Changes for page Oakwood Wareham Aff
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... ... @@ -1,19 +1,0 @@ 1 -Debaters may not say that all shells should be evaluated at the end of the 2NR, not the 2AR, AND say that the aff can’t read theory spikes in the aff. 2 - 3 -Topicality interpretations must be disclosed on the NDCA LD wiki under the debater’s name at last ten minutes before the round. 4 - 5 -Debaters may not read counterplans that fiat an increase in nuclear power from the government. To clarify, the CP can still result in an increase, but it can’t necessarily happen because of the way the CP fiats. 6 - 7 -Debaters may not read extinction impacts, or read weighing arguments that say extinction impacts should be preferred. 8 - 9 -All theory interpretations must have an interpretation advocate, defined as an author who has publicly defended the interp in writing. 10 -Palmer 15 Chris (coach for Lexington) “A theory of theory” azuen 3-3-15 http://www.azuen.net/2015/03/03/a-theory-of-theory/ JW 11 -So I propose ... do the same. 12 - 13 -Debaters may not say that legal actions are not binding, universal bans are morally prohibited because of particularism, and that the aff violates self-ownership by shutting down nuclear reactors which is bad because of humanity’s intrinsic worth. 14 - 15 -If the neg reads a kritik of the aff advocacy, assumptions, or representations, they must have a text in the 1nc that clarifies their alternative advocacy 16 - 17 -Debaters must link their role of the ballot warrants to a normative theory that determines what counts as good and bad. To clarify, they may not say that the role of the ballot prevents x without warranting why x is normatively bad. 18 - 19 -Debaters may not defend a rejection of capitalism without a) specifying in their speech what this rejection entails, or b) specifying an alternate system to capitalism. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,90 +1,0 @@ 1 -The role of the ballot is to evaluate the simulated consequences of the aff policy. 2 - 3 -The state is inevitable- speaking the language of power through policymaking is the only way to create social change in debate. 4 -Coverstone 5 Alan Coverstone (masters in communication from Wake Forest, longtime debate coach) “Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact” Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference November 17th 2005 JW 11/18/15 5 -An important concern ... in America today. 6 - 7 -Adv 1 = Crime 8 - 9 -Crime is high now—low trust in police is the root cause. 10 -The Week 15 “Violent crime surges in US cities: is 'Ferguson effect' to blame?” June 3rd 2015 http://www.theweek.co.uk/63860/violent-crime-surges-in-us-cities-is-ferguson-effect-to-blame JW 11 -Violent crime is ... part as well." 12 - 13 -The plan is key to rebuilding trust between police and civilians offsetting the perception that police are unaccountable. 14 -De Stefan 16 Lindsey De Stefan (J.D. Candidate, 2017, Seton Hall University School of Law; B.A., Ramapo College of New Jersey) ““No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:” How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct” Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850 2017 http://scholarship.shu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1861andcontext=student_scholarship JW 15 -Altering the qualified ... the citizen- police relationship. 16 - 17 -Police legitimacy is nearing an irreversible collapse—rebuilding trust now is key. 18 -Ryback 8/5 R.T. Ryback “Police, race and crime: We're not a point of no return on trust, but we're close” Star Tribune August 5th 2016 http://www.startribune.com/police-race-and-crime-we-re-not-a-point-of-no-return-on-trust-but-we-re-close/389346501/ JW 19 -A few weeks ... solve deeper issues. 20 - 21 -Police legitimacy is key to preventing crime. 22 -NIJ 16 National Institute of Justice “Race, Trust and Police Legitimacy” July 14th 2016 http://www.nij.gov/topics/law-enforcement/legitimacy/pages/welcome.aspx JW 23 -Research consistently shows ... within one's neighborhood. 1 24 - 25 -The US has soft power now. 26 -Nye 15 Joseph (Distinguished Service Professor, Harvard Kennedy School of Government; Author, Is the American Century Over?) “Charting the Next American Century” March 4th 2015 Council on Foreign Relations http://www.cfr.org/united-states/charting-next-american-century/p36194#ER JW 27 -NYE: This is ... the United States. 28 - 29 -Lowering crime is key to maintaining soft power. 30 -Falk 12 Richard (United Nations Special Rapporteur on Palestinian human rights) “When soft power is hard” Al Jazeera July 28th 2012 http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/07/201272212435524825.html 31 -This unabashed avowal ... cure unknown", applies. 32 - 33 -Soft power solves multiple existential threats. 