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+Framework |
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+The standard is maximizing expected human wellbeing. Prefer the standard for three reasons. |
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+ |
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+First, reductionism. |
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+Brain studies prove that personal identity doesn’t exist. |
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+Parfit ‘84: Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons (Oxford: Clarendon, 1984). |
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+Some recent medical AND this person’s two hands. |
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+ |
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+In the absence of personal identity, only end states can matter. |
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+Shoemaker ‘99: Shoemaker, David (Dept of Philosophy, U Memphis). “Utilitarianism and Personal Identity.” The Journal of Value Inquiry 33: 183–199, 1999. http://www.csun.edu/~ds56723/jvipaper.pdf |
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+Extreme reductionism might AND such a theory. |
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+ |
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+Second, moral uncertainty. |
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+Ethical agnosticism means that extinction comes first under any moral system. |
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+Bostrom ‘00: Nick Bostrom, 2001 prof of Philosophy, Oxford University Journal of Evolution and Technology, Vol. 9, March 2002. First version: 2001 March, JStor |
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+Brackets for clarity These reflections on AND lot of value. |
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+ |
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+ANALYTIC |
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+ |
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+Third, actor specificity. |
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+Woller ‘97: Professor at BYU, “An Overview by Gary Woller”, A Forum on the Role of Environmental Ethics, June 1997, pg. 10 |
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+Brackets for clarity Moreover, virtually all AND making it worse. |
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+ |
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+The Woller evidence serves five functions. |
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+A. ANALYTIC |
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+B. ANALYTIC |
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+C. ANALYTIC |
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+D. ANALYTIC |
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+E. ANALYTIC |
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+ |
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+Plan Text: |
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+The United States Federal Government ought to abrogate qualified immunity for police officers. |
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+King 16: King, Andrew. (Author at Mimesis Law, Law Publication) “Keep Qualified Immunity...For Now” Mimesis Law. 2016 |
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+In some ways AND of the community. |
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+ |
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+Advantage One is Racism |
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+Racial tensions have been culminating into a peak. |
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+Norman on April 16th, 2016: Norman, Jim. "U.S. Worries About Race Relations Reach a New High."Gallup.com. N.P., 11 April 2016. |
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+More than a AND crime and violence. |
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+ |
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+The court has a long history of discounting the interests of minority populations – qualified immunity just exacerbates racism entrenched in the system. |
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+Reinhardt in 2015: Stephen R. Reinhardt, Circuit Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, “The Demise of Habeas Corpus and the Rise of Qualified Immunity: The Court’s Ever Increasing Limitations on the Development and Enforcement of Constitutional Rights and some Particularly Unfortunate Consequences,” Michigan Law Review, Vol. 113, 2015. |
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+The Court has AND black defendants alone. |
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+ |
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+Racism is the root cause of violence and war – we control the internal link to all of their impacts. |
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+Foucault in 1976: Michel Foucault. Society Must Be Defended: Lectures at the College de France, 1975-1976, p. 254-257 Translated by David Macey. |
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+What in fact AND theme of racism. |
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+ |
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+Conflict causes chronic poverty and many deaths. |
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+Goodhand ‘03: Johnathan Goodhand, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 2003 http://www.pik-potsdam.de/research/research-domains/transdisciplinary-concepts-and-methods/favaia/workspace/documents/world-development-volume-31-issue-3-special-issue-on-chronic-poverty-and-development-policy/pages629-646.pdf |
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+Research studies on AND direct battlefield deaths. |
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+ |
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+Advantage Two is Soft Power |
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+U.S. soft power is low now. |
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+Lehmann on April 28th, 2016: Lehmann, Jean-Pierre (Professor of International Political Economy at IMD and the founding director of the Evian Group at IMD). "The Collapse of US Soft Power - Global Impacts. "Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 28 Apr. 2016. Web. 31 Oct. 2016 |
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+Global governance is AND has replaced it yet. |
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+ |
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+Qualified immunity exacerbates police brutality. |
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+Wright in 2015: Sam Wright (DC based attorney), Source: Thomson Reuters, Source: My Shingle, Source: Law Sites Blog, and Source: Above The Law. "Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity." Above the Law. Above the Law, 3 Nov. 2015. Web. 27 Oct. 2016 |
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+I think Megan AND in the courts? |
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+ |
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+Police brutality delegitimizes the United States in the eyes of the rest of the world, decreasing its soft power. |
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+Pullen in 2014: Pullen, Bethany (Master of Public Diplomacy from the University of Southern California and a B.A. in International Studies and currently works as a research project manager in education policy at the University of Pittsburgh). "The Achilles Heel of U.S. Public Diplomacy: Race Relations and Police Violence." USC Center of Public Diplomacy. USC Annenburg, 8 Sept. 2014. |
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+Becoming inured to AND promoting legislative changes. |
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+ |
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+Soft power solves multiple scenarios for extinction. |
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+Nye and Armitage in 2007: Joseph S. Nye (University Distinguished Service Professor at Harvard University; Previous Dean of Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government; Inventor of the concept of soft power; not related to Bill Nye the Science Guy) and Richard Armitage (13th United States Deputy Secretary of State, second-in-command at the State Department, 2001 to 2005). “CSIS Reports – A Smarter, More Secure America.” November 6, 2007. http://www.csis.org/component/option,com_csis_pubs/task,view/id,4156/type,1/ |
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+Soft power is AND will to fight. |
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+ |
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+ANALYTIC |
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+ |
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+Underview |
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+ |
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+{I switched this out every round. Usually, it was just K pre-empts (generic "engaging w/ state good" cards)} |