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+Placing value on any form of rights independence choice people or inclusion is a facade of power that makes it impossible to analyze powers manipulation and use making us vulnerable to attacks from the biopolitical |
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+Chris Drinkwater 05 " Supported Living and the Production of Individuals " in "Foucault and Government of Disability" edited by Shelley Termain, University of Michigan Press, |
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+The esteemed values of rights, independence, choice, and inclusion obscure the actual lived relations of support/power. These ideals provide no hint of the conflict between power and freedom, responsibilities and rights, choice and what are called "developing capacities." The discourse enshrined in Valuing People leaves no space for critical thinking about the actual operations of support, the techniques of normative induction, the persistent "action upon actions" that constitutes the reality of power in the everyday. This discourse is unable to problematize "the way in which knowledge circulates and functions, its relations to power. In short, the régime du savoir" (Foucault 1982, 212). It is as if values cancel out power. "We" employees of the service agencies are exhorted to think constantly about values, rarely about power, never about power relations between service users and support workers—except where service users are deemed to behave in a "manipulative" fashion, in which case they are seen to attempt power play over us. The discourse of valuing does not permit an analysis of "manipulation" as a form of resistance: the resort of the valued subject who simply wishes to make a less than fully valued choice. Whose truth? we may ask. Relations in supported housing continually beg the question. The service user must learn to exercise freedom with responsibility. Support workers understand the concepts and associated practices more clearly than service users, it is assumed. Cultural values must be reinforced. Perhaps it is in the very moment of valuing "the person" (the instance of greatest ethical commitment) that support services exert their greatest subjectifying force, the end of which is the production of a citizen well integrated into the given constitutional framework—of rights, responsibilities, and equal opportunities.5 |
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+**====Human rights **only re-inscribe sovereign power, which inevitably produces bare life as its constitutive feature. Aff gives citizens the right to pursue legal action and places more importance on human rights as we now say police officers are accountable for violations of them,==== |
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+**Gundogdu 15** ~~(Ayten, assistant professor of political science at Barnard University) "Rightlessness in an Age of Rights: Hannah Arendt and the Contemporary Struggles of Migrants" Oxford University Press, 2015~~ AT |
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+Giorgio Agamben makes a distinctive contribution to these contemporary debates by inquiring into the more |
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+AND |
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+now turn to discuss Agamben's distinctive contribution to contemporary debates on human rights. |
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+====By its very existence, law can be suspended by the sovereign, who is outside the law – it is impossible for even the strictest of laws to restrict sovereign power Agamben 98 bracketed for gendered language==== |
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+ (Giorgio, prof of philosophy at univ of Verona) "HOMO SACER: Sovereign Power and Bare Life" available online. All parantheses except those modifying gendered language in original. *we don’t endorse gendered language AT |
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+Juridical = relating to the administration of law |
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+1.1 The paradox of |
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+AND |
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+positive law define the normal case as the realm of its own validity. |
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+====This outweighs A) This turns the aff because their policy will always grant power to the militaristic state, making it only increase the amount of violence in society. B) This functions as terminal defense because the violence will never be solved by the aff because the root cause of violence in the state is the state itself. So long as the state exists so will violence. ==== |
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+====Excluding some life is innate to politics, so political solutions only make the problem worse. Biopolitics brings bare, biological life into the political realm, managing citizens as living bodies or bare life – this makes unlimited and escalating violence inevitable==== |
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+**Ziarek 12 **~~(Ewa Plonowska, Julian Park Professor of Comparative Literature) "9. Bare Life" Impasses of the Post-Global: Theory in the Era of Climate Change, Vol. 2~~ AT |
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+For Agamben, bare life constitutes the original but "concealed nucleus" of Western |
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+AND |
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+life to death, constitutes the "supreme" political principle of genocide. |
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+====The impact outweighs:==== |
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+====A. Root cause – Bare life is the root cause of violence – people are inevitably exposed to violence when they are bare life which makes mass death inevitable – if poor laborers don’t die as a result of low wages, political authority will ensure famine kills them==== |
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+**Marks 15 **~~(Shanee, lecturer in Sociology Department, Boğaziçi University) "Biopolitics on the Installment Plan" Posted Feb16, 2015. presented in the series "Sociology Talks" at the Sociology Department, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul on 27th March 2014~~ AT |
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+Perhaps it is capitalism which is biopolitical and as such both Nazism and liberalism as |
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+AND |
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+risks Greek exit from eurozone" in Guardian online, 15 February 2015)~~ |
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+====B. Value to Life – bare life devalues life itself – this makes every life the aff saves totally meaningless – they can’t win an impact==== |
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+====C. Extinction – Ziarek says violence resulting from bare life is escalating rapidly until it destroys all life – the impact far outweighs the aff==== |
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+====The alt is Rejection of the 1AC's representations of the state it allows us to access "whatever being" – a form of existence that is relevant whatever it is – outside of the debate space- this abolishes the separation of bare and qualified life which solves – every instance of rejection is key, which is a disad to any permutation==== |
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+**Caldwell 4 **(Anne, prof of poli-sci @ U of Louisville, Theory and Event, vol 7(2)) |
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+Can we imagine another form of humanity, and another form of power? The |
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+AND |
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+a non-state world, made up of whatever life, appears. |
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+ |
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+====Alt solves the case – whatever-being cannot be reduced to bare life, which makes violence against it impossible – without bare life, economic violence and denial of access to basic needs becomes impossible==== |
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+And no perm |
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+1. either the perm links or its severance |
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+2. the perm is the exact kind of compromise political movements we critique |
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+3. If they win the perm the judge kicks the alt and votes that the rest of the k turns the aff |