34 -Lagon 11 Mark P. (International Relations and Security Chair at Georgetown University's Master of Science in Foreign Service Program and adjunct senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. He is the former US Ambassador-at-Large to Combat Trafficking in Persons at the US Department of State) “The Value of Values: Soft Power Under Obama” World Affairs Journal Sept/Oct 2011 http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/article/value-values-soft-power-under-obama#ER 35 -Despite large economic ... is seriously amiss. 36 - 37 -Adv 2 = Police Brutality 38 - 39 -The “clearly established” clause of qualified immunity allows police brutality to continue with no deterrence—limitation is needed. 40 -Wright 15 Sam (public interest lawyer) “Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity” November 3rd 2015 Above the Law http://abovethelaw.com/2015/11/want-to-fight-police-misconduct-reform-qualified-immunity/ JW 41 -Under ArrestRecently, police ... to make it happen. 42 - 43 -Qualified immunity sets a precedent for dismissal of civil rights suits, which maintains the legitimacy of the police state. 44 -Carter 15 Tom (World Socialist Website) “US Supreme Court expands immunity for killer cops” International Committee of the Fourth International November 12th 2015 45 -With the death ... kill a cop!’” 46 - 47 -Police brutality causes numerous physiological and psychological harms to minorities. 48 -Turner and Richardson 16 Erlanger A. Turner (Assistant Professor of Psychology, University of Houston-Downtown) and Jasmine Richardson (BS earned her psychology degree from the University of Houston- Downtown (UHD)) “Racial Trauma is Real: The Impact of Police Shootings on African Americans” Psychology Benefits Society July 14th 2016 https://psychologybenefits.org/2016/07/14/racial-trauma-police-shootings-on-african-americans/ JW 49 -There have been ... as an expected outcome 50 - 51 -Police brutality undermines US diplomacy power. 52 -Pullen 14 Bethany “The Achilles Heel of U.S. Public Diplomacy: Race Relations and Police Violence” http://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/blog/achilles-heel-us-public-diplomacy-race-relations-and-police-violence September 8th 2014 JW 53 -It is a ... promoting legislative changes. 54 - 55 -Absent continued diplomacy, conflict becomes inevitable 56 -Grygiel 8 Jakub (George H. W. Bush Associate Professor at The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies) May 1st 2008 “The Diplomacy Fallacy” American Interest http://www.the-american-interest.com/2008/05/01/the-diplomacy-fallacy/ 57 -These three conditions ... interest is impossible. 58 - 59 -Effective diplomacy solves nuke war. 60 -Ross 99 Douglas (professor of political science at Simon Fraser University) “Canada’s functional isolationism and the future of weapons of mass destruction” International Journal lexis 61 -Thus, an easily ... or other WMD. 62 - 63 -Plan Text 64 -Resolved: the United States will replace the ‘clearly established’ standard in qualified immunity doctrines with a ‘clearly unconstitutional’ standard. 65 - 66 -The plan solves by providing adequate civil rights protections while maintaining consistency with current law- that no-links disads. 67 -Jeffries 10 John C. (University of Virginia School of Law) “What’s Wrong With Qualified Immunity?” University of Virginia School of Law Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper Series No. 2010-21 JW 68 -A second suggestion ... is ―clearly unconstitutional.‖ 84 69 - 70 -Framework 71 - 72 -Phenomenal introspection is reliable and proves that util’s true. 73 -Sinhababu Neil (National University of Singapore) “The epistemic argument for hedonism” http://philpapers.org/archive/SINTEA-3 accessed 2-4-16 JW 74 -The Odyssey's treatment ... not egoistic hedonism. 75 - 76 -Thus, the standard is maximizing happiness. Prefer the standard: 77 - 78 -1. Reductionism: personal identity doesn’t exist. 79 -Olson Eric T. (Professor of Philosophy at the University of Sheffield) “Personal Identity” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Aug 20, 2002; substantive revision Oct 28, 2010 http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/identity-personal/#PsyApp JW 80 -Whatever psychological continuity ... once: a contradiction. 81 - 82 -2. Moral uncertainty means we should prevent extinction—it’s irreversible and prevents ethical deliberation or value. 83 -Bostrom 13 Nick Bostrom (Professor, Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School Director, Future of Humanity Institute Director, Oxford Martin Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology University of Oxford) “Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority” Global Policy Volume 4 . Issue 1 . February 2013 http://www.existential-risk.org/concept.pdf JW 84 -Keeping our options ... any existential catastrophe. 