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+=Nuclear Colonialism 1AC= |
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+ |
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+==Framing== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====The end of colonialism is a myth. Colonizers have not left, but instead pursue their own agenda while ignoring natives. Discursive dynamics are prevalent that perpetuate a system of nuclear colonialism. Vote aff to reject the colonialist mindset that natives are inferior.==== |
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+Endres 9 |
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+Endres, Danielle. "Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies." The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision: Vol 6, No 1. N.p., 17 Feb. 2009. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14791420802632103. Pg. 43-44 |
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+Although the material implications of nuclear colonialism are undeniable, it is important to turn |
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+AND |
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+its technopolitical success.''28 Nuclear colonialism is a tale of resource colonialism. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Strategic silence is a tool that shifts the focus away from colonialism; it's time we started talking about the core issues that are hidden by those in power==== |
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+Endres 9 |
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+Endres, Danielle. "Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies." The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision: Vol 6, No 1. N.p., 17 Feb. 2009. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14791420802632103. Pg. 52-54 |
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+In addition to outlining a decision calculus that shifts the burden of proof in a |
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+AND |
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+negation, or silence, we are told, is never complete.''82 |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who best methodologically rejects nuclear colonialism. Including the indigenous voice is key to change. ==== |
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+Endres 9 |
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+Endres, Danielle. "Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies." The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision: Vol 6, No 1. N.p., 17 Feb. 2009. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14791420802632103. Pg. 40 |
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+Nuclear weapons and nuclear power have devastating consequences for local populations surrounding the sites of |
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+AND |
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+rhetorical strategies of nuclear colonialism, their consequences, and their continuing legacies. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+==Inherency== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====The history of nuclear energy policy is tied back to nuclear colonialism.==== |
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+IEN 2 "Indigenous Anti-Nuclear Statement: Yucca Mountain and Private Fuel Storage at Skull Valley." Indigenous Environmental Network. N.p., 14 Apr. 2002 http://www.ienearth.org/indigenous-anti-nuclear-statement-yucca-mountain-and-private-fuel-storage-at-skull-valley/. Pg. 1 |
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+The nuclear industry has waged an undeclared war against our Indigenous peoples and Pacific Islanders |
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+AND |
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+peoples. Indigenous peoples have already made countless sacrifices for this country's nuclear programs |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Not satisfied with land grabbing alone, colonialism has changed to incorporate a policy that pits indigenous people into nuclear dumping and mining.==== |
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+LaDuke 99 ~~Native American environmental activist, All Our Relations: Native Struggles for land and life, p. 2-3~~ |
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+There are over 700 Native nations on the North American continent. Today, in |
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+AND |
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+resources that will provide an equitable allocation between tribal governments and states.' |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====The aff is try or die; natives face a high level nuclear crisis that continually perpetuates colonialism, a ban on nuclear power is key.==== |
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+Endres 9 |
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+Endres, Danielle. "Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies." The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision: Vol 6, No 1. N.p., 17 Feb. 2009. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14791420802632103. Pg. 42 |
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+Now, with over 60 years of uranium mining, nuclear weapons production and nuclear |
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+AND |
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+intersects with sovereignty, nuclearism and colonialism, to which I now turn. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Thus the plan: The USFG in conjunction with the indigenous nations ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power. ==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+==Solvency== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Banning nuclear production is key to upholding tribal sovereignty which ends nuclear colonialism.==== |
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+Endres 9 |
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+Endres, Danielle. "Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies." The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision: Vol 6, No 1. N.p., 17 Feb. 2009. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14791420802632103. Pg. 45-46 |
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+Nuclear communication criticism has focused on examination of the ''practices and processes of communication'' |
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+AND |
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+for the benefit of the colonizer at the expense of their colonial targets. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====For far too long, rhetorical exclusion has been used to exclude and belittle natives; the aff takes a stance against the idea that the US is inherently greater==== |
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+Endres 9 |
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+Endres, Danielle. "Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies." The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision: Vol 6, No 1. N.p., 17 Feb. 2009. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14791420802632103. Pg. 46-47 |
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+Nuclear colonialism is inextricably linked to the concept of rhetorical exclusion. According to John |
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+AND |
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+it is important to establish that there were indeed arguments against the site. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Plan uniquely solves; we open the door to mutual government negotiations which are key to indigenous sovereignty and land rights==== |
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+Endres 9 |
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+Endres, Danielle. "Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies." The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision: Vol 6, No 1. N.p., 17 Feb. 2009. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14791420802632103. Pg. 49-50 |
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+In the Yucca Mountain siting controversy, the federal government named American Indians as members |
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+AND |
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+be asked to sacrifice their lands for the greater good of the nation. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+==Advantages== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====The impact is cultural genocide; indigenous lands are key to the native way of life==== |
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+Edwards 11 ~~Nelta Edwards, associate professor in the Department of Sociology at the University of Alaska-Anchorage, "Nuclear Colonialism and the Social Construction of Landscape in Alaska," Environmental Justice 4.2 (2011): 109-114, http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/env.2010.0023 // myost~~ |
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+It is important to examine the justifications and ramifications surrounding the choice of particular sites |
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+AND |
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+learned it—to keep my land clean continues in Inupiaq.''39 |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====This form of nuclear violence comes from util calculus which devalues entire native populations; reject this colonialist logic that natives are expendable for superpower interests==== |
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+Edwards 11 ~~Nelta Edwards, associate professor in the Department of Sociology at the University of Alaska-Anchorage, "Nuclear Colonialism and the Social Construction of Landscape in Alaska," Environmental Justice 4.2 (2011): 109-114, http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/env.2010.0023 // myost~~ |
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+When nuclear superpowers describe population as ''sparse'' to justify nuclear testing, they employ |
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+AND |
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+done on Native American land due to militarism and coercive state policies.33 |