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-====Counterplan text: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict constitutionally protected speech other than fraternity advertising, organization, or membership.==== |
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-====Competes through net benefits and mutual exclusivity, aff advocates that all forms of constitutionally protected speech should be allowed. Fraternities are protected by the First Amendment's right to free speech. Greg Lukianoff, an award-winning author, writes in 2015:==== |
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-Lukianoff 11 Greg Lukianoff (President and CEO, Foundation for Individual Rights in Education), "To Survive, Fraternities Need to Stand for Something, Anything," Huffington Post, 8/1/2015 AZ |
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-A lot of fraternities seem to know that their freedom of association is protected by the First Amendment. (While the freedom to join and form groups is not technically listed in the text of the First Amendment, it is understood to arise~~s~~ from the protections of freedom of speech and the right to assembly.) What fraternities often do not know, however, is that there are several different kinds of freedom of association protected by the First Amendment, and they are not all made equal. The strongest kind of freedom of association protected by the First Amendment is the right to "intimate" association, best represented by the family. Our government recognizes that the bonds of family are particularly important and that it should do its best to avoid actions that interfere with this bond. The second strongest kind of freedom of association is called "expressive" association. Sensibly, courts understand that the right to freedom of expression would not mean a great deal if we are forbidden from joining together with like-minded individuals to amplify the power of our voices and take collective action. This understanding forms the basis of our right to form groups around commonly held beliefs whether they are religious, secular, or ideological. Everything from Mothers Against Drunk Driving to NORML is a kind of expressive association. (This includes my nonprofit, the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, as well.) |
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-====Expert consensus agrees that nowadays, fraternities are sites of rape. While the system may have started with honorable intentions, fraternities have become some of the most dangerous sites on campus. Andrew Lohse, a former member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon at Dartmouth, writes in 2015:==== |
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-Andrew Lohse ~~former member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon at Dartmouth College and the author of "Confessions of an Ivy league Frat Boy"~~. Why fraternities need to be abolished. March 20, 2015. http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/why-fraternities-need-be-abolished. FZ. |
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-The idea that Greek organizations can self-reform or self-regulate – especially on an issue as crucial as campus sexual assault – is as ludicrous as arguing that Goldman Sachs should run the SEC. After all, a much-cited 2007 study showed that fraternity members are 300 more likely to commit rape than non-affiliated students. This study wasn’t an outlier, but the third of its kind confirming the same data. |
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-====The root cause of this issue is fraternities. Lohse continues:==== |
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-How can we expect higher education to be a ladder of opportunity for all students if neither universities nor the federal government can ensure basic safety by eradicating the hostile environment that is privileged, perpetuated, and protected by these organizations? As a former member of Dartmouth College’s SAE – a house notorious for its foul hazing – I’ve witnessed how the hyper-masculine groupthink that supposedly builds a fraternity "brotherhood" is the same cult psychology that teaches young men to do things they’d never do on their own. |
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-====Studies also prove that fraternities are home to extremely unhealthy practices antithetical to academic growth, including but not limited to binge drinking. Jake New, a reporter who specializes in on-campus subjects, writes in 2015:==== |
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-Jake New. Bad Apples or The Barrel? April 15, 2015. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2015/04/15/how-widespread-are-issues-facing-fraternities. FZ. |
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-Another study published in the NASPA Journal in 2009 found that 86 percent of fraternity house residents engaged in binge drinking, compared to 45 percent of nonfraternity men. Fraternity members were twice as likely as nonfraternity men to fall behind in academic work, engage in unplanned sex or be injured due to drinking. Fraternity members were more likely to have unprotected sex, damage property and drive while under the influence of alcohol. Since 2005, at least 70 students have died in fraternity-related incidents, most of them connected to hazing and alcohol. "It's not just a stereotype," said George Koob, the director of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. "There’s pretty good evidence that fraternity individuals are drinking more, particularly in the heavy range of binge drinking. They have more problems associated with drinking." |
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-====Ban on campus fraternities solves – even banning fraternity advertising alone is good. Jon Schuppe writes for NBC News in 2015:==== |
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-Jon Schuppe. Fraternity Crackdown: Universities Are Clamping Down Hard, But Do Bans Work? March 10, 2015. http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/scrutiny-fraternities-prompts-crackdowns-greek-life-n320211. FZ. |
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-"If students are showing dangerous behavior or taking different types of risks, it's up to us to step in to try to grab their attention and say, 'This is unacceptable,'" said Corey Farris, dean of students at West Virginia University, which lifted its suspension in January after working with the fraternities to improve their codes of conduct. "I also think there's a cultural shift where society and parents are less tolerant of it. And people are more willing to step up and speak out." |