Summary

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  • Caselist.CitesClass[1]
  • Caselist.CitesClass[2]

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Caselist.CitesClass[1]

EntryDate

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1		-2016-09-10 16:59:48.575
	1	+2016-09-10 16:59:48.0

Caselist.CitesClass[2]

Cites

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	1	+Nuclear fusion’s the most promising possibility for space colonization.
	2	+Wall, senior writer at Space, 13
	3	+Mike Wall, Space, 6-11-2013, "NASA Eyeing Nuclear Fusion Rockets for Future Space Exploration," Space, http://www.space.com/21519-nasa-fusion-rocket-space-exploration.html
	4	+Rockets that harness the power of nuclear fusion may provide the next big leap in humanity's quest to explore the final frontier, NASA's science chief says. Nuclear fusion rockets could slash travel times through deep space dramatically, potentially opening up vast swathes of the solar system to human exploration, said John Grunsfeld, associate administrator for NASA's Science Mission Directorate. "It's transformative," Grunsfeld said last month after his presentation at Maker Faire Bay Area in San Mateo, Calif., a two-day celebration of DIY science, technology and engineering. "You could get to Saturn in a couple of months. How fantastic would that be?" Superfast Propulsion Concepts (Images) For a little perspective: NASA's robotic Cassini spacecraft blasted off in October 1997 and didn't enter Saturn orbit until July 2004. Speeding things up Traditional chemical propulsion systems can get humans to destinations in deep space, but with a lot of travel time. For example, a roundtrip manned mission to the vicinity of Mars, which NASA aims to execute by the mid-2030s, would require about 500 days of spaceflight. Speeding up the trip to Mars, or anywhere else, is desirable for a number of reasons — to minimize the radiation dose astronauts receive during the journey, for example, and to save money on consumables such as food and water. So NASA and researchers around the world have been investigating advanced propulsion technologies, including space-bending "warp drives," enormous solar sails and matter-antimatter engines. Nuclear fusion is perhaps the most promising of these possibilities,
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	6	+Colonizing space is the only hope for survival-it’s try or die
	7	+Matheny, 2011 (Pending) (Jason Gaverick, research associate with the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University, “Ought we worry about human extinction?”, http://jgmatheny.org/extinctionethics.htm)
	8	+Animal life has existed on Earth for around 500 million years. Barring a dramatic intervention, all animal life on Earth will die in the next several billion years. Earth is located in a field of thousands of asteroids and comets. 65 million years ago, an asteroid 10 kilometers in size hit the Yucatan , creating clouds of dust and smoke that blocked sunlight for months, probably causing the extinction of 90 of animals, including dinosaurs. A 100 km impact, capable of extinguishing all animal life on Earth, is probable within a billion years (Morrison et al., 2002). If an asteroid does not extinguish all animal life, the Sun will. In one billion years, the Sun will begin its Red Giant stage, increasing in size and temperature. Within six billion years, the Sun will have evaporated all of Earth’s water, and terrestrial temperatures will reach 1000 degrees ~-~- much too hot for amino acid-based life to persist. If, somehow, life were to survive these changes, it will die in 7 billion years when the Sun forms a planetary nebula that irradiates Earth (Sackmann, Boothroyd, Kraemer, 1993; Ward and Brownlee, 2002). Earth is a dangerous place and animal life here has dim prospects. If there are 10^12 sentient animals on Earth, only 10^21 life-years remain. The only hope for terrestrial sentience surviving well beyond this limit is that some force will deflect large asteroids before they collide with Earth, giving sentients another billion or more years of life (Gritzner and Kahle, 2004); and/or terrestrial sentients will colonize other solar systems, giving sentients up to another 100 trillion years of life until all stars begin to stop shining
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	13	+ (Adams and Laughlin, 1997). Life might survive even longer if it exploits non-stellar energy sources. But it is hard to imagine how life could survive beyond the decay of nuclear matter expected in 1032 to 1041 years (Adams and Laughlin, 1997). This may be the upper limit on the future of sentience.4 Deflecting asteroids and colonizing space could delay the extinction of Earth-originating sentience from 10^9 to 10^41 years. Assuming an average population of one trillion sentients is maintained (which is a conservative assumption under colonization5), these interventions would create between 10^21 and 10^53 life-years. At present on Earth, only a human civilization would be remotely capable of carrying out such projects. If humanity survives the next few centuries, it’s likely we will develop technologies needed for at least one of these projects. We may already possess the technologies needed to deflect asteroids (Gritzner and Kahle, 2004; Urias et al., 1996). And in the next few centuries, we’re likely to develop technologies that allow colonization. We will be strongly motivated by self-interest to colonize space, as asteroids and planets have valuable resources to mine, and as our survival ultimately requires relocating to another solar system (Kargel, 1994; Lewis, 1996).

EntryDate

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	1	+2016-09-10 16:59:48.924

Judge

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	1	+Adam Torson

Opponent

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	1	+Lynbrook YZ

ParentRound

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	1	+0

Round

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	1	+1

Team

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	1	+Palos Verdes Le Barillec Neg

Title

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	1	+SEPTOCT - Space Declonisation DA

Tournament

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	1	+Loyola