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1		-XWiki.barryrulesandrocks@gmailcom
	1	+XWiki.franceszhuang7@gmailcom

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1		-Check the Palo Alto (CA) wiki page
	1	+
	2	+
	3	+=Nuclear Colonialism 1AC=
	4	+
	5	+
	6	+==Framing==
	7	+
	8	+
	9	+====The end of colonialism is a myth. Colonizers have not left, but instead pursue their own agenda while ignoring natives. Discursive dynamics are prevalent that perpetuate a system of nuclear colonialism. Vote aff to reject the colonialist mindset that natives are inferior.====
	10	+Endres 9
	11	+Endres, Danielle. "Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies." The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision: Vol 6, No 1. N.p., 17 Feb. 2009. <http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14791420802632103>.
	12	+Although the material implications of nuclear colonialism are undeniable, it is important to turn
	13	+AND
	14	+its technopolitical success.''28 Nuclear colonialism is a tale of resource colonialism.
	15	+
	16	+
	17	+====Strategic silence is a tool that shifts the focus away from colonialism; it's time we started talking about the core issues that are hidden by those in power====
	18	+Endres 9
	19	+Endres, Danielle. "Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies." The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision: Vol 6, No 1. N.p., 17 Feb. 2009. <http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14791420802632103>.
	20	+In addition to outlining a decision calculus that shifts the burden of proof in a
	21	+AND
	22	+negation, or silence, we are told, is never complete.''82
	23	+
	24	+
	25	+====The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who best methodologically rejects nuclear colonialism. Including the indigenous voice is key to change. ====
	26	+Endres 9
	27	+Endres, Danielle. "Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies." The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision: Vol 6, No 1. N.p., 17 Feb. 2009. <http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14791420802632103>.
	28	+Nuclear weapons and nuclear power have devastating consequences for local populations surrounding the sites of
	29	+AND
	30	+rhetorical strategies of nuclear colonialism, their consequences, and their continuing legacies.
	31	+
	32	+
	33	+==Inherency==
	34	+
	35	+
	36	+====The history of nuclear energy policy is tied back to nuclear colonialism.====
	37	+IEN 2 "Indigenous Anti-Nuclear Statement: Yucca Mountain and Private Fuel Storage at Skull Valley." Indigenous Environmental Network. N.p., 14 Apr. 2002 <http://www.ienearth.org/indigenous-anti-nuclear-statement-yucca-mountain-and-private-fuel-storage-at-skull-valley/>.
	38	+The nuclear industry has waged an undeclared war against our Indigenous peoples and Pacific Islanders
	39	+AND
	40	+peoples. Indigenous peoples have already made countless sacrifices for this country's nuclear programs
	41	+
	42	+
	43	+====Not satisfied with land grabbing alone, colonialism has changed to incorporate a policy that pits indigenous people into nuclear dumping and mining.====
	44	+LaDuke 99 ~~[Native American environmental activist, All Our Relations: Native Struggles for land and life, p. 2-3~~]
	45	+There are over 700 Native nations on the North American continent. Today, in
	46	+AND
	47	+resources that will provide an equitable allocation between tribal governments and states.'
	48	+
	49	+
	50	+====The aff is try or die; natives face a high level nuclear crisis that continually perpetuates colonialism, a ban on nuclear power is key.====
	51	+Endres 9
	52	+Endres, Danielle. "Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies." The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision: Vol 6, No 1. N.p., 17 Feb. 2009. <http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14791420802632103>.
	53	+Now, with over 60 years of uranium mining, nuclear weapons production and nuclear
	54	+AND
	55	+intersects with sovereignty, nuclearism and colonialism, to which I now turn.
	56	+
	57	+
	58	+====Thus the plan: The USFG in conjunction with the indigenous nations ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power. ====
	59	+
	60	+
	61	+==Solvency==
	62	+
	63	+
	64	+====Banning nuclear production is key to upholding tribal sovereignty which ends nuclear colonialism.====
	65	+Endres 9
	66	+Endres, Danielle. "Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies." The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision: Vol 6, No 1. N.p., 17 Feb. 2009. <http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14791420802632103>.
	67	+Nuclear communication criticism has focused on examination of the ''practices and processes of communication''
	68	+AND
	69	+for the benefit of the colonizer at the expense of their colonial targets.
	70	+
	71	+
	72	+====For far too long, rhetorical exclusion has been used to exclude and belittle natives; the aff takes a stance against the idea that the US is inherently greater====
	73	+Endres 9
	74	+Endres, Danielle. "Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies." The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision: Vol 6, No 1. N.p., 17 Feb. 2009. <http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14791420802632103>.
	75	+Nuclear colonialism is inextricably linked to the concept of rhetorical exclusion. According to John
	76	+AND
	77	+it is important to establish that there were indeed arguments against the site.
	78	+
	79	+
	80	+====Plan uniquely solves; we open the door to mutual government negotiations which are key to indigenous sovereignty and land rights====
	81	+Endres 9
	82	+Endres, Danielle. "Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies." The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision: Vol 6, No 1. N.p., 17 Feb. 2009. <http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14791420802632103>.
	83	+In the Yucca Mountain siting controversy, the federal government named American Indians as members
	84	+AND
	85	+be asked to sacrifice their lands for the greater good of the nation.
	86	+
	87	+
	88	+==Advantages==
	89	+
	90	+
	91	+====The impact is cultural genocide; indigenous lands are key to the native way of life====
	92	+Edwards 11 ~~[Nelta Edwards, associate professor in the Department of Sociology at the University of Alaska-Anchorage, "Nuclear Colonialism and the Social Construction of Landscape in Alaska," Environmental Justice 4.2 (2011): 109-114, http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/env.2010.0023 // myost~~]
	93	+It is important to examine the justifications and ramifications surrounding the choice of particular sites
	94	+AND
	95	+learned it—to keep my land clean <continues in Inupiaq>.''39
	96	+
	97	+
	98	+====This form of nuclear violence comes from util calculus which devalues entire native populations; reject this colonialist logic that natives are expendable for superpower interests====
	99	+Edwards 11 ~~[Nelta Edwards, associate professor in the Department of Sociology at the University of Alaska-Anchorage, "Nuclear Colonialism and the Social Construction of Landscape in Alaska," Environmental Justice 4.2 (2011): 109-114, http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/env.2010.0023 // myost~~]
	100	+When nuclear superpowers describe population as ''sparse'' to justify nuclear testing, they employ
	101	+AND
	102	+done on Native American land due to militarism and coercive state policies.33
	103	+
	104	+
	105	+