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+=Habermas NC MW= |
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+==1NC== |
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+===Framework=== |
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+====Agents lack the ability to fully ground knowledge since people come to their own conclusions, so our perspectives is the most indicative of truth.==== |
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+Anker 09 Michael Anker "The Ethics of Unvertainty: Aporetic Openings" 2009 Atropos Press MW |
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+As mentioned and affirmed, all things (concepts, words, objects, subjects |
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+AND |
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+furthermore affirms the uncertainty of an indeterminate subject, object, and conceptual becoming |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Each agent has their own experience that makes their ethics unique, so ethics should focus in closing the gap between agents==== |
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+Nagel 86 Thomas Nagel "The View from Nowhere" 1986 Oxford University Press https://www.scribd.com/doc/168073579/Nagel-The-View-From-Nowhere-pdf MW |
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+In the pursuit of this goal, however, even at its most successful, |
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+AND |
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+any objective conception of reality must include an acknowledgment of its own incompleteness. |
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+ |
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+====NC framework outweighs AC. It their framework were true it could only be understood and acted upon through interactions within the community. Any ethic must facilitate inclusion to derive a truth.==== |
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+Habermas 98 Jurgen Habermas "The Inclusion of the Other: Studies in Political Theory" MIT Press 1998 MW |
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+In the absence of a substantive agreement on particular norms, the participants must now |
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+AND |
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+good, from the form and perspectival structure of unimpaired, intersubjective socialization. |
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+====Justifying an ethical theory means nothing if the agent isn't included in the discussion. We can only understand and create ethics through discourse.==== |
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+Habermas 2 Jurgen Habermas "The Inclusion of the Other: Studies in Political Theory" MIT Press 1998 |
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+Social interactions mediated by the use of language oriented to mutual understanding are constitutive for |
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+AND |
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+seated than the tangible vulnerability of bodily integrity, though connected with it. |
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+ |
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+====The state only has power to make decisions from the communicative process.==== |
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+Flynn, (Jeffery, Communicative Power in Habermas's Theory of Democracy, Middlebury College, Vermont, European Journal of Political Theory) |
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+Habermas argues that the attempt to interpret popular sovereignty in procedural terms must be ' |
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+AND |
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+administrative power is only legitimate if bound to this discursively generated communicative power. |
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+====Thus the standard is ensuring equal inclusion in discourse==== |
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+===Contention=== |
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+====Hate speech is a huge problem on college campuses==== |
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+Ma 95 Alice K. Ma "Campus Hate Speech Codes: Affirmative Action in the Allocation of Speech Rights" California Law Review Volume 83 Issue 2 http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1679andcontext=californialawreview MW |
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+It should not be surprising, therefore, that hate crime and hate speech permeate |
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+AND |
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+a right which must be made available to all on equal terms.28 |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Hate speech preempts the ability for agents to be in an equal discursive position==== |
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+Lawrence 90 Charles Lawrence III "If He Hollers Let Him Go: Regulating Racist Speech On Campus." Duke Law Journal, Vol. 1990, No. 3. June 01, 1990. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1372554?seq=1~~#page_scan_tab_contents MW |
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+Face-to-face racial insults, like fighting words, are undeserving of |
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+AND |
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+survival techniques of suppressing and disguising rage and anger at an early age. |
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+====College Speech codes create an increase of free speech. 3 warrants==== |
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+Garrett 02 Deanna M. Garrett Deanna M. Garrett graduated from the University of Virginia in 1997 with a bachelor's degree in Religious Studies and a minor in Biology. She is a second-year HESA student and a Graduate Assistant in the Department of Residential Life. "Silenced Voices: Hate Speech Codes on Campus" University of Vermont July 29, 2002 http://www.uvm.edu/~~vtconn/?Page=v20/garrett.html MW |
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+Advocates of hate speech codes contend that the inclusion of racist, sexist, and |
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+AND |
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+shock" of racist speech systematically preempts response. (p. 143) |