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-Link: The affirmative reifies the legitimacy of nation states |
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-Walker 9 R.B.J., Walker is a professor in the department of Political Science at the University of Victoria and is the chief editor of the Journal of International Political Sociology, “After the Globe, Before the world”, pg. 77 – 80 |
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-The consequence, however, … into irresolvable difficulties.¶ |
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-Borders create a mutual xenophobic otherization of those across the border- causeing zones of structural violence that devalue lives. |
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-Bornstein 2(Avram Bornstein, professor @ John Jay college anthropology PhD and masters @ Columbia, “Borders and the Utility of Violence State Effects on the ‘Superexploitation’ of West Bank Palestinians” vol 22, 2002) |
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-Heyman (1998a, 1998b, 1999) has argued …. have impoverishing consequences |
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-The alternative is to critically engage the border and re-evaluate our norms in relation to the violence they create. |
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-Grosfoguel 06 Ramon Grosfoguel, Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies @ UC Berkeley, “World-Systems Analysis in the Context of Transmodernity, Border Thinking, and Global Coloniality,” Review (Fernand Braudel Center), Vol. 29, No. 2, From Postcolonial Studies to Decolonial Studies: Decolonizing Postcolonial Studies, 2006 JW |
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-One of many … the Eurocentered modernity. |
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-Questioning the violence of borders is a necessary discussion |
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-Van Houtum 05 Henk Van Houtum, Nijmegen Centre for Border Research, Radboud University, The Netherlands, “The Geopolitics of Borders and Boundaries,” 2005 JW |
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-The second reason …. at what price? |