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Caselist.CitesClass[29]

Cites

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1		-The world “crippled” is based on a lack of physical or intellectual power, and is now used in a negative connotation.
2		-Clark and Marsh 2002 (Laurence and Steven, Stephen Marsh is a member of Arnold and Porter LLP's Litigation practice, Laurence Clark is a British stand-up comedian, writer, actor, presenter, and disability rights advocator, 2002, “Patriarchy in the UK: The Language of Disability”)
3		-Reiser (2001) credits the derivation of the word ‘cripple’ to the Middle German word ‘Kripple’ meaning: “to be without power”. Whilst this may be currently true in the political sense, the inference is a lack of physical or intellectual power. On the other hand, Crowley and Crowley (2000) date its usage back to before 950 AD, the earliest form being the Old English ‘crypel’ which is a form of ‘creep’. Therefore a ‘cripple’ would be one who can only creep. The word is only used once in the King James bible: “and there sat a certain man at Lystra, impotent in his feet, being a cripple from his mother's womb, who never had walked” (Acts 14:8). However it is used a number of times by Shakespeare: “And chide the cripple tardy-gaited night Who, like a foul and ugly witch, doth limp So tediously away.” (Henry V, act IV chorus) The word is still commonly used as an adjective: e.g. “crippling pain”, “crippling debts” and “the health service is crippled”; or as an undesirable fate: “to end up a cripple”. More recently the abbreviated form ‘crip’ has been reclaimed and used by disabled people in the United Kingdom in the same positive way that ‘queer’ was adopted by lesbians and gay men, however it could not be used in that same way by non-disabled people.
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5		-Disability theory precludes the case – politics must first be based in equal access before productive solutions can be found. Turns case
6		-Power 1 Marcus Power, Lecturer in Human geography at the University of Durham, Fall 2001
7		-The complex relationships between space and disability have received increasing attention in recent years as it is become necessary to explore how social and spatial processes can be used to disable rather than enable people with physical disabilities. Brendan Gleeson talks about the `long disciplinary silence' in Geography and writes that geographers were `absent without leave' from the broader intellectual campaign around disability issues: A failure to embrace disability as a core concern can only impoverish the discipline, both theoretically and empirically. (Gleeson 1999: 1) Debates about how space informs experiences of disability have expanded considerably in the 1990s, but largely urban, Anglophone, western societies remain the predominant focus of attention. Much of this work does however highlight the heterogeneity of physical conditions and social experiences that are commonly lumped together under the disability rubric. Some researchers have criticised approaches that have avoided or understated these differences, but there is arguably also a political need for inclusive theorisations that illustrate the range of social forces that bear down upon `impaired bodies' and explore the possibility of collective responses. Gleeson (1999, 2001) has referred to the need to bring about `enabling environments and inclusive social spaces'. Instead, many development organisations arguably construct elaborate `landscapes of dependency'. Geographies of Disability begins by expressing the author's hope that eventually no geographer will be able to claim that disability is irrelevant to their work. As geographers interested in development, it is absolutely crucial to play our part in bringing an end to these disciplinary silences through an illustration of the discipline and power of development and dependency and by exploring the possibility of alternatives.

EntryDate

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1		-2016-12-16 16:24:12.0

Judge

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1		-Matthew Luevano

Opponent

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1		-Brookfield East RL

ParentRound

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1		-12

Round

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1		-1

Team

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1		-Palos Verdes Le Barillec Neg

Title

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1		-JANFEB - Ableist Rhetoric K

Tournament

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1		-Blake