85 - 86 -Underview 87 - 88 -Critique is useless without a concrete policy option that solves for your harms. 89 -Bryant 12 Levi Bryant (Professor of Philosophy at Collin College) “A Critique of the Academic Left” 2012 https://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/ JW 90 -Unfortunately, the academic ... distribution of medicines, etc., etc., etc. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,95 +1,0 @@ 1 -The role of the ballot is to evaluate the simulated consequences of the aff policy. 2 - 3 -The state is inevitable- speaking the language of power through policymaking is the only way to create social change in debate. 4 -Coverstone 5 Alan Coverstone (masters in communication from Wake Forest, longtime debate coach) “Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact” Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference November 17th 2005 JW 11/18/15 5 -An important concern emerges when Mitchell describes reflexive fiat as a contest strategy capable of 6 -AND 7 -that is a fundamental cause of voter and participatory abstention in America today. 8 - 9 -The standard is maximizing happiness. 10 - 11 -Moral uncertainty means we should prevent extinction—it’s irreversible and prevents ethical deliberation or value. 12 -Bostrom 13 Nick Bostrom (Professor, Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School Director, Future of Humanity Institute Director, Oxford Martin Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology University of Oxford) “Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority” Global Policy Volume 4 . Issue 1 . February 2013 http://www.existential-risk.org/concept.pdf JW 13 -Keeping our options alive These reflections on moral uncertainty suggests an alternative 14 -AND 15 -of value. To do this, we must prevent any existential catastrophe. 16 - 17 -The Advantage is Police Misconduct 18 - 19 -Qualified immunity in right-to-record cases chills police recordings aimed at preventing misconduct—re-articulation is key. 20 -Derrick 13 Geoffrey (Federal Defenders of San Diego, Inc.; American Civil Liberties Union, Fellow, Center for Appellate Litigation, New York, NY. J.D., magna cum laude, 2012, Boston University School of Law; B.S., 2007, Northwestern University) “Qualified Immunity and the First Amendment Right to Record Police” 22 B.U. Pub. Int. L.J. 243 September 9th 2013 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2202388 JW 21 -Citizens nationwide have begun using cell phones to make audio and audio- visual recordings 22 -AND 23 -unguided discretion and better notify citizens about the extent of their recording rights. 24 - 25 -Audio and visual recordings of police have the potential to drastically reduce police brutality—ensuring that officers understand the impact of technology is key. 26 -Ly 14 Laura “Can cell phones stop police brutality?” November 19th 2014 http://www.cnn.com/2014/11/18/us/police-cell-phone-videos/ JW 27 -Stanley said he believes authorities are simply still adjusting to the availability of new technology 28 -AND 29 -with cameras and 75 fewer use-of-force complaints overall. 30 - 31 -Strongly established ‘right to record’ is key to preventing police misconduct—other methods of accountability fail. 32 -Derrick 13 Geoffrey (Federal Defenders of San Diego, Inc.; American Civil Liberties Union, Fellow, Center for Appellate Litigation, New York, NY. J.D., magna cum laude, 2012, Boston University School of Law; B.S., 2007, Northwestern University) “Qualified Immunity and the First Amendment Right to Record Police” 22 B.U. Pub. Int. L.J. 243 September 9th 2013 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2202388 JW 33 -The First Amendment enshrines the right of citizens to petition the government for a redress 34 -AND 35 -pate in a new form of twenty-first-century police accountability. 36 - 37 -Two impacts: 38 - 39 -1. Police brutality causes numerous physiological and psychological harms to minorities. 40 -Turner and Richardson 16 Erlanger A. Turner (Assistant Professor of Psychology, University of Houston-Downtown) and Jasmine Richardson (BS earned her psychology degree from the University of Houston- Downtown (UHD)) “Racial Trauma is Real: The Impact of Police Shootings on African Americans” Psychology Benefits Society July 14th 2016 https://psychologybenefits.org/2016/07/14/racial-trauma-police-shootings-on-african-americans/ JW 41 -There have been many changes within the criminal justice system as a means to deter 42 -AND 43 -have long-term goals, and frequently view dying as an expected outcome 44 - 45 -2. Police brutality undermines US diplomacy power. 