/wmlr32andsection=25 (Professor of Law at University of Baltimore School of Law). 20 +Inhibition of Constitutional AND protecting constitutional rights 21 + 22 +However, police liability insurance promotes constitutional advancement. Rappaport ’16 Rappaport, J. (2016 II). How Private Insurers Regulate Public Police. U of Chicago, Public Law Working Paper, (562). Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2733783 (Assistant Professor of Law, The University of Chicago Law School). 23 +Second, and closely AND rules are broken 24 + 25 +Advantage Two is Police Accountability 26 +First, use of insurance companies reforms police conduct by forcing them to follow the constitution. 27 +Rappaport ’16 Ibid. 28 +There can be AND point still holds 29 + 30 +And, implementation of insurance policies deters constitutional violations far better than qualified immunity can. 31 +Abraham ‘09 Rappaport, J. (2016 II). How Private Insurers Regulate Public Police. U of Chicago, Public Law Working Paper, (562). Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2733783 (Assistant Professor of Law, The University of Chicago Law School). 32 +Conversely, a version AND sick or injured 33 + 34 +The Underview 35 +Don’t evaluate theoretical violations if they are unchecked in cross-examination ANALYTIC 36 +Err aff by giving me choice over theoretical paradigm issues such as but not limited to RVIs, drop the debater versus drop the arg and competing interps and reasonability ANALYTIC 37 +Don’t evaluate any 2NR weighing arguments on the procedural layer of the flow ANALYTIC - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,74 @@ 1 +Framework 2 +The standard is maximizing expected human wellbeing. Prefer the standard for three reasons. 3 + 4 +First, reductionism. 5 +Brain studies prove that personal identity doesn’t exist. 6 +Parfit ‘84: Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons (Oxford: Clarendon, 1984). 7 +Some recent medical AND this person’s two hands. 8 + 9 +In the absence of personal identity, only end states can matter. 10 +Shoemaker ‘99: Shoemaker, David (Dept of Philosophy, U Memphis). “Utilitarianism and Personal Identity.” The Journal of Value Inquiry 33: 183–199, 1999. http://www.csun.edu/~ds56723/jvipaper.pdf 11 +Extreme reductionism might AND such a theory. 12 + 13 +Second, moral uncertainty. 14 +Ethical agnosticism means that extinction comes first under any moral system. 15 +Bostrom ‘00: Nick Bostrom, 2001 prof of Philosophy, Oxford University Journal of Evolution and Technology, Vol. 9, March 2002. First version: 2001 March, JStor 16 +Brackets for clarity These reflections on AND lot of value. 17 + 18 +ANALYTIC 19 + 20 +Third, actor specificity. 21 +Woller ‘97: Professor at BYU, “An Overview by Gary Woller”, A Forum on the Role of Environmental Ethics, June 1997, pg. 10 22 +Brackets for clarity Moreover, virtually all AND making it worse. 23 + 24 +The Woller evidence serves five functions. 25 +A. ANALYTIC 26 +B. ANALYTIC 27 +C. ANALYTIC 28 +D. ANALYTIC 29 +E. ANALYTIC 30 + 31 +Plan Text: 32 +The United States Federal Government ought to abrogate qualified immunity for police officers. 33 +King 16: King, Andrew. (Author at Mimesis Law, Law Publication) “Keep Qualified Immunity...For Now” Mimesis Law. 2016 34 +In some ways AND of the community. 35 + 36 +Advantage One is Racism 37 +Racial tensions have been culminating into a peak. 38 +Norman on April 16th, 2016: Norman, Jim. "U.S. Worries About Race Relations Reach a New High."Gallup.com. N.P., 11 April 2016. 39 +More than a AND crime and violence. 40 + 41 +The court has a long history of discounting the interests of minority populations – qualified immunity just exacerbates racism entrenched in the system. 42 +Reinhardt in 2015: Stephen R. Reinhardt, Circuit Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, “The Demise of Habeas Corpus and the Rise of Qualified Immunity: The Court’s Ever Increasing Limitations on the Development and Enforcement of Constitutional Rights and some Particularly Unfortunate Consequences,” Michigan Law Review, Vol. 113, 2015. 43 +The Court has AND black defendants alone. 44 + 45 +Racism is the root cause of violence and war – we control the internal link to all of their impacts. 46 +Foucault in 1976: Michel Foucault. Society Must Be Defended: Lectures at the College de France, 1975-1976, p. 254-257 Translated by David Macey. 47 +What in fact AND theme of racism. 48 + 49 +Conflict causes chronic poverty and many deaths. 50 +Goodhand ‘03: Johnathan Goodhand, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 2003 http://www.pik-potsdam.de/research/research-domains/transdisciplinary-concepts-and-methods/favaia/workspace/documents/world-development-volume-31-issue-3-special-issue-on-chronic-poverty-and-development-policy/pages629-646.pdf 51 +Research studies on AND direct battlefield deaths. 52 + 53 +Advantage Two is Soft Power 54 +U.S. soft power is low now. 55 +Lehmann on April 28th, 2016: Lehmann, Jean-Pierre (Professor of International Political Economy at IMD and the founding director of the Evian Group at IMD). "The Collapse of US Soft Power - Global Impacts. "Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 28 Apr. 2016. Web. 31 Oct. 2016 56 +Global governance is AND has replaced it yet. 57 + 58 +Qualified immunity exacerbates police brutality. 59 +Wright in 2015: Sam Wright (DC based attorney), Source: Thomson Reuters, Source: My Shingle, Source: Law Sites Blog, and Source: Above The Law. "Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity." Above the Law. Above the Law, 3 Nov. 2015. Web. 27 Oct. 2016 60 +I think Megan AND in the courts? 61 + 62 +Police brutality delegitimizes the United States in the eyes of the rest of the world, decreasing its soft power. 63 +Pullen in 2014: Pullen, Bethany (Master of Public Diplomacy from the University of Southern California and a B.A. in International Studies and currently works as a research project manager in education policy at the University of Pittsburgh). "The Achilles Heel of U.S. Public Diplomacy: Race Relations and Police Violence." USC Center of Public Diplomacy. USC Annenburg, 8 Sept. 2014. 64 +Becoming inured to AND promoting legislative changes. 65 + 66 +Soft power solves multiple scenarios for extinction. 67 +Nye and Armitage in 2007: Joseph S. Nye (University Distinguished Service Professor at Harvard University; Previous Dean of Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government; Inventor of the concept of soft power; not related to Bill Nye the Science Guy) and Richard Armitage (13th United States Deputy Secretary of State, second-in-command at the State Department, 2001 to 2005). “CSIS Reports – A Smarter, More Secure America.” November 6, 2007. http://www.csis.org/component/option,com_csis_pubs/task,view/id,4156/type,1/ 68 +Soft power is AND will to fight. 69 + 70 +ANALYTIC 71 + 72 +Underview 73 + 74 +{I switched this out every round. Usually, it was just K pre-empts (generic "engaging w/ state good" cards)} - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,8 @@ 1 +Pennyworth '08 2 +"Some (people) just want to watch the world burn." 3 +BRACKETED FOR GENDERED LANGUAGE. 4 + 5 +Full-text of the AC is disclosed open-source as 6 +Plano East-Zhou-Aff-Practice Round-Round1.docx 7 + 8 +Read at your own risk. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,4 @@ 1 +SKETCH DEBATERS UNITE! 2 + 3 +AC Disclosed Full Text 4 +w/ Frontlines - EntryDate
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