Changes for page Oakwood Wareham Aff
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... ... @@ -1,11 +1,0 @@ 1 -Debaters may not say that all shells should be evaluated at the end of the 2NR, not the 2AR, AND say that the aff can’t read theory spikes in the aff. 2 - 3 -Topicality interpretations must be disclosed on the NDCA LD wiki under the debater’s name at last ten minutes before the round. 4 - 5 -Debaters may not read counterplans that fiat an increase in nuclear power from the government. To clarify, the CP can still result in an increase, but it can’t necessarily happen because of the way the CP fiats. 6 - 7 -Debaters may not read extinction impacts, or read weighing arguments that say extinction impacts should be preferred. 8 - 9 -All theory interpretations must have an interpretation advocate, defined as an author who has publicly defended the interp in writing. 10 -Palmer 15 Chris (coach for Lexington) “A theory of theory” azuen 3-3-15 http://www.azuen.net/2015/03/03/a-theory-of-theory/ JW 11 -So I propose ... do the same. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,19 @@ 1 +Debaters may not say that all shells should be evaluated at the end of the 2NR, not the 2AR, AND say that the aff can’t read theory spikes in the aff. 2 + 3 +Topicality interpretations must be disclosed on the NDCA LD wiki under the debater’s name at last ten minutes before the round. 4 + 5 +Debaters may not read counterplans that fiat an increase in nuclear power from the government. To clarify, the CP can still result in an increase, but it can’t necessarily happen because of the way the CP fiats. 6 + 7 +Debaters may not read extinction impacts, or read weighing arguments that say extinction impacts should be preferred. 8 + 9 +All theory interpretations must have an interpretation advocate, defined as an author who has publicly defended the interp in writing. 10 +Palmer 15 Chris (coach for Lexington) “A theory of theory” azuen 3-3-15 http://www.azuen.net/2015/03/03/a-theory-of-theory/ JW 11 +So I propose ... do the same. 12 + 13 +Debaters may not say that legal actions are not binding, universal bans are morally prohibited because of particularism, and that the aff violates self-ownership by shutting down nuclear reactors which is bad because of humanity’s intrinsic worth. 14 + 15 +If the neg reads a kritik of the aff advocacy, assumptions, or representations, they must have a text in the 1nc that clarifies their alternative advocacy 16 + 17 +Debaters must link their role of the ballot warrants to a normative theory that determines what counts as good and bad. To clarify, they may not say that the role of the ballot prevents x without warranting why x is normatively bad. 18 + 19 +Debaters may not defend a rejection of capitalism without a) specifying in their speech what this rejection entails, or b) specifying an alternate system to capitalism. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,90 @@ 1 +The role of the ballot is to evaluate the simulated consequences of the aff policy. 2 + 3 +The state is inevitable- speaking the language of power through policymaking is the only way to create social change in debate. 4 +Coverstone 5 Alan Coverstone (masters in communication from Wake Forest, longtime debate coach) “Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact” Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference November 17th 2005 JW 11/18/15 5 +An important concern ... in America today. 6 + 7 +Adv 1 = Crime 8 + 9 +Crime is high now—low trust in police is the root cause. 10 +The Week 15 “Violent crime surges in US cities: is 'Ferguson effect' to blame?” June 3rd 2015 http://www.theweek.co.uk/63860/violent-crime-surges-in-us-cities-is-ferguson-effect-to-blame JW 11 +Violent crime is ... part as well." 12 + 13 +The plan is key to rebuilding trust between police and civilians offsetting the perception that police are unaccountable. 14 +De Stefan 16 Lindsey De Stefan (J.D. Candidate, 2017, Seton Hall University School of Law; B.A., Ramapo College of New Jersey) ““No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:” How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct” Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850 2017 http://scholarship.shu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1861andcontext=student_scholarship JW 15 +Altering the qualified ... the citizen- police relationship. 16 + 17 +Police legitimacy is nearing an irreversible collapse—rebuilding trust now is key. 18 +Ryback 8/5 R.T. Ryback “Police, race and crime: We're not a point of no return on trust, but we're close” Star Tribune August 5th 2016 http://www.startribune.com/police-race-and-crime-we-re-not-a-point-of-no-return-on-trust-but-we-re-close/389346501/ JW 19 +A few weeks ... solve deeper issues. 20 + 21 +Police legitimacy is key to preventing crime. 22 +NIJ 16 National Institute of Justice “Race, Trust and Police Legitimacy” July 14th 2016 http://www.nij.gov/topics/law-enforcement/legitimacy/pages/welcome.aspx JW 23 +Research consistently shows ... within one's neighborhood. 1 24 + 25 +The US has soft power now. 26 +Nye 15 Joseph (Distinguished Service Professor, Harvard Kennedy School of Government; Author, Is the American Century Over?) “Charting the Next American Century” March 4th 2015 Council on Foreign Relations http://www.cfr.org/united-states/charting-next-american-century/p36194#ER JW 27 +NYE: This is ... the United States. 28 + 29 +Lowering crime is key to maintaining soft power. 30 +Falk 12 Richard (United Nations Special Rapporteur on Palestinian human rights) “When soft power is hard” Al Jazeera July 28th 2012 http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/07/201272212435524825.html 31 +This unabashed avowal ... cure unknown", applies. 32 + 33 +Soft power solves multiple existential threats. 34 +Lagon 11 Mark P. (International Relations and Security Chair at Georgetown University's Master of Science in Foreign Service Program and adjunct senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. He is the former US Ambassador-at-Large to Combat Trafficking in Persons at the US Department of State) “The Value of Values: Soft Power Under Obama” World Affairs Journal Sept/Oct 2011 http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/article/value-values-soft-power-under-obama#ER 35 +Despite large economic ... is seriously amiss. 36 + 37 +Adv 2 = Police Brutality 38 + 39 +The “clearly established” clause of qualified immunity allows police brutality to continue with no deterrence—limitation is needed. 40 +Wright 15 Sam (public interest lawyer) “Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity” November 3rd 2015 Above the Law http://abovethelaw.com/2015/11/want-to-fight-police-misconduct-reform-qualified-immunity/ JW 41 +Under ArrestRecently, police ... to make it happen. 42 + 43 +Qualified immunity sets a precedent for dismissal of civil rights suits, which maintains the legitimacy of the police state. 44 +Carter 15 Tom (World Socialist Website) “US Supreme Court expands immunity for killer cops” International Committee of the Fourth International November 12th 2015 45 +With the death ... kill a cop!’” 46 + 47 +Police brutality causes numerous physiological and psychological harms to minorities. 48 +Turner and Richardson 16 Erlanger A. Turner (Assistant Professor of Psychology, University of Houston-Downtown) and Jasmine Richardson (BS earned her psychology degree from the University of Houston- Downtown (UHD)) “Racial Trauma is Real: The Impact of Police Shootings on African Americans” Psychology Benefits Society July 14th 2016 https://psychologybenefits.org/2016/07/14/racial-trauma-police-shootings-on-african-americans/ JW 49 +There have been ... as an expected outcome 50 + 51 +Police brutality undermines US diplomacy power. 52 +Pullen 14 Bethany “The Achilles Heel of U.S. Public Diplomacy: Race Relations and Police Violence” http://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/blog/achilles-heel-us-public-diplomacy-race-relations-and-police-violence September 8th 2014 JW 53 +It is a ... promoting legislative changes. 54 + 55 +Absent continued diplomacy, conflict becomes inevitable 56 +Grygiel 8 Jakub (George H. W. Bush Associate Professor at The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies) May 1st 2008 “The Diplomacy Fallacy” American Interest http://www.the-american-interest.com/2008/05/01/the-diplomacy-fallacy/ 57 +These three conditions ... interest is impossible. 58 + 59 +Effective diplomacy solves nuke war. 60 +Ross 99 Douglas (professor of political science at Simon Fraser University) “Canada’s functional isolationism and the future of weapons of mass destruction” International Journal lexis 61 +Thus, an easily ... or other WMD. 62 + 63 +Plan Text 64 +Resolved: the United States will replace the ‘clearly established’ standard in qualified immunity doctrines with a ‘clearly unconstitutional’ standard. 65 + 66 +The plan solves by providing adequate civil rights protections while maintaining consistency with current law- that no-links disads. 67 +Jeffries 10 John C. (University of Virginia School of Law) “What’s Wrong With Qualified Immunity?” University of Virginia School of Law Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper Series No. 2010-21 JW 68 +A second suggestion ... is ―clearly unconstitutional.‖ 84 69 + 70 +Framework 71 + 72 +Phenomenal introspection is reliable and proves that util’s true. 73 +Sinhababu Neil (National University of Singapore) “The epistemic argument for hedonism” http://philpapers.org/archive/SINTEA-3 accessed 2-4-16 JW 74 +The Odyssey's treatment ... not egoistic hedonism. 75 + 76 +Thus, the standard is maximizing happiness. Prefer the standard: 77 + 78 +1. Reductionism: personal identity doesn’t exist. 79 +Olson Eric T. (Professor of Philosophy at the University of Sheffield) “Personal Identity” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Aug 20, 2002; substantive revision Oct 28, 2010 http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/identity-personal/#PsyApp JW 80 +Whatever psychological continuity ... once: a contradiction. 81 + 82 +2. Moral uncertainty means we should prevent extinction—it’s irreversible and prevents ethical deliberation or value. 83 +Bostrom 13 Nick Bostrom (Professor, Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School Director, Future of Humanity Institute Director, Oxford Martin Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology University of Oxford) “Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority” Global Policy Volume 4 . Issue 1 . February 2013 http://www.existential-risk.org/concept.pdf JW 84 +Keeping our options ... any existential catastrophe. 85 + 86 +Underview 87 + 88 +Critique is useless without a concrete policy option that solves for your harms. 89 +Bryant 12 Levi Bryant (Professor of Philosophy at Collin College) “A Critique of the Academic Left” 2012 https://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/ JW 90 +Unfortunately, the academic ... distribution of medicines, etc., etc., etc. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,95 @@ 1 +The role of the ballot is to evaluate the simulated consequences of the aff policy. 