46 -Pullen 14 Bethany “The Achilles Heel of U.S. Public Diplomacy: Race Relations and Police Violence” http://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/blog/achilles-heel-us-public-diplomacy-race-relations-and-police-violence September 8th 2014 JW 47 -It is a contradiction that has plagued America since the very beginning. It was 48 -AND 49 -by the State Department, nor any public commitment to promoting legislative changes. 50 - 51 -Absent continued diplomacy, conflict becomes inevitable 52 -Grygiel 8 Jakub (George H. W. Bush Associate Professor at The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies) May 1st 2008 “The Diplomacy Fallacy” American Interest http://www.the-american-interest.com/2008/05/01/the-diplomacy-fallacy/ 53 -These three conditions and current trends affecting them obviously do not suffice as a complete 54 -AND 55 -from recognition that a diplomatic solution to a conflict of interest is impossible. 56 - 57 -Effective diplomacy solves nuke war. 58 -Ross 99 Douglas (professor of political science at Simon Fraser University) “Canada’s functional isolationism and the future of weapons of mass destruction” International Journal lexis 59 -Thus, an easily accessible tax base has long been available for spending much more 60 -AND 61 -community have any plausible hope of avoiding warfare involving nuclear or other WMD. 62 - 63 -Plan Text 64 - 65 -Resolved: the United States Supreme Court should mandate Saucier’s merits-first adjudicatory model for qualified immunity in First Amendment cases. 66 -Derrick 13 Geoffrey (Federal Defenders of San Diego, Inc.; American Civil Liberties Union, Fellow, Center for Appellate Litigation, New York, NY. J.D., magna cum laude, 2012, Boston University School of Law; B.S., 2007, Northwestern University) “Qualified Immunity and the First Amendment Right to Record Police” 22 B.U. Pub. Int. L.J. 243 September 9th 2013 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2202388 JW 67 -Mandating Saucier’s merits-first adjudicatory model in First Amendment cases where chilling is a 68 -AND 69 -different remedies . . . depending on the alternatives.”286 70 - 71 -Underview 72 - 73 -Critique is useless without a concrete policy option that solves for your harms. 74 -Bryant 12 Levi Bryant (Professor of Philosophy at Collin College) “A Critique of the Academic Left” 2012 https://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/ JW 75 -Unfortunately, the academic left falls prey to its own form of abstraction. It’s 76 -AND 77 -of shelters, the distribution of medicines, etc., etc., etc. 78 - 79 -Excessive focus on discourse and representations kills the liberal movements you seek to promote. 80 -Chait 15 Jonathan Chait “How the language police are perverting liberalism.” NY Magazine January 275h 2015 http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/01/not-a-very-pc-thing-to-say.html JW 81 -Or maybe not. The p.c. style of politics has one serious 82 -AND 83 -confidence in the ultimate power of reason, not coercion, to triumph. 84 - 85 -Oppression is created by social systems so only a focus on material conditions can solve. 86 -Johnson no date Allan Johnson (PhD in sociology, he joined the sociology department at Wesleyan University) http://www.cabrillo.edu/~lroberts/AlanJohnsonWhatCanWeDO001.pdf JW 87 -Privilege is a feature of social systems, not individuals. People have or don't 88 -AND 89 -and behave as individuals, how we see ourselves and one another. 90 - 91 -Legal debates are key to short-term survival of oppressed populations. Whether the law is good or bad, legal education is crucial to empowerment. 92 -Arkles et al 10 (Gabriel Arkles, Pooja Gehi and Elana Redfield, The Role of Lawyers in Trans Liberation: Building a Transformative Movement for Social Change, Seattle Journal for Social Justice, 8 Seattle J. Soc. Just. 579, Spring / Summer, 2010, LN) 93 -While agenda-setting by lawyers can lead to the replication of patterns of elitism 94 -AND 95 -going to continue to have to navigate government agencies and organizations to survive. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,94 +1,0 @@ 1 -Phenomenal introspection is reliable and proves that util’s true. 2 -Sinhababu Neil (National University of Singapore) “The epistemic argument for hedonism” http://philpapers.org/archive/SINTEA-3 accessed 2-4-16 JW 3 -The Odyssey's treatment of these events demonstrates how dramatically ancient Greek moral intuitions differ from 4 -AND 5 -favors the kind of universal hedonism that supports utilitarianism, not egoistic hedonism. 6 - 7 -Thus, the standard is maximizing happiness. 8 - 9 -Moral uncertainty means we should prevent extinction—it’s irreversible and prevents ethical deliberation or value. 