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-The role of the ballot is to evaluate the simulated consequences of the aff policy. |
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-The state is inevitable- speaking the language of power through policymaking is the only way to create social change in debate. |
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-Coverstone 5 Alan Coverstone (masters in communication from Wake Forest, longtime debate coach) “Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact” Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference November 17th 2005 JW 11/18/15 |
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-An important concern ... in America today. |
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-Adv 1 = Crime |
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-Crime is high now—low trust in police is the root cause. |
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-The Week 15 “Violent crime surges in US cities: is 'Ferguson effect' to blame?” June 3rd 2015 http://www.theweek.co.uk/63860/violent-crime-surges-in-us-cities-is-ferguson-effect-to-blame JW |
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-Violent crime is ... part as well." |
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-The plan is key to rebuilding trust between police and civilians offsetting the perception that police are unaccountable. |
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-De Stefan 16 Lindsey De Stefan (J.D. Candidate, 2017, Seton Hall University School of Law; B.A., Ramapo College of New Jersey) ““No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:” How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct” Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850 2017 http://scholarship.shu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1861andcontext=student_scholarship JW |
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-Altering the qualified ... the citizen- police relationship. |
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-Police legitimacy is nearing an irreversible collapse—rebuilding trust now is key. |
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-Ryback 8/5 R.T. Ryback “Police, race and crime: We're not a point of no return on trust, but we're close” Star Tribune August 5th 2016 http://www.startribune.com/police-race-and-crime-we-re-not-a-point-of-no-return-on-trust-but-we-re-close/389346501/ JW |
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-A few weeks ... solve deeper issues. |
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-Police legitimacy is key to preventing crime. |
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-NIJ 16 National Institute of Justice “Race, Trust and Police Legitimacy” July 14th 2016 http://www.nij.gov/topics/law-enforcement/legitimacy/pages/welcome.aspx JW |
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-Research consistently shows ... within one's neighborhood. 1 |
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-The US has soft power now. |
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-Nye 15 Joseph (Distinguished Service Professor, Harvard Kennedy School of Government; Author, Is the American Century Over?) “Charting the Next American Century” March 4th 2015 Council on Foreign Relations http://www.cfr.org/united-states/charting-next-american-century/p36194#ER JW |
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-NYE: This is ... the United States. |
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-Lowering crime is key to maintaining soft power. |
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-Falk 12 Richard (United Nations Special Rapporteur on Palestinian human rights) “When soft power is hard” Al Jazeera July 28th 2012 http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/07/201272212435524825.html |
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-This unabashed avowal ... cure unknown", applies. |
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-Soft power solves multiple existential threats. |
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-Lagon 11 Mark P. (International Relations and Security Chair at Georgetown University's Master of Science in Foreign Service Program and adjunct senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. He is the former US Ambassador-at-Large to Combat Trafficking in Persons at the US Department of State) “The Value of Values: Soft Power Under Obama” World Affairs Journal Sept/Oct 2011 http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/article/value-values-soft-power-under-obama#ER |
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-Despite large economic ... is seriously amiss. |
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-Adv 2 = Police Brutality |
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-The “clearly established” clause of qualified immunity allows police brutality to continue with no deterrence—limitation is needed. |
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-Wright 15 Sam (public interest lawyer) “Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity” November 3rd 2015 Above the Law http://abovethelaw.com/2015/11/want-to-fight-police-misconduct-reform-qualified-immunity/ JW |
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-Under ArrestRecently, police ... to make it happen. |
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-Qualified immunity sets a precedent for dismissal of civil rights suits, which maintains the legitimacy of the police state. |
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-Carter 15 Tom (World Socialist Website) “US Supreme Court expands immunity for killer cops” International Committee of the Fourth International November 12th 2015 |
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-With the death ... kill a cop!’” |
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-Police brutality causes numerous physiological and psychological harms to minorities. |
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-Turner and Richardson 16 Erlanger A. Turner (Assistant Professor of Psychology, University of Houston-Downtown) and Jasmine Richardson (BS earned her psychology degree from the University of Houston- Downtown (UHD)) “Racial Trauma is Real: The Impact of Police Shootings on African Americans” Psychology Benefits Society July 14th 2016 https://psychologybenefits.org/2016/07/14/racial-trauma-police-shootings-on-african-americans/ JW |
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-There have been ... as an expected outcome |
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-Police brutality undermines US diplomacy power. |
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-Pullen 14 Bethany “The Achilles Heel of U.S. Public Diplomacy: Race Relations and Police Violence” http://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/blog/achilles-heel-us-public-diplomacy-race-relations-and-police-violence September 8th 2014 JW |
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-It is a ... promoting legislative changes. |
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-Absent continued diplomacy, conflict becomes inevitable |
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-Grygiel 8 Jakub (George H. W. Bush Associate Professor at The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies) May 1st 2008 “The Diplomacy Fallacy” American Interest http://www.the-american-interest.com/2008/05/01/the-diplomacy-fallacy/ |
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-These three conditions ... interest is impossible. |
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-Effective diplomacy solves nuke war. |
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-Ross 99 Douglas (professor of political science at Simon Fraser University) “Canada’s functional isolationism and the future of weapons of mass destruction” International Journal lexis |
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-Thus, an easily ... or other WMD. |
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-Plan Text |
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-Resolved: the United States will replace the ‘clearly established’ standard in qualified immunity doctrines with a ‘clearly unconstitutional’ standard. |
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-The plan solves by providing adequate civil rights protections while maintaining consistency with current law- that no-links disads. |
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-Jeffries 10 John C. (University of Virginia School of Law) “What’s Wrong With Qualified Immunity?” University of Virginia School of Law Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper Series No. 2010-21 JW |
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-A second suggestion ... is ―clearly unconstitutional.‖ 84 |
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-Framework |
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-Phenomenal introspection is reliable and proves that util’s true. |
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-Sinhababu Neil (National University of Singapore) “The epistemic argument for hedonism” http://philpapers.org/archive/SINTEA-3 accessed 2-4-16 JW |
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-The Odyssey's treatment ... not egoistic hedonism. |
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-Thus, the standard is maximizing happiness. Prefer the standard: |
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-1. Reductionism: personal identity doesn’t exist. |
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-Olson Eric T. (Professor of Philosophy at the University of Sheffield) “Personal Identity” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Aug 20, 2002; substantive revision Oct 28, 2010 http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/identity-personal/#PsyApp JW |
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-Whatever psychological continuity ... once: a contradiction. |
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-2. Moral uncertainty means we should prevent extinction—it’s irreversible and prevents ethical deliberation or value. |
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-Bostrom 13 Nick Bostrom (Professor, Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School Director, Future of Humanity Institute Director, Oxford Martin Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology University of Oxford) “Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority” Global Policy Volume 4 . Issue 1 . February 2013 http://www.existential-risk.org/concept.pdf JW |
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-Keeping our options ... any existential catastrophe. |
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-Underview |
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-Critique is useless without a concrete policy option that solves for your harms. |
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-Bryant 12 Levi Bryant (Professor of Philosophy at Collin College) “A Critique of the Academic Left” 2012 https://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/ JW |
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-Unfortunately, the academic ... distribution of medicines, etc., etc., etc. |