2 + 3 +The state is inevitable- speaking the language of power through policymaking is the only way to create social change in debate. 4 +Coverstone 5 Alan Coverstone (masters in communication from Wake Forest, longtime debate coach) “Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact” Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference November 17th 2005 JW 11/18/15 5 +An important concern emerges when Mitchell describes reflexive fiat as a contest strategy capable of 6 +AND 7 +that is a fundamental cause of voter and participatory abstention in America today. 8 + 9 +The standard is maximizing happiness. 10 + 11 +Moral uncertainty means we should prevent extinction—it’s irreversible and prevents ethical deliberation or value. 12 +Bostrom 13 Nick Bostrom (Professor, Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School Director, Future of Humanity Institute Director, Oxford Martin Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology University of Oxford) “Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority” Global Policy Volume 4 . Issue 1 . February 2013 http://www.existential-risk.org/concept.pdf JW 13 +Keeping our options alive These reflections on moral uncertainty suggests an alternative 14 +AND 15 +of value. To do this, we must prevent any existential catastrophe. 16 + 17 +The Advantage is Police Misconduct 18 + 19 +Qualified immunity in right-to-record cases chills police recordings aimed at preventing misconduct—re-articulation is key. 20 +Derrick 13 Geoffrey (Federal Defenders of San Diego, Inc.; American Civil Liberties Union, Fellow, Center for Appellate Litigation, New York, NY. J.D., magna cum laude, 2012, Boston University School of Law; B.S., 2007, Northwestern University) “Qualified Immunity and the First Amendment Right to Record Police” 22 B.U. Pub. Int. L.J. 243 September 9th 2013 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2202388 JW 21 +Citizens nationwide have begun using cell phones to make audio and audio- visual recordings 22 +AND 23 +unguided discretion and better notify citizens about the extent of their recording rights. 24 + 25 +Audio and visual recordings of police have the potential to drastically reduce police brutality—ensuring that officers understand the impact of technology is key. 26 +Ly 14 Laura “Can cell phones stop police brutality?” November 19th 2014 http://www.cnn.com/2014/11/18/us/police-cell-phone-videos/ JW 27 +Stanley said he believes authorities are simply still adjusting to the availability of new technology 28 +AND 29 +with cameras and 75 fewer use-of-force complaints overall. 30 + 31 +Strongly established ‘right to record’ is key to preventing police misconduct—other methods of accountability fail. 32 +Derrick 13 Geoffrey (Federal Defenders of San Diego, Inc.; American Civil Liberties Union, Fellow, Center for Appellate Litigation, New York, NY. J.D., magna cum laude, 2012, Boston University School of Law; B.S., 2007, Northwestern University) “Qualified Immunity and the First Amendment Right to Record Police” 22 B.U. Pub. Int. L.J. 243 September 9th 2013 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2202388 JW 33 +The First Amendment enshrines the right of citizens to petition the government for a redress 34 +AND 35 +pate in a new form of twenty-first-century police accountability. 36 + 37 +Two impacts: 38 + 39 +1. Police brutality causes numerous physiological and psychological harms to minorities. 40 +Turner and Richardson 16 Erlanger A. Turner (Assistant Professor of Psychology, University of Houston-Downtown) and Jasmine Richardson (BS earned her psychology degree from the University of Houston- Downtown (UHD)) “Racial Trauma is Real: The Impact of Police Shootings on African Americans” Psychology Benefits Society July 14th 2016 https://psychologybenefits.org/2016/07/14/racial-trauma-police-shootings-on-african-americans/ JW 41 +There have been many changes within the criminal justice system as a means to deter 42 +AND 43 +have long-term goals, and frequently view dying as an expected outcome 44 + 45 +2. Police brutality undermines US diplomacy power. 46 +Pullen 14 Bethany “The Achilles Heel of U.S. Public Diplomacy: Race Relations and Police Violence” http://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/blog/achilles-heel-us-public-diplomacy-race-relations-and-police-violence September 8th 2014 JW 47 +It is a contradiction that has plagued America since the very beginning. It was 48 +AND 49 +by the State Department, nor any public commitment to promoting legislative changes. 50 + 51 +Absent continued diplomacy, conflict becomes inevitable 52 +Grygiel 8 Jakub (George H. W. Bush Associate Professor at The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies) May 1st 2008 “The Diplomacy Fallacy” American Interest http://www.the-american-interest.com/2008/05/01/the-diplomacy-fallacy/ 53 +These three conditions and current trends affecting them obviously do not suffice as a complete 54 +AND 55 +from recognition that a diplomatic solution to a conflict of interest is impossible. 56 + 57 +Effective diplomacy solves nuke war. 58 +Ross 99 Douglas (professor of political science at Simon Fraser University) “Canada’s functional isolationism and the future of weapons of mass destruction” International Journal lexis 59 +Thus, an easily accessible tax base has long been available for spending much more 60 +AND 61 +community have any plausible hope of avoiding warfare involving nuclear or other WMD. 62 + 63 +Plan Text 64 + 65 +Resolved: the United States Supreme Court should mandate Saucier’s merits-first adjudicatory model for qualified immunity in First Amendment cases. 66 +Derrick 13 Geoffrey (Federal Defenders of San Diego, Inc.; American Civil Liberties Union, Fellow, Center for Appellate Litigation, New York, NY. J.D., magna cum laude, 2012, Boston University School of Law; B.S., 2007, Northwestern University) “Qualified Immunity and the First Amendment Right to Record Police” 22 B.U. Pub. Int. L.J. 243 September 9th 2013 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2202388 JW 67 +Mandating Saucier’s merits-first adjudicatory model in First Amendment cases where chilling is a 68 +AND 69 +different remedies . . . depending on the alternatives.”286 70 + 71 +Underview 72 + 73 +Critique is useless without a concrete policy option that solves for your harms. 74 +Bryant 12 Levi Bryant (Professor of Philosophy at Collin College) “A Critique of the Academic Left” 2012 https://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/ JW 75 +Unfortunately, the academic left falls prey to its own form of abstraction. It’s 76 +AND 77 +of shelters, the distribution of medicines, etc., etc., etc. 78 + 79 +Excessive focus on discourse and representations kills the liberal movements you seek to promote. 80 +Chait 15 Jonathan Chait “How the language police are perverting liberalism.” NY Magazine January 275h 2015 http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/01/not-a-very-pc-thing-to-say.html JW 81 +Or maybe not. The p.c. style of politics has one serious 82 +AND 83 +confidence in the ultimate power of reason, not coercion, to triumph. 84 + 85 +Oppression is created by social systems so only a focus on material conditions can solve. 86 +Johnson no date Allan Johnson (PhD in sociology, he joined the sociology department at Wesleyan University) http://www.cabrillo.edu/~lroberts/AlanJohnsonWhatCanWeDO001.pdf JW 87 +Privilege is a feature of social systems, not individuals. People have or don't 88 +AND 89 +and behave as individuals, how we see ourselves and one another. 90 + 91 +Legal debates are key to short-term survival of oppressed populations. Whether the law is good or bad, legal education is crucial to empowerment. 92 +Arkles et al 10 (Gabriel Arkles, Pooja Gehi and Elana Redfield, The Role of Lawyers in Trans Liberation: Building a Transformative Movement for Social Change, Seattle Journal for Social Justice, 8 Seattle J. Soc. Just. 579, Spring / Summer, 2010, LN) 93 +While agenda-setting by lawyers can lead to the replication of patterns of elitism 94 +AND 95 +going to continue to have to navigate government agencies and organizations to survive. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,94 @@ 1 +Phenomenal introspection is reliable and proves that util’s true. 2 +Sinhababu Neil (National University of Singapore) “The epistemic argument for hedonism” http://philpapers.org/archive/SINTEA-3 accessed 2-4-16 JW 3 +The Odyssey's treatment of these events demonstrates how dramatically ancient Greek moral intuitions differ from 4 +AND 5 +favors the kind of universal hedonism that supports utilitarianism, not egoistic hedonism. 6 + 7 +Thus, the standard is maximizing happiness. 8 + 9 +Moral uncertainty means we should prevent extinction—it’s irreversible and prevents ethical deliberation or value. 10 +Bostrom 13 Nick Bostrom (Professor, Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School Director, Future of Humanity Institute Director, Oxford Martin Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology University of Oxford) “Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority” Global Policy Volume 4 . Issue 1 . February 2013 http://www.existential-risk.org/concept.pdf JW 11 +Keeping our options alive These reflections on moral uncertainty suggests an alternative 12 +AND 13 +of value. To do this, we must prevent any existential catastrophe. 14 + 15 +Plan Text 16 + 17 +Resolved: the State Courts of the United States ought to limit qualified immunity in cases of police ignorance of the law as established by Heien v. North Carolina. 18 + 19 +State courts can and should decline to follow the opinion of the Supreme Court—Heien V. North Carolina is detrimental to rights of citizens. 20 +Coburn ’16 ARTICLE: THE SUPREME COURT'S MISTAKE ON LAW ENFORCEMENT MISTAKE OF LAW: WHY STATES SHOULD NOT ADOPT HEIEN V. NORTH CAROLINA. NAME: MADISON COBURN Madison Coburn, Staff Editor, Mississippi Law Journal; J.D. Candidate 2017, University of Mississippi School of Law. The author wishes to thank her family and Dean Jack Wade Nowlin of the University of Mississippi School of Law. Without Dean Nowlin's patience, guidance, and support, this Article would not have been possible.. Copyright © 2016 Wake Forest University School of Law. All Rights Reserved. Wake Forest Journal of Law and Policy 21 +As Justice Brennan famously observed, "examples abound where state courts have 22 +AND 23 +should afford citizens greater privacy protections than the Supreme Court did in Heien. 24 + 25 +Advantage 1 = the War on Drugs 26 + 27 +Unchecked qualified immunity makes expansion of the police state and drug wars inevitable—Heien v. North Carolina is at the core of the modern war on drugs. 28 +Meads ’16 The War Against Ourselves: Heien v. North Carolina, the War on Drugs, and Police Militarization. Mallory Meads B.S. 2012, University of Florida; J.D. Candidate 2016, University of Miami School of Law . University of Miami Law School. 2016. 29 +Heien v. North Carolina, 143 another case dealing with the War on Drugs 30 +AND 31 +price that our society must pay in order to preserve its freedom.”158 32 + 33 +Perpetuation of the war on drugs means terrorism is self-sustaining; it creates funding and recruit for radical groups. Glenny ‘16 34 +Misha Glenny. To win the war on terror, forget the war on drugs. 2016. https://www.ft.com/content/808c348e-a4db-11e5-a91e-162b86790c58 35 +The terms may no longer be politically correct but western governments continue to wage both 36 +AND 37 +only bad politics to resist drug law reform — it is downright immoral. 38 + 39 +Extinction. 40 +Rhodes 9 Richard (a visiting scholar at Harvard and MIT, and currently he is an affiliate of the Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford University. Rhodes is the author of The Making of the Atomic Bomb (1986), which won the Pulitzer Prize in Nonfiction, National Book Award, and National Book Critics Circle Award) “Reducing the nuclear threat: The argument for public safety” December 14th 2009 JW 41 +The response was very different among nuclear and national security experts when Indiana Republican Sen 42 +AND 43 +nothing to do with those attacks in the name of sending a message. 44 + 45 +The drug war causes mass incarceration and creates the predominant mode of racist social control—there is no more damaging act against communities of color currently than the war on drugs. Alexander ‘06 46 +Alexander, Director of the Civil Rights Clinic at Stanford Law School 2006 Michelle, Federalism, Race, and Criminal Justice, Chapter pp. 219-228 47 +Most Americans today can look back and see slavery and Jim Crow laws for what 48 +AND 49 +manifestation of deliberate indifference-or downright hostility-to communities of color. 50 + 51 +The AFF doesn’t reduce police effectiveness, established proper standard of conduct is key to a well-functioning police system. Coburn ‘16 52 +ARTICLE: THE SUPREME COURT'S MISTAKE ON LAW ENFORCEMENT MISTAKE OF LAW: WHY STATES SHOULD NOT ADOPT HEIEN V. NORTH CAROLINA. NAME: MADISON COBURN Madison Coburn, Staff Editor, Mississippi Law Journal; J.D. Candidate 2017, University of Mississippi School of Law. The author wishes to thank her family and Dean Jack Wade Nowlin of the University of Mississippi School of Law. Without Dean Nowlin's patience, guidance, and support, this Article would not have been possible.. Copyright © 2016 Wake Forest University School of Law. All Rights Reserved. Wake Forest Journal of Law and Policy 53 +Of course, there is a cost to the benefit of applying the exclusionary rule 54 +AND 55 +on even a valid statute is not enough to trigger the exclusionary rule. 56 + 57 +Adv 2 = policing 58 + 59 +Granting qualified immunity when the police are ignorant hurts citizens and prevents clarification of law. 60 +Justice Sotomayor (dissenting), 14 61 +SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES, Heien v North Carolina, CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT OF NORTH CAROLINA, December 15, 2014, Syllabus, https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/14pdf/13-604_ec8f.pdf 62 +I would hold that determining whether a search or seizure is reasonable requires evaluating an 63 +AND 64 +to justify a seizure under the Fourth Amendment. I respectfully dissent. 65 + 66 +Ignorance should not be an excuse for qualified immunity – harms victims of police abuse. 67 +Perry, 16 68 +Matthew Perry, 3-3-2016, "Qualified Immunity Must Go," Washington Square News, http://www.nyunews.com/2016/03/03/qualified-immunity-must-go/ 69 +“Ignorance of the law is no excuse.” It’s the first thing you learn 70 +AND 71 +we respect ourselves and our sovereignty at all, we must remove it. 72 + 73 + 74 +The role of the ballot is to evaluate the simulated consequences of the aff policy. 75 + 76 +1. The state is inevitable- speaking the language of power through policymaking is the only way to create social change in debate. 77 +Coverstone 5 Alan Coverstone (masters in communication from Wake Forest, longtime debate coach) “Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact” Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference November 17th 2005 JW 11/18/15 78 +An important concern emerges when Mitchell describes reflexive fiat as a contest strategy capable of 79 +AND 80 +that is a fundamental cause of voter and participatory abstention in America today. 81 + 82 +2. The 1AC acknowledges the state is bad in many ways. However, the aff uses state as heuristic which doesn’t affirm its legitimacy but allows enhanced governmental resistance. 83 +Zanotti 14 Dr. Laura Zanotti (Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech) “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database 84 +By questioning substantialist representations of power and subjects, inquiries on the possibilities of political 85 +AND 86 +position leads not to apathy but to hyper- and pessimistic activism.’’84 87 + 88 +3. Fairness. 89 + 90 +4. Legal debates are key to short-term survival of oppressed populations. Whether the law is good or bad, legal education is crucial to empowerment. 91 +Arkles et al 10 (Gabriel Arkles, Pooja Gehi and Elana Redfield, The Role of Lawyers in Trans Liberation: Building a Transformative Movement for Social Change, Seattle Journal for Social Justice, 8 Seattle J. Soc. Just. 579, Spring / Summer, 2010, LN) 92 +While agenda-setting by lawyers can lead to the replication of patterns of elitism 93 +AND 94 +going to continue to have to navigate government agencies and organizations to survive. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,62 @@ 1 +I will defend the entire resolution but if you want me to specify further, ask in cross-ex. 2 + 3 +Argumentation requires communicative reason giving with universal conclusions—this is essential to meaning and action. 4 +Bohman and Rehg 7 James Bohman and William Rehg (professors of philosophy at St. Louis University) “Jurgen Habermas” May 17th 2007, substantially revised August 4th 2014 Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/habermas/#HabDisThe JW 5 +What is the ... on that below. 6 + 7 +Actions causally contain the freedom to pursue a given end. 8 +Engstrom Stephen (Professor of Ethics at UPitt) “Universal Legislation As the Form of Practical Knowledge” http://www.philosophie.uni-hd.de/md/philsem/engstrom_vortrag.pdf JW 9 +Kant holds that ... the end itself. 10 + 11 +Moreover, agents cannot reject their personality and ability to be free—ethics is only coherent when humanity is respected. 12 +Kant Immanuel “The Metaphysics of Morals” Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy, 2nd Edition Mary J. Gregor, Roger J. Sullivan, Cambridge University Press 1996, 1797 NP 8/2/16 13 +A human being ... free from blame. 14 + 15 +Rights are only provisional in the state of nature. Respect for freedom requires we enter into a political system that can distribute property. 16 +Korsgaard 8 Christine “Taking the Law into Our Own Hands: Kant on the Right to Revolution” The Constitution of Agency: Essays on Practical Reason and Moral Psychology Oxford University Press http://www.klindeman.com/uploads/3/8/2/2/38221431/korsgaard_-_taking_the_law_into_our_own_hands.pdf JW 17 +Kant also believes ...in a civil society. (MPJ 6:256) 18 + 19 +Thus, the standard is consistency with the mandates of the omnilateral will. 20 + 21 +The constitutive nature of agency makes critiquing my framework impossible. 22 +Ng 15 Karen Ng (Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Vanderbilt University) “From the Critique of Reason to the Critique of Ideology: On the Relation between Life and Consciousness from Hegel to Critical Theory” 2015 JW 23 +In order to ... critic to stand. 24 + 25 +But, attempts to transcend the human condition make critique useless. 26 +Ng 15 Karen Ng (Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Vanderbilt University) “From the Critique of Reason to the Critique of Ideology: On the Relation between Life and Consciousness from Hegel to Critical Theory” 2015 JW 27 +Now if one ... the first place.17 28 + 29 +Commitment to universal reason is the only way to create social change. 30 +Drescher 6 Gary L. Drescher (Visiting Fellow at the Center for Cognitive Studies at Tufts University, PhD in Computer Science from MIT). “Good and Real: Demystifying Paradoxes from Physics to Ethics.” Bradford Books. 5 May 2006. 31 +Still, to the ... right and wrong. 32 + 33 +Offense 34 +First, public universities and colleges are founded and operated by the state. 35 +Collegebound “Differences Between Public and Private Universities and Liberal Arts Colleges” http://www.collegebound.net/content/article/differences-between-public-and-private-universities-and-liberal-arts-colleges/18529/ JW 36 +In the US, ... into comprehensive universities. 37 + 38 +And, restricting freedom of speech puts the sovereign in contradiction with its supreme authority, undermining the omnilateral will. 39 +Suprenant 15 Chris W. “Kant on the Virtues of a Free Society” April 7th 2015 https://www.libertarianism.org/columns/kant-virtues-free-society JW 40 +The second point ... his own authority. 41 + 42 +This offense is specific to political philosophy so the justification outweighs other turns. 43 +Varden 10 on Kant Helga Varden (Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Illinois) “A Kantian Conception of Free Speech” May 22nd 2010 Freedom of Expression in a Diverse World Volume 3 of the series AMINTAPHIL: The Philosophical Foundations of Law and Justice pp 39-55 http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.10072F978-90-481-8999-1_4 JW 44 +It would be ... and their state. 45 + 46 +Second, even immoral speech cannot be legally restricted because it doesn’t coerce other individuals inherently. 47 +Varden 10 summarizes an argument from Kant Helga Varden (Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Illinois) “A Kantian Conception of Free Speech” May 22nd 2010 Freedom of Expression in a Diverse World Volume 3 of the series AMINTAPHIL: The Philosophical Foundations of Law and Justice pp 39-55 http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.10072F978-90-481-8999-1_4 JW 48 +2 Virtuous Versus Rightful ... view of right. 49 + 50 +Empirically, counter-speech solves hate speech. 51 +Davidson 16 Alexander (California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo) “The Freedom of Speech in Public Forums on College Campuses: A Single-Site Case Study on Pushing the Boundaries of the Freedom of Speech” A Senior Project presented to The Faculty of the Journalism Department California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Journalism June 2016 52 +All experts agreed ... combat the issue. 53 + 54 +Social science proves couterspeech – studies should outweigh. 55 +Strossen 1 (Nadine, National President, American Civil Liberties Union; Professor of Law, New York Law School, 25 S. Ill. U. L. J. 243, “Incitement to Hatred: Should There Be a Limit?”, lexis) 56 +A study that ... prejudice and discrimination. 57 + 58 +Underview 59 + 60 +Proving the res is permissible isn’t sufficient - negating an ought statement means proving prohibition-permissibility is aff ground. 61 +Oxford Dictionary “ought, ought not” Oxford American Large Print Dictionary 2008 Oxford University Press NP 10/14/15. 62 +usage: The verb ... suitability or appropriateness. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,32 @@ 1 +Only the devil and I know the whereabouts of my treasure, and the one of us who lives the longest should take it all. 2 + ~-~-Edward Teach, aka, Captain Blackbeard 3 + 4 +In the 17th and 18th century, pirates joined together on ships to form radically egalitarian and democratic communities free from sovereign control. 5 +Land 7 Chris (Chris studies his PhD at Warwick Business School under the tutelage of Gibson Burrell and Martin Corbett. This project was an examination of the interrelations between language, technology and subjectivity – key elements in the production of organisation – through an analysis of William S. Burroughs novels and Deleuze and Guattari’s more philosophically inspired work. Since then he has worked at the Universities of Coventry, Essex, Innsbruck (Austria) and St Gallen (Switzerland). He joined the University of Leicester in January 2015 and is currently the Head of the Management and Organization Division in the School of Business. He is a founding member of the CAMEo Research Institute where he leads on the Cultural Publics Programme.) “Flying the black flag: Revolt, revolution and the social organization of piracy in the ‘golden age’” Management and Organizational History, 2:2, 169-192 2007 JW 6 +Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité ... it was desired. 7 + 8 +In the golden age of piracy, the ocean was a symbol of freedom, a smooth space free from government intrusion and nationalism. Pirates were maritime nomadic marauders that escaped the state through a lens of unintelligibility by travelling between secret coves. They had absolute freedom—no government restrictions preventing them from doing anything, including speaking. Eventually, the rhizomatic space of the sea was ordered and regulated by the government, and the age of piracy ended. 9 +Kuhn 9 Gabriel (Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of Innsbruck) Life Under the Jolly Roger: Reflections on Golden Age Piracy https://thebasebk.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Kuhn-Life-Under-the-Jolly-Roger-Reflections-on-Golden-Age-Piracy.pdf JW 10 +If it is ... lives at home.23 11 + 12 +Vote affirmative to embrace the political strategy of the pirate. 13 + 14 +Piracy created a nomadic war machine that directly challenged state and capitalist oppression. 15 +Kuhn 9 Gabriel (Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of Innsbruck) Life Under the Jolly Roger: Reflections on Golden Age Piracy https://thebasebk.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Kuhn-Life-Under-the-Jolly-Roger-Reflections-on-Golden-Age-Piracy.pdf JW 16 +Piracy has always ... to striate space.17 17 + 18 +Before the omnipresent technology of the 21st century, truly autonomous zones free from government control were entirely possible and actualized by pirate coves—creating anarchist mini-utopias that rejected all forms of government intervention. While these spaces are not presently possible, we should reclaim certain sites as Temporary Autonomous Zones to allow true rejection of oppression. The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that best actualizes a Temporary Autonomous Zone within debate. 19 +Bey 91 Hakim (pseudonym under which Peter Lamborn Wilson writes) “T. A. Z.: The Temporary Autonomous Zone, Ontological Anarchy, Poetic Terrorism” 1991 http://hermetic.com/bey/taz3.html#labelTAZ JW 20 +Pirate Utopias THE ... act of realization. 21 + 22 +Micro-fascism structures other forms of oppression by operating on the individual body to produce overall systems of domination. 23 +Deleuze and Guatarri 80 Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari “A Thousand Plateus” pp. 214-215 24 +It is not ... or inversely proportional. 25 + 26 +Actions that striate smooth spaces constitute intellectual and physical violence—the real world is fluid, not static. 27 +Hipwell 4 William Hipwell (Professor of Geography, Kyungpook National University, South Korea) “A Deleuzian critique of resource-use management politics in Industria) The Canadian Geographer 48, no. 3, 2004 28 +For Deleuze, static ...have good instincts. 29 + 30 +My argument isn’t that we should act just like pirates. The 1AC’s politics does not claim ownership of the pirates, but uses their legacy as an inspiration for a movement. 31 +Kuhn 9 Gabriel (Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of Innsbruck) Life Under the Jolly Roger: Reflections on Golden Age Piracy https://thebasebk.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Kuhn-Life-Under-the-Jolly-Roger-Reflections-on-Golden-Age-Piracy.pdf JW 32 +In short, the ... a short time.”43 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,100 @@ 1 +Adopting the perspective of the oppressed is the only way to account for dominant ideologies that skew our thought processes. 2 +Mills 5 Charles W. Mills (John Evans Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy) ““Ideal Theory” as Ideology” Hypatia vol. 20, no. 3 (Summer 2005) JW 3 +Now what distinguishes ideal theory is not merely the use of ideals, since obviously 4 +AND 5 +specifi c experience in distorting our perceptions and conceptions of the social order. 6 + 7 +Trust your basic intuition that oppression is bad. An assumption otherwise makes debate unsafe. 8 +Teehan 14 Ryan Teehan (qualified to 2014 TOC) Comment on “2014 Tournament of Champions Student Protest” NSD Update April 26th 2014 http://nsdupdate.com/2014/04/26/nsd-update-coverage-toc-2014/ 9 +Honestly, I don't think that 99 of what has been said in this 10 +AND 11 +make it so that saying things that make debate unsafe has actual repercussions. 12 + 13 +Thus, the standard is minimizing oppression. 14 + 15 +Oppression is created by social systems so only a focus on material conditions can solve. 16 +Johnson no date Allan Johnson (PhD in sociology, he joined the sociology department at Wesleyan University) http://www.cabrillo.edu/~lroberts/AlanJohnsonWhatCanWeDO001.pdf JW 17 +Privilege is a feature of social systems, not individuals. People have or don't 18 +AND 19 +and behave as individuals, how we see ourselves and one another. 20 + 21 +Material equality determines our view of individuals – comes before claims about history and epistemology. 22 +Okereke ’07, Chukwumerije Okereke, Senior Research Associate at the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of East Anglia, "Global Justice and Neoliberal Environmental Governance", Routledge, 2007 23 +Notwithstanding these drawbacks, these scholars provide very compelling arguments against mainstream conceptions of justice 24 +AND 25 +satisfy their aspirations for a better life. (WCED 1987: 43). 26 + 27 +The role of the ballot is to evaluate the simulated consequences of the aff policy. Prefer this 28 + 29 +1. The state is inevitable- speaking the language of power through policymaking is the only way to create social change in debate. 30 +Coverstone 5 Alan Coverstone (masters in communication from Wake Forest, longtime debate coach) “Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact” Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference November 17th 2005 JW 11/18/15 31 +An important concern emerges when Mitchell describes reflexive fiat as a contest strategy capable of 32 +AND 33 +that is a fundamental cause of voter and participatory abstention in America today. 34 + 35 +2. Fairness. 36 +Unfairness denies effective dialogue on kritikal issues which turns your impacts. 37 +Galloway 7 Ryan Galloway, Samford Comm prof, Contemporary Argumentation and Debate, Vol. 28, 2007 38 +Debate as a dialogue sets an argumentative table, where all parties receive a relatively 39 +AND 40 +whims of time and power (Farrell, 1985, p. 114). 41 + 42 +3. The 1AC acknowledges the state is bad in many ways. However, the aff uses state as heuristic which doesn’t affirm its legitimacy but allows enhanced governmental resistance. 43 +Zanotti 14 Dr. Laura Zanotti (Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech) “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database 44 +By questioning substantialist representations of power and subjects, inquiries on the possibilities of political 45 +AND 46 +position leads not to apathy but to hyper- and pessimistic activism.’’84 47 + 48 +Contention 49 + 50 +Most universities maintain speech codes that violate the constitution. 51 +Moore 16 James R. Moore (Cleveland State University) “You Cannot Say That in American Schools: Attacks on the First Amendment” Social Studies Research and Practice Volume 11 Number 1 112 Spring 2016 http://www.socstrpr.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/MS06579_Moore.pdf 52 +The first amendment, a crucial component of American constitutional law, is under attack 53 +AND 54 +2013; Saxe V. State College Area School District, 2001). 55 + 56 +Thus, the plan: Public colleges and universities ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech. 57 + 58 +Allowing limitations on free speech because its “offensive” creates emotional trauma and more violence in the real world. 59 +Lukianoff and Haidt 15 Jonathan Haidt (social psychologist and professor of ethical leadership at the NYU-Stern School of Business) and Greg Lukianoff (president and CEO of the Foundatino of Individual Rights in Education) “The Coddling of the American Mind” The Atlantic September 2015 http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/09/the-coddling-of-the-american-mind/399356/ 60 +Cognitive behavioral therapy is a modern embodiment of this ancient wisdom. It is the 61 +AND 62 +there is something dangerous or damaging about discussing difficult aspects of our history.” 63 + 64 +Hate groups are on the rise now. 65 +Heller 16 Dave Heller “Examining the rise in hate groups” Newsworks December 6th 2016 http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/local/newsworks-tonight/99466-examining-the-rise-in-hate-groups) JW 66 +More than 900 hate groups are operating around the U.S., including many 67 +AND 68 +campaign and the media for not doing enough to push back against hate. 69 + 70 +Counter-speech can solve oppressive viewpoints while mobilizing college campuses to actually deal with violence instead of just shutting people up. 71 +Calleros 95 (Charles, Winter, Professor of Law, Arizona State University, 27 Ariz. St. L.J. 1249, “PATERNALISM, COUNTERSPEECH, AND CAMPUS HATE-SPEECH CODES: A REPLY TO DELGADO AND YUN”, lexis) 72 +Delgado and Yun summarize the support for the counterspeech argument by paraphrasing Nat Hentoff: 73 +AND 74 +it sparked counterspeech and community action that strengthened the campus support for diversity. 75 + 76 +Empirically, counter-speech solves hate speech. 77 +Davidson 16 Alexander (California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo) “The Freedom of Speech in Public Forums on College Campuses: A Single-Site Case Study on Pushing the Boundaries of the Freedom of Speech” A Senior Project presented to The Faculty of the Journalism Department California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Journalism June 2016 78 +All experts agreed that negative speech creates awareness that surrounds a certain topic. They 79 +AND 80 +there are people who use “good speech” to combat the issue. 81 + 82 +Social science proves couterspeech – studies should outweigh. 83 +Strossen 1 (Nadine, National President, American Civil Liberties Union; Professor of Law, New York Law School, 25 S. Ill. U. L. J. 243, “Incitement to Hatred: Should There Be a Limit?”, lexis) 84 +A study that was done by a professor at Smith College in Massachusetts demonstrated the 85 +AND 86 +can play a positive role in reducing present and future prejudice and discrimination. 87 + 88 +Anti-hate speech legislation mutates into harmful forms of censorship. 89 +Moore 16 James R. Moore (Cleveland State University) “You Cannot Say That in American Schools: Attacks on the First Amendment” Social Studies Research and Practice Volume 11 Number 1 112 Spring 2016 http://www.socstrpr.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/MS06579_Moore.pdf 90 +In many cases, hate speech codes are a modern surrogate for blasphemy laws; 91 +AND 92 +not impinge on students’ freedom of expression because they are offended by ideas. 93 + 94 +Underview 95 + 96 +Critique is useless without a concrete policy option that solves for your harms. 97 +Bryant 12 Levi Bryant (Professor of Philosophy at Collin College) “A Critique of the Academic Left” 2012 https://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/ JW 98 +Unfortunately, the academic left falls prey to its own form of abstraction. It’s 99 +AND 100 +of shelters, the distribution of medicines, etc., etc., etc. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,87 @@ 1 +Adopting the perspective of the oppressed is the only way to account for dominant ideologies that skew our thought processes. 2 +Mills 5 Charles W. Mills (John Evans Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy) ““Ideal Theory” as Ideology” Hypatia vol. 20, no. 3 (Summer 2005) JW 3 +Now what distinguishes ideal theory is not merely the use of ideals, since obviously 4 +AND 5 +specifi c experience in distorting our perceptions and conceptions of the social order. 6 + 7 +Thus, the standard is minimizing oppression. 8 + 9 +Oppression is created by social systems so only a focus on material conditions can solve. 10 +Johnson no date Allan Johnson (PhD in sociology, he joined the sociology department at Wesleyan University) http://www.cabrillo.edu/~lroberts/AlanJohnsonWhatCanWeDO001.pdf JW 11 +Privilege is a feature of social systems, not individuals. People have or don't 12 +AND 13 +, and behave as individuals, how we see ourselves and one another. 14 + 15 +The role of the ballot is to evaluate the simulated consequences of the aff policy. Prefer this 16 + 17 +1. The state is inevitable- speaking the language of power through policymaking is the only way to create social change in debate. 18 +Coverstone 5 Alan Coverstone (masters in communication from Wake Forest, longtime debate coach) “Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact” Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference November 17th 2005 JW 11/18/15 19 +An important concern emerges when Mitchell describes reflexive fiat as a contest strategy capable of 20 +AND 21 +that is a fundamental cause of voter and participatory abstention in America today. 22 + 23 +2. The 1AC acknowledges the state is bad in many ways. However, the aff uses state as heuristic which doesn’t affirm its legitimacy but allows enhanced governmental resistance. 24 +Zanotti 14 Dr. Laura Zanotti (Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech) “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database 25 +By questioning substantialist representations of power and subjects, inquiries on the possibilities of political 26 +AND 27 +position leads not to apathy but to hyper- and pessimistic activism.’’84 28 + 29 +Offense 30 + 31 +Professors on public college campuses use trigger warnings constantly. 32 +Kamenetz 16 Anya (Anya Kamenetz is NPR's lead education blogger. She joined NPR in 2014, working as part of a new initiative to coordinate on-air and online coverage of learning.) “Half Of Professors In NPR Ed Survey Have Used 'Trigger Warnings'” NPR September 7th 2016 http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2016/09/07/492979242/half-of-professors-in-npr-ed-survey-have-used-trigger-warnings 33 +This school year, the University of Chicago has put the debate over "trigger 34 +AND 35 +last fall, that their institutions had any official policies about their use. 36 + 37 +Thus, the plan: Public colleges and universities ought not require or suggest that professors and faculty use trigger warnings. 38 + 39 +The plan falls under the purview of the topic—the Court has interpreted colleges as deserving special amounts of protection because they are marketplaces of ideas. 40 +Doll 16 Jordan (Honors, Oberlin College Politics Department) “Trauma and Free Speech in Higher Education: Do Trigger Warnings Threaten First Amendment Rights?” Spring 2016 JW 41 +“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the 42 +AND 43 +to engage with a work because it is too triggering for some students. 44 + 45 +Trigger warning suggestions and requirements are currently chilling freedom of expression on campus. 46 +AAUP 14 American Association of University Professors “On Trigger Warnings” This report was drafted by a subcommittee of Committee A on Academic Freedom and Tenure in August 2014 and has been approved by Committee A. https://www.aaup.org/report/trigger-warnings JW 47 +A current threat to academic freedom in the classroom comes from a demand that teachers 48 +AND 49 +interference with academic freedom; faculty judgment is a legitimate exercise of autonomy. 50 + 51 +Generalized trigger warnings in classroom settings hinder discussion by diverting dialogue from important issues. 52 +Filipovic 14 Jill (blogger at Feministe. She holds a JD and BA from New York University) “We’ve gone too far with ‘trigger warnings’” Guardian march 5th 2014 http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/mar/05/trigger-warnings-can-be-counterproductive 53 +It is true that everything on the above list might trigger a PTSD response in 54 +AND 55 +it should particularly trouble the feminist and anti-racist bookworms among us. 56 + 57 +Trigger warnings are fracturing coalitions to prevent oppression and violence in society—their justifications rest on oversimplified definitions of trauma. 58 +Halberstam 14 Jack Halberstam “You Are Triggering me! The Neo-Liberal Rhetoric of Harm, Danger and Trauma” July 5th 2014 http://bullybloggers.wordpress.com/2014/07/05/you-are-triggering-me-the-neo-liberal-rhetoric-of-harm-danger-and-trauma/ 59 +At this point, we should recall the “four Yorkshire men” skit from 60 +AND 61 +been pushed aside in the recent wave of the politics of the aggrieved. 62 + 63 +The overemphasis on creating a safe space pits those with unified causes against each other while ignoring the power structures that cause the traumatic events that they want to avoid talking about. 64 +Halberstam 14 Jack Halberstam “You Are Triggering me! The Neo-Liberal Rhetoric of Harm, Danger and Trauma” July 5th 2014 http://bullybloggers.wordpress.com/2014/07/05/you-are-triggering-me-the-neo-liberal-rhetoric-of-harm-danger-and-trauma/ 65 +Claims about being triggered work off literalist notions of emotional pain and cast traumatic events 66 +AND 67 +ekki-ekki-ekki-PTANG. Zoom-Boing, z’nourrwringmm.” 68 + 69 +Trigger warnings create a hierarchy of trauma by identifying certain experiences as more or less traumatic. You don’t see trigger warnings for war films but you do for one’s about gendered violence even though both are horrifying. 70 +Filipovic 14 Jill (blogger at Feministe. She holds a JD and BA from New York University) “We’ve gone too far with ‘trigger warnings’” Guardian march 5th 2014 http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/mar/05/trigger-warnings-can-be-counterproductive 71 +That should concern those of us who love literature, but it should particularly trouble 72 +AND 73 +upsetting, triggering or even emotionally devastating content comes with a warning sign. 74 + 75 +A consensus of psychologists agree exposure is good and trigger warnings are bad. Trigger warnings cause more trauma than they’re meant to prevent. 76 +Waters 14 Florence Waters “Trigger warnings: more harm than good?” The Telegraph October 4th 2014 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/11106670/Trigger-warnings-more-harm-than-good.html 77 +Prof Metin Basoglu, a psychologist internationally recognised for his trauma research, agreed to 78 +AND 79 +only feed the more bullying side of the less-than-delicate. 80 + 81 +Underview 82 + 83 +Critique is useless without a concrete policy option that solves for your harms. 84 +Bryant 12 Levi Bryant (Professor of Philosophy at Collin College) “A Critique of the Academic Left” 2012 https://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/ JW 85 +Unfortunately, the academic left falls prey to its own form of abstraction. It’s 86 +AND 87 +of shelters, the distribution of medicines, etc., etc., etc. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,91 @@ 1 +1AC 2 + 3 +Fwk 4 + 5 +Adopting the perspective of the oppressed is the only way to account for dominant ideologies that skew our thought processes. 6 +Mills 5 Charles W. Mills (John Evans Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy) ““Ideal Theory” as Ideology” Hypatia vol. 20, no. 3 (Summer 2005) JW 7 +Now what distinguishes ideal theory is not merely the use of ideals, since obviously 8 +AND 9 +specifi c experience in distorting our perceptions and conceptions of the social order. 10 + 11 +Thus, the standard is minimizing oppression. 12 + 13 +Oppression is created by social systems so only a focus on material conditions can solve. 14 +Johnson no date Allan Johnson (PhD in sociology, he joined the sociology department at Wesleyan University) http://www.cabrillo.edu/~lroberts/AlanJohnsonWhatCanWeDO001.pdf JW 15 +Privilege is a feature of social systems, not individuals. People have or don't 16 +AND 17 +, and behave as individuals, how we see ourselves and one another. 18 + 19 +The role of the ballot is to evaluate the simulated consequences of the aff policy. Prefer this 20 + 21 +1. The state is inevitable- speaking the language of power through policymaking is the only way to create social change in debate. 22 +Coverstone 5 Alan Coverstone (masters in communication from Wake Forest, longtime debate coach) “Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact” Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference November 17th 2005 JW 11/18/15 23 +An important concern emerges when Mitchell describes reflexive fiat as a contest strategy capable of 24 +AND 25 +that is a fundamental cause of voter and participatory abstention in America today. 26 + 27 +2. The 1AC acknowledges the state is bad in many ways. However, the aff uses state as heuristic which doesn’t affirm its legitimacy but allows enhanced governmental resistance. 28 +Zanotti 14 Dr. Laura Zanotti (Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech) “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database 29 +By questioning substantialist representations of power and subjects, inquiries on the possibilities of political 30 +AND 31 +position leads not to apathy but to hyper- and pessimistic activism.’’84 32 + 33 +Inherency 34 + 35 +Professors on public college campuses use trigger warnings constantly. 36 +Kamenetz 16 Anya (Anya Kamenetz is NPR's lead education blogger. She joined NPR in 2014, working as part of a new initiative to coordinate on-air and online coverage of learning.) “Half Of Professors In NPR Ed Survey Have Used 'Trigger Warnings'” NPR September 7th 2016 http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2016/09/07/492979242/half-of-professors-in-npr-ed-survey-have-used-trigger-warnings 37 +This school year, the University of Chicago has put the debate over "trigger 38 +AND 39 +last fall, that their institutions had any official policies about their use. 40 + 41 +Plan Text 42 + 43 +Public colleges and universities ought not require that professors and faculty use trigger warnings. 44 + 45 +The plan falls under the purview of the topic—the Court has interpreted colleges as deserving special amounts of protection because they are marketplaces of ideas. 46 +Doll 16 Jordan (Honors, Oberlin College Politics Department) “Trauma and Free Speech in Higher Education: Do Trigger Warnings Threaten First Amendment Rights?” Spring 2016 JW 47 +“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the 48 +AND 49 +to engage with a work because it is too triggering for some students. 50 + 51 +Trigger warning suggestions and requirements are currently chilling freedom of expression on campus. 52 +AAUP 14 American Association of University Professors “On Trigger Warnings” This report was drafted by a subcommittee of Committee A on Academic Freedom and Tenure in August 2014 and has been approved by Committee A. https://www.aaup.org/report/trigger-warnings JW 53 +A current threat to academic freedom in the classroom comes from a demand that teachers 54 +AND 55 +interference with academic freedom; faculty judgment is a legitimate exercise of autonomy. 56 + 57 +Adv 1 = Discussions 58 + 59 +Instead of avoiding tricky conversations, we should open up spaces for meaningful discourse—this requires a concerted effort to reject trigger warnings, which are absent in the real world. 60 +Haidt 15 Jonathan Haidt (social psychologist and professor of ethical leadership at the NYU-Stern School of Business) and Greg Lukianoff (president and CEO of the Foundatino of Individual Rights in Education) “The Coddling of the American Mind” The Atlantic September 2015 http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/09/the-coddling-of-the-american-mind/399356/ 61 +Attempts to shield students from words, ideas, and people that might cause them 62 +AND 63 +, universities would help fortify the faculty against student requests for such warnings. 64 + 65 +Generalized trigger warnings in classroom settings hinder discussion by diverting dialogue. 66 +Filipovic 14 Jill (blogger at Feministe. She holds a JD and BA from New York University) “We’ve gone too far with ‘trigger warnings’” Guardian march 5th 2014 http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/mar/05/trigger-warnings-can-be-counterproductive 67 +It is true that everything on the above list might trigger a PTSD response in 68 +AND 69 +it should particularly trouble the feminist and anti-racist bookworms among us. 70 + 71 +Adv 2 = Coalitions 72 + 73 +The overemphasis on creating a safe space pits those with unified causes against each other while ignoring the power structures that cause the traumatic events that they want to avoid talking about. 74 +Halberstam 14 Jack Halberstam “You Are Triggering me! The Neo-Liberal Rhetoric of Harm, Danger and Trauma” July 5th 2014 http://bullybloggers.wordpress.com/2014/07/05/you-are-triggering-me-the-neo-liberal-rhetoric-of-harm-danger-and-trauma/ 75 +Claims about being triggered work off literalist notions of emotional pain and cast traumatic events 76 +AND 77 +ekki-ekki-ekki-PTANG. Zoom-Boing, z’nourrwringmm.” 78 + 79 +Trigger warnings create a hierarchy of trauma by identifying certain experiences as more or less traumatic. You don’t see trigger warnings for war films but you do for one’s about gendered violence even though both are traumatic. 80 +Filipovic 14 Jill (blogger at Feministe. She holds a JD and BA from New York University) “We’ve gone too far with ‘trigger warnings’” Guardian march 5th 2014 http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/mar/05/trigger-warnings-can-be-counterproductive 81 +That should concern those of us who love literature, but it should particularly trouble 82 +AND 83 +upsetting, triggering or even emotionally devastating content comes with a warning sign. 84 + 85 +A consensus of psychologists agree exposure is good and trigger warnings are bad. Trigger warnings cause more trauma than they’re meant to prevent. 86 +Waters 14 Florence Waters “Trigger warnings: more harm than good?” The Telegraph October 4th 2014 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/11106670/Trigger-warnings-more-harm-than-good.html 87 +Prof Metin Basoglu, a ... of the less-than-delicate. 88 + 89 +Undermining structural violence is necessary for mutual recognition and thus freedom. 90 +Duquette David A. Duquette (Professor of Philosophy St. Norton’s College) “Hegel: Social and Political Thought” Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 91 +According to Hegel... between distinct consciousnesses. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,103 @@ 1 +Rejecting oppression is the only way to account for dominant ideologies that skew our thought processes. 2 +Mills 5 Charles W. Mills (John Evans Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy) ““Ideal Theory” as Ideology” Hypatia vol. 20, no. 3 (Summer 2005) JW 3 +Now what distinguishes ideal theory is not merely the use of ideals, since obviously 4 +AND 5 +specifi c experience in distorting our perceptions and conceptions of the social order. 6 + 7 +Freedom is necessary to hold people responsible for actions-this is the foundation of moral philosophy. 8 +Wolff 70 Robert Paul Wolff, In Defense of Anarchism, University of California Press 1970 JW 2/6/15 9 +The fundamental assumption of moral philosophy is that people men are responsible for 10 +AND 11 +reflecting on motives, predicting outcomes, criticizing principles, and so forth. 12 + 13 +Undermining structural violence is necessary for mutual recognition and thus freedom. 14 +Duquette David A. Duquette (Professor of Philosophy St. Norton’s College) “Hegel: Social and Political Thought” Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 15 +According to Hegel, the relationship between self and otherness is the fundamental defining characteristic 16 +AND 17 +of provisional, incomplete resolution of the struggle for recognition between distinct consciousnesses. 18 + 19 +Thus, the standard is minimizing oppression. 20 + 21 +Oppression is created by social systems so only a focus on material conditions can solve. 22 +Johnson no date Allan Johnson (PhD in sociology, he joined the sociology department at Wesleyan University) http://www.cabrillo.edu/~lroberts/AlanJohnsonWhatCanWeDO001.pdf JW 23 +Privilege is a feature of social systems, not individuals. People have or don't 24 +AND 25 +, and behave as individuals, how we see ourselves and one another. 26 + 27 +The role of the ballot is to evaluate the simulated consequences of the aff policy. Prefer this 28 + 29 +1. The state is inevitable- speaking the language of power through policymaking is the only way to create social change in debate. 30 +Coverstone 5 Alan Coverstone (masters in communication from Wake Forest, longtime debate coach) “Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact” Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference November 17th 2005 JW 11/18/15 31 +An important concern emerges when Mitchell describes reflexive fiat as a contest strategy capable of 32 +AND 33 +that is a fundamental cause of voter and participatory abstention in America today. 34 + 35 +2. The aff uses state as heuristic, which doesn’t affirm its legitimacy but allows enhanced governmental resistance. 36 +Zanotti 14 Dr. Laura Zanotti (Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech) “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database 37 +By questioning substantialist representations of power and subjects, inquiries on the possibilities of political 38 +AND 39 +position leads not to apathy but to hyper- and pessimistic activism.’’84 40 + 41 +Inherency 42 + 43 +Most universities maintain speech codes that violate the constitution. 44 +Moore 16 James R. Moore (Cleveland State University) “You Cannot Say That in American Schools: Attacks on the First Amendment” Social Studies Research and Practice Volume 11 Number 1 112 Spring 2016 http://www.socstrpr.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/MS06579_Moore.pdf 45 +The first amendment, a crucial component of American constitutional law, is under attack 46 +AND 47 +, 2013; Saxe V. State College Area School District, 2001). 48 + 49 +Plan Text 50 + 51 +Public colleges and universities ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech. 52 + 53 +Adv = Counterspeech 54 + 55 +Hate speech on the rise now—Trump. 56 +Okeowo 16 Alexis (New Yorker staff writer) “HATE ON THE RISE AFTER TRUMP’S ELECTION” The New Yorker November 16th 2016 http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/hate-on-the-rise-after-trumps-election JW 57 +Since Donald Trump won the Presidential election, there has been a dramatic uptick in 58 +AND 59 +. But his election has encouraged people to monitor and report such incidents. 60 + 61 +Allowing open contestation of ideas without restriction leads to social progress—LGBTQ rights, feminism, and abolitionism prove. 62 +Rauch 13 Jonathan (contributing editor at The Atlantic and National Journal and a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution.) “The Case for Hate Speech” The Atlantic November 2013 https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2013/11/the-case-for-hate-speech/309524/ JW 63 +A generation ago, the main obstacle to gay equality was not hatred, though 64 +AND 65 +of course. But no less do we need them to criticize us. 66 + 67 +Counterspeech solves hate speech—empirical examples prove. 68 +Calleros 95 (Charles, Winter, Professor of Law, Arizona State University, 27 Ariz. St. L.J. 1249, “PATERNALISM, COUNTERSPEECH, AND CAMPUS HATE-SPEECH CODES: A REPLY TO DELGADO AND YUN”, lexis) 69 +Delgado and Yun summarize the support for the counterspeech argument by paraphrasing Nat Hentoff: 70 +AND 71 +it sparked counterspeech and community action that strengthened the campus support for diversity. 72 + 73 +Social science proves counterspeech solves. 74 +Strossen 1 (Nadine, National President, American Civil Liberties Union; Professor of Law, New York Law School, 25 S. Ill. U. L. J. 243, “Incitement to Hatred: Should There Be a Limit?”, lexis) 75 +A study that was done by a professor at Smith College in Massachusetts demonstrated the 76 +AND 77 +can play a positive role in reducing present and future prejudice and discrimination. 78 + 79 +This solves better than speech codes: 80 + 81 +A. Speech codes just drive hatefulness underground, which makes it impossible to address and more pernicious. 82 +ACLU 01 American Civil Liberty Union “Hate Speech on Campus” 2001 https://www.aclu.org/other/hate-speech-campus JW 83 +A: Bigoted speech is symptomatic of a huge problem in our country; it 84 +AND 85 +institution accomplished nothing in the way of exposing the bankruptcy of racist ideas. 86 + 87 +B. Allowing limitations on free speech because its “offensive” creates emotional trauma and more violence in the real world. 88 +Lukianoff and Haidt 15 Jonathan Haidt (social psychologist and professor of ethical leadership at the NYU-Stern School of Business) and Greg Lukianoff (president and CEO of the Foundatino of Individual Rights in Education) “The Coddling of the American Mind” The Atlantic September 2015 http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/09/the-coddling-of-the-american-mind/399356/ 89 +Cognitive behavioral therapy is a modern embodiment of this ancient wisdom. It is the 90 +AND 91 +there is something dangerous or damaging about discussing difficult aspects of our history.” 92 + 93 +C. Speech codes can be used against minorities—setting free speech precedents is key to social activism. 94 +ACLU 01 American Civil Liberty Union “Hate Speech on Campus” 2001 https://www.aclu.org/other/hate-speech-campus JW 95 +A: Free speech rights are indivisible. Restricting the speech of one group or 96 +AND 97 +the ACLU's successful defense of civil rights demonstrators in the 1960s and '70s. 98 + 99 +D. Empirics prove—speech codes get used to target minorities. 100 +ACLU 01 American Civil Liberty Union “Hate Speech on Campus” 2001 https://www.aclu.org/other/hate-speech-campus JW 101 +A: Historically, defamation laws or codes have proven ineffective at best and counter 102 +AND 103 +if we infringe on the rights of any persons, we'll be next." - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,119 @@ 1 +Inherency 2 + 3 +Most universities maintain speech codes that violate the constitution. 4 +Moore 16 James R. Moore (Cleveland State University) “You Cannot Say That in American Schools: Attacks on the First Amendment” Social Studies Research and Practice Volume 11 Number 1 112 Spring 2016 http://www.socstrpr.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/MS06579_Moore.pdf 5 +The first amendment, a crucial component of American constitutional law, is under attack 6 +AND 7 +, 2013; Saxe V. State College Area School District, 2001). 8 + 9 +Plan Text 10 + 11 +Public colleges and universities ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech. 12 + 13 +Adv 1 = Counterspeech 14 + 15 +Hate speech on the rise now—Trump. 16 +Okeowo 16 Alexis (New Yorker staff writer) “HATE ON THE RISE AFTER TRUMP’S ELECTION” The New Yorker November 16th 2016 http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/hate-on-the-rise-after-trumps-election JW 17 +Since Donald Trump won the Presidential election, there has been a dramatic uptick in 18 +AND 19 +. But his election has encouraged people to monitor and report such incidents. 20 + 21 +Allowing open contestation of ideas without restriction leads to social progress—LGBTQ rights, feminism, and abolitionism prove. 22 +Rauch 13 Jonathan (contributing editor at The Atlantic and National Journal and a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution.) “The Case for Hate Speech” The Atlantic November 2013 https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2013/11/the-case-for-hate-speech/309524/ JW 23 +A generation ago, the main obstacle to gay equality was not hatred, though 24 +AND 25 +of course. But no less do we need them to criticize us. 26 + 27 +Counterspeech solves hate speech—empirical examples prove. 28 +Calleros 95 (Charles, Winter, Professor of Law, Arizona State University, 27 Ariz. St. L.J. 1249, “PATERNALISM, COUNTERSPEECH, AND CAMPUS HATE-SPEECH CODES: A REPLY TO DELGADO AND YUN”, lexis) 29 +Delgado and Yun summarize the support for the counterspeech argument by paraphrasing Nat Hentoff: 30 +AND 31 +it sparked counterspeech and community action that strengthened the campus support for diversity. 32 + 33 +Social science proves counterspeech solves. 34 +Strossen 1 (Nadine, National President, American Civil Liberties Union; Professor of Law, New York Law School, 25 S. Ill. U. L. J. 243, “Incitement to Hatred: Should There Be a Limit?”, lexis) 35 +A study that was done by a professor at Smith College in Massachusetts demonstrated the 36 +AND 37 +can play a positive role in reducing present and future prejudice and discrimination. 38 + 39 +Adv 2 = Speech Codes are Bad 40 + 41 +Speech codes just drive hatefulness underground, which makes it impossible to address and more pernicious. 42 +ACLU 01 American Civil Liberty Union “Hate Speech on Campus” 2001 https://www.aclu.org/other/hate-speech-campus JW 43 +A: Bigoted speech is symptomatic of a huge problem in our country; it 44 +AND 45 +institution accomplished nothing in the way of exposing the bankruptcy of racist ideas. 46 + 47 +Speech codes can be used against minorities—setting free speech precedents is key to social activism. 48 +ACLU 01 American Civil Liberty Union “Hate Speech on Campus” 2001 https://www.aclu.org/other/hate-speech-campus JW 49 +A: Free speech rights are indivisible. Restricting the speech of one group or 50 +AND 51 +the ACLU's successful defense of civil rights demonstrators in the 1960s and '70s. 52 + 53 +Framework 54 + 55 +Rejecting oppression is the only way to account for dominant ideologies that skew our thought processes. 56 +Mills 5 Charles W. Mills (John Evans Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy) ““Ideal Theory” as Ideology” Hypatia vol. 20, no. 3 (Summer 2005) JW 57 +Now what distinguishes ideal theory is not merely the use of ideals, since obviously 58 +AND 59 +specifi c experience in distorting our perceptions and conceptions of the social order. 60 + 61 +Solutions to oppression must be discussed through pragmatic approaches within hegemonic power structures. 62 +Kapoor 8, 2008 (Ilan, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University, “The Postcolonial Politics of Development,” p. 138-139) 63 +There are perhaps several other social movement campaigns that could be cited as examples of 64 +AND 65 +made it difficult for the state to quash them or deflect their claims. 66 + 67 +Critique is useless without a concrete policy option that solves for the harms you discuss. 68 +Bryant 12 Levi Bryant (Professor of Philosophy at Collin College) “A Critique of the Academic Left” 2012 https://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/ JW 69 +Unfortunately, the academic left falls prey to its own form of abstraction. It’s 70 +AND 71 +of shelters, the distribution of medicines, etc., etc., etc. 72 + 73 +Oppression is created by social systems so only a focus on material conditions can solve. 74 +Johnson no date Allan Johnson (PhD in sociology, he joined the sociology department at Wesleyan University) http://www.cabrillo.edu/~lroberts/AlanJohnsonWhatCanWeDO001.pdf JW 75 +Privilege is a feature of social systems, not individuals. People have or don't 76 +AND 77 +, and behave as individuals, how we see ourselves and one another. 78 + 79 +The state is inevitable- speaking the language of power through policymaking is the only way to create social change in debate. 80 +Coverstone 5 Alan Coverstone (masters in communication from Wake Forest, longtime debate coach) “Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact” Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference November 17th 2005 JW 11/18/15 81 +An important concern emerges when Mitchell describes reflexive fiat as a contest strategy capable of 82 +AND 83 +that is a fundamental cause of voter and participatory abstention in America today. 84 + 85 +Legal debates are key to short-term survival of oppressed populations. Whether the law is good or bad, legal education is crucial to empowerment. 86 +Arkles et al 10 (Gabriel Arkles, Pooja Gehi and Elana Redfield, The Role of Lawyers in Trans Liberation: Building a Transformative Movement for Social Change, Seattle Journal for Social Justice, 8 Seattle J. Soc. Just. 579, Spring / Summer, 2010, LN) 87 +While agenda-setting by lawyers can lead to the replication of patterns of elitism 88 +AND 89 +going to continue to have to navigate government agencies and organizations to survive. 90 + 91 +The aff uses state as heuristic which doesn’t affirm its legitimacy but allows enhanced governmental resistance. 92 +Zanotti 14 Dr. Laura Zanotti (Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech) “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database 93 +By questioning substantialist representations of power and subjects, inquiries on the possibilities of political 94 +AND 95 +position leads not to apathy but to hyper- and pessimistic activism.’’84 96 + 97 +And, material equality determines our view of individuals – comes before claims about history and epistemology. Okereke ’07, 98 +Chukwumerije Okereke, Senior Research Associate at the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of East Anglia, "Global Justice and Neoliberal Environmental Governance", Routledge, 2007 99 +Notwithstanding these drawbacks, these scholars provide very compelling arguments against mainstream conceptions of justice 100 +AND 101 +satisfy their aspirations for a better life. (WCED 1987: 43). 102 + 103 +Inequality creates flawed epistemic conclusions, making normative decision making impossible. 104 +Medina 11 Medina, J. (2011). Toward a Foucaultian Epistemology of Resistance: Counter-Memory, Epistemic Friction, and Guerrilla Pluralism. Foucault Studies, 1(12), 9–35 105 +Foucault invites us to pay attention to the past and ongoing epistemic battles among competing 106 +AND 107 +until past epistemic battles are reopened and established frameworks become open to contestation. 108 + 109 +Major political gains for blacks have been achieved within civil society- the alt risks throwing out the possibility of a less violent future. 110 +Winant 15 (2015, Howard, Professor of Sociology at UC-Santa Barbara, “The Dark Matter: Race and Racism in the 21st Century,” Critical Sociology 2015, Vol. 41(2) 313–324) 111 +The World-Historical Shitpile of Race Structural racism – an odious stinkpile of shit 112 +AND 113 +democracy, inclusion, equality, and justice in the US and elsewhere. 114 + 115 +Even if the state is bad, legal debates are key to critiquing law. 116 +Harris and Maeda 4 (Prof @ UC Davis School of Law; Professor of Critical Theory and Social Justice @ Occidental) (Angela Harris and Donna Maeda, Power and Resistance in Contemporary Legal Education, in Legal Education and the Reproduction of Hierarchy, Project MUSE) 117 +Efforts by progressive students to transform hierarchies indicate the importance of constant resistance, and 118 +AND 119 +, grounded in the knowledge of the necessity of constant struggle and resistance. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,105 @@ 1 +Prefer reflective equilibrium as a procedure to evaluate the framework debate. 2 + 3 +Rule consequentialism coheres with our intuitive beliefs. 4 +Hooker Brad Hooker (Professor of Philosophy at the University of Reading) “Rule Consequentialism” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2008 http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/consequentialism-rule/ JW 5 +We have seen that rule-consequentialism evaluates rules on the basis of the expected 6 +AND 7 +well (Urmson 1953; Brandt 1967; Hospers 1972; Hooker 2000). 8 + 9 +Thus, the standard is consistency with rule consequentialism. Prefer the standard: 10 + 11 +1. Morality must be universalizable. 12 +Pettit Phillip “Non-Consequentialism and Universalizability” The Philosophical Quarterly Vol. 50 No. 199 pp. 175-190 April 2000 JW 13 +Every prescription as to what an agent ought to do should be capable of being 14 +AND 15 +, indeed, that no other agent is ever likely to confront them. 16 + 17 +Only consequentialism can be universalized. 18 +Pettit 2 Phillip “Non-Consequentialism and Universalizability” The Philosophical Quarterly Vol. 50 No. 199 pp. 175-190 April 2000 JW 19 +There is no difficulty in seeing how the universalizability challenge is supposed to be met 20 +AND 21 +swears non-consequentialist allegiance, may be to flout that pattern oneself. 22 + 23 +2. Actor specificity 24 + 25 +Even if act util is true—use rule util as a decision procedure. 26 +Chappell 05 on Mackie “Indirect Utilitarianism” June 11 2005 Philosophy, et cetera http://www.philosophyetc.net/2005/06/indirect-utilitarianism.html 27 +J.L. Mackie (p.91) offers six utilitarian reasons for 28 +AND 29 +that there is no real chance that actions will even approximate to them. 30 + 31 +ROTB 32 + 33 +The role of the ballot is to evaluate the simulated consequences of the aff policy. Prefer this 34 + 35 +1. The state is inevitable- speaking the language of power through policymaking is the only way to create social change in debate. 36 +Coverstone 5 Alan Coverstone (masters in communication from Wake Forest, longtime debate coach) “Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact” Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference November 17th 2005 JW 11/18/15 37 +An important concern emerges when Mitchell describes reflexive fiat as a contest strategy capable of 38 +AND 39 +that is a fundamental cause of voter and participatory abstention in America today. 40 + 41 +2. Fairness. 42 +Unfairness denies effective dialogue on kritikal issues which turns your impacts. 43 +Galloway 7 Ryan Galloway, Samford Comm prof, Contemporary Argumentation and Debate, Vol. 28, 2007 44 +Debate as a dialogue sets an argumentative table, where all parties receive a relatively 45 +AND 46 +whims of time and power (Farrell, 1985, p. 114). 47 + 48 +Inherency 49 + 50 +Most universities maintain speech codes that violate the constitution. 51 +Moore 16 James R. Moore (Cleveland State University) “You Cannot Say That in American Schools: Attacks on the First Amendment” Social Studies Research and Practice Volume 11 Number 1 112 Spring 2016 http://www.socstrpr.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/MS06579_Moore.pdf 52 +The first amendment, a crucial component of American constitutional law, is under attack 53 +AND 54 +, 2013; Saxe V. State College Area School District, 2001). 55 + 56 +Plan Text 57 + 58 +Public colleges and universities ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech. 59 + 60 +Adv 1 = Counterspeech 61 + 62 +Hate speech on the rise now—Trump. 63 +Okeowo 16 Alexis (New Yorker staff writer) “HATE ON THE RISE AFTER TRUMP’S ELECTION” The New Yorker November 16th 2016 http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/hate-on-the-rise-after-trumps-election JW 64 +Since Donald Trump won the Presidential election, there has been a dramatic uptick in 65 +AND 66 +. But his election has encouraged people to monitor and report such incidents. 67 + 68 +Allowing open contestation of ideas without restriction leads to social progress—LGBTQ rights, feminism, and abolitionism prove. 69 +Rauch 13 Jonathan (contributing editor at The Atlantic and National Journal and a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution.) “The Case for Hate Speech” The Atlantic November 2013 https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2013/11/the-case-for-hate-speech/309524/ JW 70 +A generation ago, the main obstacle to gay equality was not hatred, though 71 +AND 72 +of course. But no less do we need them to criticize us. 73 + 74 +Counterspeech solves hate speech—empirical examples prove. 75 +Calleros 95 (Charles, Winter, Professor of Law, Arizona State University, 27 Ariz. St. L.J. 1249, “PATERNALISM, COUNTERSPEECH, AND CAMPUS HATE-SPEECH CODES: A REPLY TO DELGADO AND YUN”, lexis) 76 +Delgado and Yun summarize the support for the counterspeech argument by paraphrasing Nat Hentoff: 77 +AND 78 +it sparked counterspeech and community action that strengthened the campus support for diversity. 79 + 80 +Adv 2 = Emotional Trauma 81 + 82 +Allowing limitations on free speech because its “offensive” creates emotional trauma and more violence in the real world. 83 +Lukianoff and Haidt 15 Jonathan Haidt (social psychologist and professor of ethical leadership at the NYU-Stern School of Business) and Greg Lukianoff (president and CEO of the Foundatino of Individual Rights in Education) “The Coddling of the American Mind” The Atlantic September 2015 http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/09/the-coddling-of-the-american-mind/399356/ 84 +Because there is a broad ban in academic circles on “blaming the victim,” 85 +AND 86 +there is something dangerous or damaging about discussing difficult aspects of our history.” 87 + 88 +Adv 3 = Speech Codes Backfire 89 + 90 +Speech codes can be used against minorities—setting free speech precedents is key to social activism. 91 +ACLU 01 American Civil Liberty Union “Hate Speech on Campus” 2001 https://www.aclu.org/other/hate-speech-campus JW 92 +A: Free speech rights are indivisible. Restricting the speech of one group or 93 +AND 94 +the ACLU's successful defense of civil rights demonstrators in the 1960s and '70s. 95 + 96 +Empirics prove—speech codes get used to target minorities. 97 +ACLU 01 American Civil Liberty Union “Hate Speech on Campus” 2001 https://www.aclu.org/other/hate-speech-campus JW 98 +A: Historically, defamation laws or codes have proven ineffective at best and counter 99 +AND 100 +if we infringe on the rights of any persons, we'll be next." 101 + 102 +Underview 103 +Prefer a comparing worlds paradigm. 104 +Nelson Adam Nelson (Director of Lincoln-Douglas Debate at the Harker School) “Towards a Comprehensive Theory of LD” The Lincoln-Douglas Debate Theory Journal April 15th 2008 http://ldtheoryjournal.blogspot.com/2008/04/towards-comprehensive-theory-of-ld-adam.html JW 105 +And the truth-statement ... the same way. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +33 - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +5 - Team
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Oakwood Wareham Aff - Title
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +JAN FEB Rule Consequentialism AC - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harvard
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +20 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2016-10-16 22:08:37.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +9 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +all
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +21 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2016-11-19 18:49:17.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Matt Delateur - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Ft Lauderdale JF - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Glenbrooks
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +22 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2016-11-20 18:50:44.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Shatzkin - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Greenhill SK - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +6 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Glenbrooks
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +23 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2016-11-21 20:28:17.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +panel - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Cypress Bay LC - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Octas - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Glenbrooks
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +24 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-01-12 17:55:30.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Kumar, Castillo - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +La Canada AZ - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +1 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Debate LA Challenge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +25 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-01-13 04:48:18.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Smith, Randall - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Peninsula JL - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +4 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Debate LA Challenge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +26 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-01-13 22:32:49.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Agarwala, Paramo - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Lynbrook VV - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +6 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Debate LA Challenge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +27 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-01-14 06:13:33.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +panel - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harvard-Westlake EE - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Semis - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Debate LA Challenge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +28 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-16 16:20:38.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Castillo, Antigua - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +LHP AA - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harvard RR
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +29 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-16 16:22:19.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Caldera, Antigua - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Woodlands College Park JZ - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +1 - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Harvard RR
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +30 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-20 03:11:08.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Gosain, Sigalow, Staunton - Opponent
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Randolph AP - Round
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Triples - Tournament
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +31 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-20 03:13:09.0 - Judge
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +OConnor - Opponent
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