10 -Bostrom 13 Nick Bostrom (Professor, Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School Director, Future of Humanity Institute Director, Oxford Martin Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology University of Oxford) “Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority” Global Policy Volume 4 . Issue 1 . February 2013 http://www.existential-risk.org/concept.pdf JW 11 -Keeping our options alive These reflections on moral uncertainty suggests an alternative 12 -AND 13 -of value. To do this, we must prevent any existential catastrophe. 14 - 15 -Plan Text 16 - 17 -Resolved: the State Courts of the United States ought to limit qualified immunity in cases of police ignorance of the law as established by Heien v. North Carolina. 18 - 19 -State courts can and should decline to follow the opinion of the Supreme Court—Heien V. North Carolina is detrimental to rights of citizens. 20 -Coburn ’16 ARTICLE: THE SUPREME COURT'S MISTAKE ON LAW ENFORCEMENT MISTAKE OF LAW: WHY STATES SHOULD NOT ADOPT HEIEN V. NORTH CAROLINA. NAME: MADISON COBURN Madison Coburn, Staff Editor, Mississippi Law Journal; J.D. Candidate 2017, University of Mississippi School of Law. The author wishes to thank her family and Dean Jack Wade Nowlin of the University of Mississippi School of Law. Without Dean Nowlin's patience, guidance, and support, this Article would not have been possible.. Copyright © 2016 Wake Forest University School of Law. All Rights Reserved. Wake Forest Journal of Law and Policy 21 -As Justice Brennan famously observed, "examples abound where state courts have 22 -AND 23 -should afford citizens greater privacy protections than the Supreme Court did in Heien. 24 - 25 -Advantage 1 = the War on Drugs 26 - 27 -Unchecked qualified immunity makes expansion of the police state and drug wars inevitable—Heien v. North Carolina is at the core of the modern war on drugs. 28 -Meads ’16 The War Against Ourselves: Heien v. North Carolina, the War on Drugs, and Police Militarization. Mallory Meads B.S. 2012, University of Florida; J.D. Candidate 2016, University of Miami School of Law . University of Miami Law School. 2016. 29 -Heien v. North Carolina, 143 another case dealing with the War on Drugs 30 -AND 31 -price that our society must pay in order to preserve its freedom.”158 32 - 33 -Perpetuation of the war on drugs means terrorism is self-sustaining; it creates funding and recruit for radical groups. Glenny ‘16 34 -Misha Glenny. To win the war on terror, forget the war on drugs. 2016. https://www.ft.com/content/808c348e-a4db-11e5-a91e-162b86790c58 35 -The terms may no longer be politically correct but western governments continue to wage both 36 -AND 37 -only bad politics to resist drug law reform — it is downright immoral. 38 - 39 -Extinction. 40 -Rhodes 9 Richard (a visiting scholar at Harvard and MIT, and currently he is an affiliate of the Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford University. Rhodes is the author of The Making of the Atomic Bomb (1986), which won the Pulitzer Prize in Nonfiction, National Book Award, and National Book Critics Circle Award) “Reducing the nuclear threat: The argument for public safety” December 14th 2009 JW 41 -The response was very different among nuclear and national security experts when Indiana Republican Sen 42 -AND 43 -nothing to do with those attacks in the name of sending a message. 44 - 45 -The drug war causes mass incarceration and creates the predominant mode of racist social control—there is no more damaging act against communities of color currently than the war on drugs. Alexander ‘06 46 -Alexander, Director of the Civil Rights Clinic at Stanford Law School 2006 Michelle, Federalism, Race, and Criminal Justice, Chapter pp. 219-228 47 -Most Americans today can look back and see slavery and Jim Crow laws for what 48 -AND 49 -manifestation of deliberate indifference-or downright hostility-to communities of color. 50 - 51 -The AFF doesn’t reduce police effectiveness, established proper standard of conduct is key to a well-functioning police system. Coburn ‘16 52 -ARTICLE: THE SUPREME COURT'S MISTAKE ON LAW ENFORCEMENT MISTAKE OF LAW: WHY STATES SHOULD NOT ADOPT HEIEN V. NORTH CAROLINA. NAME: MADISON COBURN Madison Coburn, Staff Editor, Mississippi Law Journal; J.D. Candidate 2017, University of Mississippi School of Law. The author wishes to thank her family and Dean Jack Wade Nowlin of the University of Mississippi School of Law. Without Dean Nowlin's patience, guidance, and support, this Article would not have been possible.. Copyright © 2016 Wake Forest University School of Law. All Rights Reserved. Wake Forest Journal of Law and Policy 53 -Of course, there is a cost to the benefit of applying the exclusionary rule 54 -AND 55 -on even a valid statute is not enough to trigger the exclusionary rule. 56 - 57 -Adv 2 = policing 58 - 59 -Granting qualified immunity when the police are ignorant hurts citizens and prevents clarification of law. 60 -Justice Sotomayor (dissenting), 14 61 -SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES, Heien v North Carolina, CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT OF NORTH CAROLINA, December 15, 2014, Syllabus, https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/14pdf/13-604_ec8f.pdf 62 -I would hold that determining whether a search or seizure is reasonable requires evaluating an 63 -AND 64 -to justify a seizure under the Fourth Amendment. I respectfully dissent. 65 - 66 -Ignorance should not be an excuse for qualified immunity – harms victims of police abuse. 67 -Perry, 16 68 -Matthew Perry, 3-3-2016, "Qualified Immunity Must Go," Washington Square News, http://www.nyunews.com/2016/03/03/qualified-immunity-must-go/ 69 -“Ignorance of the law is no excuse.” It’s the first thing you learn 70 -AND 71 -we respect ourselves and our sovereignty at all, we must remove it. 72 - 73 - 74 -The role of the ballot is to evaluate the simulated consequences of the aff policy. 75 - 76 -1. The state is inevitable- speaking the language of power through policymaking is the only way to create social change in debate. 77 -Coverstone 5 Alan Coverstone (masters in communication from Wake Forest, longtime debate coach) “Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact” Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference November 17th 2005 JW 11/18/15 78 -An important concern emerges when Mitchell describes reflexive fiat as a contest strategy capable of 79 -AND 80 -that is a fundamental cause of voter and participatory abstention in America today. 81 - 82 -2. The 1AC acknowledges the state is bad in many ways. However, the aff uses state as heuristic which doesn’t affirm its legitimacy but allows enhanced governmental resistance. 83 -Zanotti 14 Dr. Laura Zanotti (Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech) “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database 84 -By questioning substantialist representations of power and subjects, inquiries on the possibilities of political 85 -AND 86 -position leads not to apathy but to hyper- and pessimistic activism.’’84 87 - 88 -3. Fairness. 89 - 90 -4. Legal debates are key to short-term survival of oppressed populations. Whether the law is good or bad, legal education is crucial to empowerment. 91 -Arkles et al 10 (Gabriel Arkles, Pooja Gehi and Elana Redfield, The Role of Lawyers in Trans Liberation: Building a Transformative Movement for Social Change, Seattle Journal for Social Justice, 8 Seattle J. Soc. Just. 579, Spring / Summer, 2010, LN) 92 -While agenda-setting by lawyers can lead to the replication of patterns of elitism 93 -AND 94 -going to continue to have to navigate government agencies and organizations to survive. - EntryDate
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- Cites
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,11 @@ 1 +Debaters may not say that all shells should be evaluated at the end of the 2NR, not the 2AR, AND say that the aff can’t read theory spikes in the aff. 2 + 3 +Topicality interpretations must be disclosed on the NDCA LD wiki under the debater’s name at last ten minutes before the round. 4 + 5 +Debaters may not read counterplans that fiat an increase in nuclear power from the government. To clarify, the CP can still result in an increase, but it can’t necessarily happen because of the way the CP fiats. 6 + 7 +Debaters may not read extinction impacts, or read weighing arguments that say extinction impacts should be preferred. 8 + 9 +All theory interpretations must have an interpretation advocate, defined as an author who has publicly defended the interp in writing. 10 +Palmer 15 Chris (coach for Lexington) “A theory of theory” azuen 3-3-15 http://www.azuen.net/2015/03/03/a-theory-of-theory/ JW 11 +So I propose ... do the same. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2016-09-26 21:53:34.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +x - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +x - ParentRound
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +13 - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +9 - Team
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Oakwood Wareham Aff - Title
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +0 - Broken Interps - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +all
- Caselist.RoundClass[13]
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- Cites
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +12 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2016-09-26 21:53:25.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +x - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +x - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +9 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +all